Rheological Studies Research Articles

Study of industrial enzyme improvers of the rheological properties of baking flour and the quality of finished products

In today’s discerning consumer market, flour milling has evolved beyond merely meeting established standards; it demands an understanding of evolving consumer needs and the ability to tailor products accordingly. A prominent global challenge lies in ensuring consistent wheat quality, particularly in addressing the prevalence of sprouted grains that compromise gluten quality. This necessitates a more rigorous scientific approach, encompassing novel methodologies and dedicated research initiatives. To address these hurdles, this article proposes a comprehensive strategy that leverages enzyme improvers and rheological studies of elastic properties, exemplified by the Alveolab Alveograph. Through a series of test bakings of tin bread, the impact of various enzyme additives, including Kazenzym 26007, Kazelco, AlphamaltVC 5000 Sn, and Alphamalt HCC, will be evaluated at varying dosages.

Can palm oil be substituted? A rheological study of fat mixtures.

Due to its distinctive fatty acid makeup, which makes it simple to utilize in various applications, palm oil is one of the most widely used fats in the food business. However, the increased palm oil production is causing global environmental issues, including the loss of rainforests. As a result, companies that use palm oil, particularly the food industry, must hunt for alternate sources of fat that can replace palm oil. Oleogels, which are created from liquid oils, are one of the potential substitutes. Another alternative is to combine solid fat and liquid oil, however, research in this area is scarce. To fill this gap, we used a fully hydrogenized rapeseed oil and sunflower oil mixture in three different ratios for our research. We examined the rheological behavior of the mixtures using oscillatory and rotational viscometry. According to our results, 35% FH rapeseed oil sample yielded results most closely resembling the control palm mid fraction. Our findings show that replacing palm oil with a combination of completely hydrogenated rapeseed oil and sunflower oil is only viable to a limited degree from a rheological point of view.

Formulation and Evaluation of Biopolymer Incorporated Nanogel of Nabumetone

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to improve the solubilization, dissolution rate, and thereby anti-inflammatory activity of the BCS class II drug Nabumetone (NSAID). A solid dispersion (SD) approach with Gelucire 50/13 was used to enhance the solubility. Microwave-induced fusion method was used for the development of SD, as it demonstrated a remarkable increase in the solubility and dissolution rate of pure drugs when compared to traditional solid dispersions. A number of parameters of the SD were evaluated in vitro, including solubility, dissolution, and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectra obtained (FT-IR). The rate of dissolution was inclined to betterment with the drug: polymer ratio 1:0.5 showing drug release 99.60 ± 29. The objective of the work was to evolve a Nanogel for topical delivery of Nabumetone. The emulsification-diffusion method was used to create nanogel using the polymers Carbopol-940, Gelucire-50/13, and triethanolamine as gelling agents. Chitosan was added to the formulation as a biopolymer. Menthol was employed as a penetration enhancer. Using the spontaneous emulsification-diffusion method, six distinct formulations of Nabumetone-loaded Nanogel were successfully created and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, thermodynamic stability, and rheology study. Using a cellophane membrane, the gels were examined for diffusion study further, and drug content, viscosity, spreadability, pH, and clarity were accessed. The formulation F4 batch had the best in-vitro drug release profile, with a 96.04% release rate over 270 minutes. Optimized gel F4 underwent a skin irritation study on Wistar rats and passed the test. The topical application of Nabumetone as Nanogel proved to be an effective approach to drug delivery.

Assessment of Slurry Transport Efficiency after Applying Deflocculant in the Lime Production Process

The paper presents a method for improving the lime production process by increasing the efficiency of the lime slurry transport that occurs in it. The aim of the study was to reduce the energy demand of the pump installed in the discharge line. The presented solution consists of applying an additive called deflocculant to the transported slurry in order to reduce its viscosity while increasing the concentration of solids content. The deflocculant applied to the slurry is composed of waste material from the lime slaking process and an environmentally neutral chemical substance in the form of sodium-water glass. The rheological studies conducted confirm the positive effect of the selected deflocculant on the properties of the slurry tested. As a result of the analysis, it has been shown that the proposed solution has a substantial effect on reducing the friction factor of the transported slurry, thus reducing the energy consumption in the investigated process.

STRUCTURE FORMATION OF IRON-CONTAINING DISPERSIONS OF ORGANOMONTMORYLONITE

The aim of the work is to study the processes of structure formation of organomontmorillonite in iron-containing dispersions by studying the rheological and colloid-chemical properties of such systems. To modify the surface of montmorillonite, a cationic surface-active substance, a quaternary ammonium salt, hexadecyltriammonium bromide, was used. With the help of X-ray diffraction analysis, we confirmed the penetration of molecules of surface-active substances into the interlayer space of the mineral and its increase to 1.86 nm during the modification mineral surfactant/ cation exchange capacity (S/CEC)=1. The analysis of the results of rheological studies showed that the changes in the characteristics of montmorillonite dispersions depending on the concentration of surfactants are extreme and reach a maximum (6.7 Pa) at the degree of modification of the mineral S/CEC=0.3. The high values of ultimate shear stress confirm the formation of a continuous network between the mineral particles with an "edge–face" orientation. When the surfactant content in the system increases, the ultimate shear stress of the suspension gradually decreases and reaches practically zero values. These results lay the foundation for determining the optimal parameters for the synthesis of iron-containing dispersions based on organomontmorillonite. nZVI was obtained by its reduction on the solid surface of organomodified montmorillonite from a solution of iron(II) sulfate salt. X-ray diffraction data confirmed the fixation of nZVI on the surface of organophilized montmorillonite. Analysis of the results of rheological studies showed that changes in the characteristics of dispersions of iron-containing material based on organomontmorillonite depending on the content of nZVI are extreme and reach a maximum at (6.8 Pa) when the iron content in the sorbent is 0.01 mass fraction in the solid phase of the sorbent. When the content of nZVI is increased to 0.05 mass fraction of the solid phase of the sorbent, it is possible to obtain dispersions with high values of ultimate shear stress (3.3 Pa) and clearly expressed hysteresis loops, which indicates the formation of thixotropic structures and confirms the possibility of its use in permeable reaction barriers. Experimental data confirm that with an increase in the content of nZVI above 0.1 mass fraction in the samples, the ultimate stress and plastic viscosity decrease, which leads to the failure of the suspensions. These results lay foundation for determining the optimal parameters of sorbents synthesis and regulation of their properties by changing the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of source systems.

Investigation of Oil in Water Emulsion properties depending on the change of Emulsifiers combinations

Oil in water emulsion formulations as dosage forms for topical application are intended to produce the therapeutic effect in the skin. Their quality features mainly depend on the choice of emulsifying combination composition. This work aimed at establishing a mixture of oil phase, water and combinations of different kinds of emulsifiers to screen factors that affect the quality features of oil in water emulsion cream`s formulations. Eleven formulations were prepared with different ratio of different kinds of emulsifiers by a high temperature method. The emulsions were prepared with oil phase having calculated HLB value range 10.96 and emulsifiers having HLB values ranged from 0.20 to 14.60. The formulated oil in water emulsion compositions were evaluated for physical stability, rheological properties, colloidal and thermodynamic stability, microscopy observation. The results showed that not all formulations were physically stable after 24h storage period. Stable formulations were subjected to rheological properties studies. Some of samples presented the flow which was close to the Newtonian fluid, others showed pseudo-plastic flow type. The results of colloidal and thermodynamic stability evaluations allowed to establish the regularities between the type of the flow and formulations` stability. When varying the ratio of emulsifiers, the total HLB range of the mixture changed, which also affected the dispersion properties of emulsion systems. With certain ratios of emulsifiers the dispersion of the system increased.

Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Based on Pseudo Gemini Surfactant with Polysaccharide Addition.

In the last decade, hydrogels for hydraulic fracturing based on viscoelastic surfactants have been actively studied. Interest in these systems is justified by their unique qualities: good viscoelasticity and the ability to form stable suspensions of proppant or sand, destruction without the formation of bridging agents, hydrophobization of the rock surface and metal of technological equipment, as well as oil-cleaning properties. These qualities are most often provided by a minimum set of components-a surfactant and an electrolyte. However, the absence of a polymer limits the use of these gels in formations where fluid leakoff is possible. In this article, a liquid was studied, based on a pseudo gemini surfactant (PGVES) with the addition of a water-soluble polysaccharide. The objects of study were selected based on the assumption of interactions between PGVES and the polymer; interactions which favorably influence the technological characteristics of the fracturing fluid. To confirm the hypothesis, rheological studies were carried out. These included rotational viscometry and oscillatory studies at various temperatures. The settling velocity of particles of various proppant fractions was studied and tests were carried out to assess fluid leakoff. The performed experiments show an improvement in the characteristics of the PGVES-based gel under the influence of the polysaccharide. In particular, the rheological properties increase significantly, the stability of proppant suspensions improves, and the fluid leakoff of systems decreases, all of which expands the possibility of using these fracturing fluids and makes this area of experimentation promising.

In situ and real-time interfacial rheology and sum frequency generation studies of pale, soft, and exudative-like myosin's hydrophobic interface behavior explained by energy landscapes theory

To disclose the interfacial behavior of proteins, in situ and in real-time degree information to which proteins maintain their original conformation at hydrophobic interfaces is critical. Based on energy landscapes theory, surface hydrophobicity and conformation flexibility in control (native) and pale, soft, and exudative-like (PSE-like (pre-denatured)) myosin at the hydrophobic interface was investigated. When the myosin concentration was lower than the keypoint concentration (Control: 0.05 mg/mL, PSE: 0.1 mg/mL), increasing myosin concentration improved the interfacial diffusion rate (Kdiff) and penetration rate (Kp) at the oil/water interface. Although PSE myosin was easily adsorbed at the interface due to high surface hydrophobicity, hydrophobic aggregation and poor conformation flexibility led to low Kdiff and rearrangement rate (Kr), respectively. According to the sum frequency generation (SFG) results, the proportion of the lost α-helix structures in PSE myosin (from 18.93% to 16.79%) was lower than that in control myosin (from 86.64% to 74.18%) after 3 h at the lipid/water surface in situ and in real-time. The difference in interfacial behaviors between control and PSE myosin may be rely on energy barriers from metastable PSE myosin and different unfolding pathways on energy landscapes between two proteins, supported by SFG. Macroscopically, confocal laser scanning microscopy and backscattering (BS) profiles results showed that unstable PSE myosin-soybean oil emulsion with poor interfacial behavior had a larger droplet size and a higher negative peak of ΔBS than control emulsion, respectively. These results have crucial implications for the regulation of interfacial behavior and emulsion characteristics in proteins with varied denatured states.

Exopolysaccharide from marine microalgae belonging to the Glossomastix genus: fragile gel behavior and suspension stability

ABSTRACT With the aim to find new polysaccharides of rheological interest with innovated properties, rhamnofucans produced as exopolysaccharides (EPS) in a photobioreactor (PBR) and an airlift bioreactor (ABR) by the marine microalgae Glossomastix sp. RCC3707 and RCC3688 were fully studied. Chemical characterizations have been conducted (UHPLC – MS HR). Analyses by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled online with a multiangle light scattering detector (MALS) and a differential refractive index detector showed the presence of large structures with molar masses higher than 106 g.mol−1. The rheological studies of these EPS solutions, conducted at different concentrations and salinities, have evidenced interesting and rare behavior characteristic of weak and fragile hydrogels i.e. gel behavior with very low elastic moduli (between 10−2 and 10 Pa) and yield stresses (between 10−2 and 2 Pa) according to the EPS source, concentration, and salinity. These results were confirmed by diffusing wave spectroscopy. Finally, as one of potential application, solutions of EPS from Glossomastix sp. have evidenced very good properties as anti-settling stabilizers, using microcrystalline cellulose particles as model, studied by multiple light scattering (MLS) with utilization in cosmetic or food industry. Compared to alginate solution with same viscosity for which sedimentation is observed over few hours, microalgae EPS leads to a stable suspension over few days.

Rheological Properties Study of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals Doped by SiO2 Nanoparticles

The present report discusses the development of a novel nano-composite using a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) and inorganic silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the SiO2 nanoparticles on the rheological properties of the PDLC films. In our research described in this paper SiO2 nanoparticle-doped polymer dispersed liquid crystal films were made from a mixture of ethylene glycol phenyl ether methacrylate (EGPEMA) pre-polymer, 4-Cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) liquid crystals (LC) and SiO2 nanoparticles by the polymerization induced phase separation (PIPS) process. Doping the PDLC systems with SiO2 improved the rheological properties of these materials; the percolation (network formation) observed reflected the good interfacial adhesion between the nanoparticles, the polymer matrix and the LC. On the other hand, a decrease in the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of the PDLC systems after addition of the SiO2 nanoparticles confirmed their high flexibility and low crystallinity. A slight increase in G′ at 0.05 wt.% SiO2 resulted in the good mechanical strength of the doped PDLC. The viscoelastic behavior of the doped and undoped PDLC systems was confirmed at high frequencies. Thermal characterization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed a decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PDLC with 0.05 wt.% of SiO2 nanoparticles, which showed that we had a more flexible material.

Dynamically photo-tunable multicolor luminescence of supramolecular gel based on fluorescent gelator and used for information encryption

The ingenious collaboration of photo-isomerized molecules and luminescent gelator can create self-supporting materials used for multi-level and multi-dimensional information encryption. Herein, a supramolecular gel (SDTD) was prepared by using photoluminescent gelator 1,3:2,4-di(benzylidene)-D-sorbitol (DBS), lanthanide ions (Tb3+), as well as reversible photo-isomerized diarylethylene (DTE), and spiropyran (SP) derivative. Rheological studies showed that the prepared SDTD gel possessed good self-supporting ability owing to the 3D network structure formed by DBS aggregates. Additionally, SDTD gel displayed dynamic multicolor luminescence due to the presence of three luminescent centers including DBS, Tb3+, and MC-o (the photoisomer of SP). The luminescent color of SDTD gel can be easily tuned by irradiation wavelengths and time. It was found that a photo-tunable fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurred between Tb3+ and MC-o, Tb3+ and DTE-c (the photoisomer of DTE), the corresponding FRET efficiency was 47 % and 52 %, respectively. The results also indicated that the photo-tunable inner filter effect (IFE) occurred between DBS and DTE-c, DBS and MC-o, respectively, which endowed SDTD gel with dynamically photo-tunable multicolor luminescence capability. SDTD gel has the advantages of simple preparation, low cost, and flexible luminescence regulation. In addition, based on the multicolor luminescence of SDTD gel, a new method of multi-dimensional information encryption was proposed, which shows a potential application in the field of anti-counterfeiting materials.

A library of benzimidazole based amide and urea derivatives as supramolecular gelators – A comparative study

We present a set of alkyl chain functionalized benzimidazole based compounds containing amide and urea functional groups which were screened for their gelation behaviour. Both the sets bear similar molecular scaffolds, making them an excellent tool for determining the role of the supramolecular interactions involved in the gelation process. All the compounds were characterised using physico-chemical techniques like NMR and FT-IR. The gels were subjected to small angle neutron scattering studies (SANS), rheological studies, SEM and FT-IR. In order to rationalize the gelation behaviour, solvent parameter studies were conducted. The results show a dependence on refractive index of solvent, polarizability and dispersion interactions. The respective orientation of amide and conformation in urea based compounds were explored and studied using computational calculations and their corresponding effect on the resulting supramolecular superstructures was scrutinized. The compounds were also explored to act as chemosensor for selective detection of mercuric ions with exceptionally low LOD (limit of detection) values.

Development of bread technology with the use of grain raw materials

Bread made with sourdough is the leader among other baked goods in nutritionist ratings. It is a wonderful source of energy and has a low glycemic index. Making bread using sourdough meets environmental requirements. The use of grain mixtures and their individual components helps to increase the nutritional value of bread and the quality of bread. This paper presents the possibilities of developing bread of nutritional value using sprouted components. The article presents the results of the study. Quality and nutritional value of bread with grain mixtures and components. Organoleptic, physical and chemical, microbiological and rheological studies of semi-finished products and bread of high nutritional value using grain components were carried out. It is proven that the introduction of 28 % of sourdough starter with components from grains, whish were prepared and sprouted in advance, to the mass of flour has a positive effect on the nutritional value of bread.

Rheology of a Liquid Powder for Continuous Casting: The Critical Aspect in Its Technological Application

It is herein considered a new product composed of solid–liquid dispersion of a conveniently formulated continuous casting powder in synthetic oil‐based esters, where hypothetical limit to consider this liquid slurry as a liquid powder is a mix with at least 50% in weight powder load preserving suitable fluidity for effective and stable pumping. After a relatively long and intense industrial application period, one of most critical points when using liquid powder for steel continuous casting proves to be mold feeding. This is mainly because of weird properties of such material which behaves as a non‐Newtonian fluid. A thorough rheological study on samples of liquid powder for continuous casting is carried out. Based on meticulous characterization of a set of laboratory samples, the dispersion flow curve is determined. Most commonly used rheological models are then tested for fitting with the experimental data. Sisko model is identified as the best fitting one. This model is then implemented to derive the system curve describing its behavior under its industrial application conditions. The mathematical process to apply Sisko model and its numerical solutions is explained. The results found are consistent with the field experience of the industrial application of the material under study.

DLP 3D printing of TiO2-doped Al2O3 bioceramics: Manufacturing, mechanical properties, and biological evaluation

Ceramic-based biomaterials are generally produced using conventional manufacturing methods. The traditional manufacturing methods have limitations, such as material loss and a slow production process when creating personalized and complex ceramic implants. These limitations reduce the efficiency and success rate of the product. 3D printers, which are additive manufacturing methods, are a technology that enables tiny and sensitive parts to be produced quickly in the desired design. In the present study, TiO2-doped Al2O3 bioceramic parts with complicated shapes were fabricated using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. Furthermore, the mechanical, structural, and biocompatibility features of these parts were studied. The rheology studies revealed that a slurry with a solid powder loading of 50% had a suitable viscosity for 3D printing. After sintering bioceramic parts, the sintered bodies reduced significantly, with a maximum shrinkage of 41.98%. The relative density of Al2O3 ceramic decreased from 82.02 to 72.72% with 5 wt% TiO2 addition. The XRD results revealed that TiO2-doped Al2O3 bioceramic has three crystalline phases consisting of corundum (α-Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and aluminum pentaoxotitanate (Al2TiO5). By adding 5 wt% TiO2, the compression and flexural strengths of Al2O3 increased to 3.25 to 7.07 MPa and 1.07 to 4.24 MPa, respectively. The biological test results demonstrated a high percentage of cell adhesion and proliferation confirmed by high biocompatibility. The findings show that DLP-3D printing techniques could be used to fabricate ceramics for various applications, including biomedical and dental applications, at low cost.

Microstructure and Thermal and Rheological Properties of Low-Molecular-Mass Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

The microstructure of low-molecular-mass ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers was studied by 1Н and 13С NMR spectroscopy. The vinyl acetate mole fraction, chain branching, and mean lengths of ethylene and vinyl acetate blocks were determined. The thermal properties of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and the crystalline characteristics, by X-ray diffraction analysis. The degree of crystallinity of the copolymer decreases with an increase in the fraction of the polar comonomer. Rheological studies show that ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers at room temperature tend to microphase segregation and form a microphase structural network.

Rheology of novel photosensitive viscoelastic trimeric cationic surfactant/trans‐ortho‐methoxycinnamic acid micellar solutions

AbstractPhotosensitive micellar solutions of mixed surfactants and photosensitive additives have gained much interest. However, there are no reports on photosensitive micellar solutions containing trimeric cationic surfactant. In the study, novel photosensitive viscoelastic micellar solutions consisting of trimeric cationic surfactant (TEC) and trans‐ortho‐methoxycinnamic acid (trans‐OMCA) were investigated. This study utilized rheology, UV–vis spectroscopy, and cryo‐TEM to investigate the photo‐responsive behavior and mechanism of the TEC/trans‐OMCA micellar solutions. Rheological studies revealed that the concentration of TEC and trans‐OMCA, as well as temperature, significantly affected the viscoelastic properties of the micellar solutions. Furthermore, the Carreau and Maxwell models might be used to characterize the flow curves and viscoelasticity of the micellar solutions, respectively. Notably, TEC/trans‐OMCA micellar solutions exhibited excellent light‐induced thinning characteristic, with the optimal performance at a mass ratio of φ = 0.5. After UV irradiation, the zero‐shear viscosity of TEC/trans‐OMCA (0.6/0.3 wt%) micellar solution was reduced by 352 times, while the viscoelasticity and the area of hysteresis loops were significantly reduced. This drastic change in the rheological characteristics of the micellar solutions could be attributed to the photoisomerization of trans‐OMCA and the resulting changes in the internal microstructure of the solutions. Moreover, the viscosity of the micellar solutions diminished as the temperature increased, with the remaining viscosity of the TEC/trans‐OMCA (1.0/0.5 wt%) micellar solution at 36.4 mPa s at 95°C. This study expands on the potential utilization of oligomeric surfactants in the construction of photorheological viscoelastic fluids.

Experimental Investigations on Thermophysical, Tribological and Rheological Properties of MoS2 and WS2 Based Nanolubricants with Castor Oil as Base Lubricant

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanoparticles addition to castor oil produce nano lubricants of novel properties. These nanomaterial additives are dispersed thoroughly in the liquid phase and are intended to boost the base fluid's thermo-physical, rheological, and tribological properties. All these properties have been studied by varying concentrations of nanoparticles from 0.05 to 2.5%. The size of both nanoparticles are in the range of <20nm. The density of nano lubricants was found to change with respect to nanoparticle concentration and temperature. The density increases from 0.06 to 0.6% with respect to the increase in concentration and decreases by 4%, for increasing temperature from 25 to 100 o C. A significant (15 %) increase in thermal conductivity with MoS2 nanoparticles in lubricants could be observed while with WS2 nanoparticles only 8 % enhancement was observed. The rheological study suggests that nano lubricants have better dynamic viscosity and shear stress than neat castor oil. A tribology study showed improved lubrication properties of the nanolubricants as compared with base castor oil. The addition of MoS2 and WS2 nanoparticles in castor oil decreased the friction coefficient by 53 % and 42 %, respectively, and reduced the wear scar diameter by 24% and 20 %, respectively, as compared to base castor oil. This study was done to develop nonedible vegetable oil based nanolubricants exploring their potential as emerging lubricants.

Design, Development and in Vitro Characterization of Emulgels Loaded with Fluconazole Solid Dispersion and Various Oils for Synergestic Anti-Fungal Effect

Topical Fungal Infections are the most common types of skin infections. Nearly a billion people are suffering from fungal infections of different types. Early accurate diagnosis and treatments may lead to complete cure of such infections, which if left untreated may lead to deadly results. Our current Research topic includes designing of antifungal emulgels that contain oil base which already has proven its efficacy against fungal infections and Fluconazole as the main active ingredients. Three oils were selected namely Tea tree oil, Neem oil and Lemon grass oil. To enhance the efficacy of BCS class II drug fluconazole, solid dispersions of the drug were prepared(F1-F6). Twelve formulations (EGF1-EGF12) containing various combination of oils, gelling agents, API, Aloe vera gel were prepared. Which were then evaluated and characterized for properties like drug content, Rheological study, spread ability, Drug release, pH, stability analysis etc. Among all the formulations EGF2 and EGF5 showed optimum results for drug content and drug release kinetics. The Best selected formulations were then compared with marketed gel formulation of Fluconazole and were kept for stability study analysis. Preformulation studies of the drug, preparation of solid dispersions, incorporation of these solid dispersions into emulgels and characterization of prepared emulgels by comparing with marketed formulations are the main key points of our Research work.

Design of a tulobuterol patch with improved mechanical properties: effect of transdermal permeation enhancers on the release process of metal ligand-based acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives.

The aim of this study was to design a tulobuterol (TUL) patch with good penetration behavior and mechanical properties. Particular attention was paid to the effect of transdermal permeation enhancers on the release process of metal ligand-based acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (AA-NAT/Fe3+). The type and dosage of the enhancers were screened by in vitro transdermal penetration in rat skin. The optimized formulation was evaluated in a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism by which Azone (AZ) improves the release rate of TUL from AA-NAT/Fe3+ was investigated by FT-IR, shear strength test, rheological study, and molecular simulation. As a result, the optimized formula using AA-NAT/Fe3+ showed better mechanical properties compared to commercial products. Meanwhile, the AUC0-t and Cmax of the optimized patch were 1045 ± 89ng/mL·h and 106.8 ± 28.5ng/mL, respectively, which were not significantly different from those of the commercial product. In addition, AZ increased the mobility of the pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) rather than decreasing the drug-PSA interaction, which was the main factor in enhancing TUL release from the patch. In conclusion, a TUL transdermal drug delivery patch was successfully developed using metal-coordinated PSA, and a reference was provided for the design of metal-coordinated acrylic PSA for transdermal patch delivery applications.