Rheological Properties Of Bitumen Research Articles

Investigation of ultraviolet aging resistance of bitumen modified by layered double hydroxides with different particle sizes

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different particle sizes (75 nm, 115 nm, 180 nm and 300 nm which were marked with LDHs-75, LDHs-115, LDHs-180 and LDHs-300) were characterized by scanning electron microscope, UV–vis reflection and absorption spectrophotometer and laser scatter meter. Furthermore, this paper investigated the influence of LDHs with different particle sizes on the rheological properties of bitumen before and after ultraviolet aging by temperature susceptibility test, dynamic shear rheometer test (DSR) and IR spectra test (FTIR). The researches reveal that LDHs-180 hold the strongest UV shielding performance. The temperature susceptibility of pristine bitumen and LDHs-75, LDHs-115, LDHs-180, LDHs-300 modified bitumen after aging decreased by 9.01%, 6.36%, 3.98%, 2.15% and 5.49%, respectively, which indicate LDHs-180 is more beneficial to weaken the decrease of bitumen temperature susceptibility after aging. Similarly, LDHs-180 modified bitumen show less variation in rheological properties than other bitumen samples after aging. This implies that LDHs-180 could mitigate the influences of UV aging on the rheological properties of bitumen more availably. In addition, the FTIR analysis further shows that the carbonyl and sulfoxide index of LDHs-180 modified bitumen is the smallest after aging, which indicates LDHs-180 is more helpful for improving bitumen anti-UV aging properties than that of LDHs-75, LDHs-115 and LDHs-300.

Characterization of crumb tire rubber lightly pyrolyzed in waste cooking oil and the properties of its modified bitumen

Crumb tire rubber (CTR) is one of the most common bitumen modifiers used to improve bitumen rheological properties. However, the rubberized bitumen has shown poor storage stability and workability in the application which affect the service performance of the pavement. This work investigated the feasibility of application of waste rubber/oil (WRO) produced by light pyrolysis of CTR in waste cooking oil as a bitumen modifier. The chemical properties, thermal behaviors and reaction process of WRO were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and TGA/DSC synchronous thermal analysis. The thermodynamic parameters of WRO were calculated by TGA/DTG data, and the thermal stability of WRO was analyzed. The storage stability, physical and rheological properties of WRO modified bitumen and rubberized bitumen were evaluated by separation test, conventional tests and rheological tests, respectively. Results show that, the chain scission and depolymerization occur in the cross-linked network structure of CTR after light pyrolysis, which result in the reduction of rubber hydrocarbon content in gel CTR and the molecular weight of CTR. Natural rubber appears in the sol of the lightly pyrolyzed CTR, and the content of the oxygen-containing functional groups in the sol increases. The thermal behaviors of WRO become complicated, and thermal stability is enhanced from the apparent active energy. Compared to rubberized bitumen, the storage stability, plasticity at low temperature and workability of WRO modified bitumen are greatly improved. However, the resistance to rutting and deformation at high temperature become worse. Further study will be conducted to enhance the high temperature performance with additional additives.

Effects of different bitumen modifiers on the rutting and cracking resistance of hot mix asphalts

ABSTRACTIn this study, four different additives (Styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA), Iranian Gilsonite (IG) and American Gilsonite (AG)) were used in bitumen modification. The rheological properties of bitumen were improved with the additive usage, and the desired performance grade (PG 70-34) was achieved by using additives in pure bitumen (PG 58-34) at the indicated ratios. Wheel tracking tests and semi-circular bending tests were applied for hot mix asphalt (HMA) samples. The main results showed that all the additives increased resistance to permanent deformation of HMAs, and that TLA was the most effective additive. In addition, it was found from the semi-circular bending tests that deformation values of mixtures prepared with modified bitumens and subjected to long-term ageing decreased. As a result, long-term aged and modified bitumen mixtures exhibited more brittle behaviour. The increase in maximum load values led to an increase in the area under the load-strain curves. Thus, crack propagation resistance of mixtures prepared with modified binders was increased.

Effect of Layered Double Hydroxides with Different Particle Size on Properties of Bitumen

The crystal structure, microscopic morphology, particle size distribution and UV shielding properties of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different particle size were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser particle size analysis and ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer. The effects of LDHs with different particle size on the physical, rheological properties and UV aging resistance of bitumen were investigated by conventional physical properties and dynamic rheological characteristics. The results indicated that the particle size of LDHs had a little effect on the physical properties, and it had some influence on rheological properties of bitumen, but its influence on the UV aging resistance of bitumen was different significantly. When UV aging time was 9d, the viscosity aging indexes of bitumen modified by LDHs with different particle size (80nm, 115nm and 180nm) decreased by 48.2%, 58.1% and 63.8% compared with the pristine bitumen, respectively. LDHs with the particle size of 180 nm showed better improvement than other two kinds of LDHs on UV aging resistance of bitumen.

Effects of Different Aging Methods on Chemical and Rheological Properties of Bitumen

AbstractBitumen undergoes ageing, which leads to changes in its chemical and rheological properties, causing it to become harder and more brittle with time. This study aims to compare the effects o...

Evaluating the Rheological Properties of Waste Natural Rubber Latex Modified Binder

Road surface is designed to be the durable surface material to sustain the traffic loading. However, due to physical and mechanical stress, pavement deterioration is accelerated. Thus, modifying conventional bitumen by improving its properties is seen as the best method to prolong pavement in-service life. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of waste natural rubber (NR) latex on rheological properties of bitumen. Conventional bitumen PEN 80/100 was modified with different content of waste NR latex using a high shear mixer at temperature of 150°C. The modified binder properties were characterized by conducting physical test (i.e. softening point, penetration and penetration index) and rheological test (i.e. dynamic shear rheometer, DSR). Results showed that, the addition of waste NR latex improved the rheology properties, which indicates by improving of rutting factor (G*/sin δ). This properties improvement has also shows a potential to resist deformation on road surface despite of high traffic loading.

Effect of ultraviolet radiation in different wavebands on bitumen

Most researchers ignored the differences of spectrum of ultraviolet (UV) lamp when ageing bitumen. The effects of different wavebands of UV radiation on bitumen are studied in this paper. DSR results indicated that rheological properties of bitumen are not closely related to the ageing time when sample thickness is 1.13 mm. FTIR results illustrated that reactive sulfur atoms are completely oxidized before carbon atoms. Furthermore, the ageing effect on bitumen is highest with UV radiation ranging from 300 to 350 nm, medium with UV radiation ranging from 260 to 300 nm and lowest with UV radiation ranging from 350 to 400 nm. Consequently, different types of UV lamp give rise to different ageing effects on bitumen.

Effects of nanocharcoal coconut-shell ash on the physical and rheological properties of bitumen

Bitumen properties which correspond to high resistance to traffic and temperature are the prime requirements in prolonging the pavement life. To achieve these requirements, nanoscale materials are considered as potential candidates to increase pavement life. Therefore, to fulfill the need for sustainable structures, this research focused on nanosized (1–100 nm) charcoal from coconut-shell waste as an additive in bitumen. Particle-size analysis and transmission electron microscopy indicated that 15 h of ball-mill grinding produced nanocharcoal ash (NCA) with an average size of 57.7 nm. Then, 0% (control), 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6%, or 7.5% NCA by weight of bitumen PEN 60/70 was added. Penetration, softening point, viscosity, ductility, and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests were performed to investigate the physical and rheological properties of the modified bitumen. Rolling thin film oven and pressure aging vessel tests were used to simulate the aging properties of the bitumen. Results showed that NCA decreased the penetration and increased the softening point of the bitumen, whereas viscosity increased with increased NCA percentage. High rutting and cracking resistance at failure temperatures of 76 and 22 °C, respectively, in the modified bitumen were revealed by the DSR test. Notably, 6% NCA was the optimum content that can improve rutting and cracking resistance.

Performance of macro clay on the porous asphalt mixture properties

Porous asphalt pavement already well known as one type of pavement since many decades, however due to lack in strength it is not been widely used in road construction especially in high stresses areas. Many research had been conducted by researchers in order to improve the durability and increase the service life of the road. One of the methods that commonly used is through asphalt modification. Objectives of this study are to discuss influence of macro-clay in terms of physical and rheological properties and their effect on performance of porous asphalt mixture. Various percentage of macro-clay (starting from 2% to 8%) was blended in an asphalt binder and compacted using the Marshall compactor. The blended asphalt was characterized using penetration, softening point test and penetration index compared with unmodified binder. Performance tests of asphalt mixture were carried out such as Los Angeles Abrasion Value (LAAV) and Stability and Flow test in order to determine the strength and durability. The results show that the addition of macro-clay would increase in softening point but decrease in binder penetration. Based on the results, while macro-clay changes physical and rheological properties of bitumen and increase stiffness, it also improves strength and durability resistance, as well. Generally, the best improvements in the modified binders were obtained with 4% of macro-clay.

Evaluation of Foaming Performance of Bitumen Modified with the Addition of Surface Active Agent

The article presents the analysis of the performance of foamed bitumen modified using surface active agents. Although, bitumen foaming permits production of asphalt concrete and other asphalt mix types without using chemical additives in significantly reduced temperatures, the decrease in processing temperatures still impacts the adhesion performance and bitumen coating of aggregates in final mixes. Therefore, in some cases it may be feasible to incorporate adhesion promoters and surface active agents into warm and half-warm mixes with foamed bitumen to increase their service life and resilience. Because of the various nature of the available surface active agents, varying bitumen compatibility and their possible impact on the rheological properties of bitumen, the introduction of surface active agents may significantly alter the bitumen foaming performance. The tests included basic performance tests of bitumen before and after foaming. The two tested bitumen were designated as 35/50 and 50/70 penetration grade binders, which were modified with a surface active agent widely used for improving mixture workability, compactibility and adhesion in a wide range of asphalt mixes and techniques, specifically Warm Mix Asphalt. Alongside to the reference unmodified bitumen, binders with 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% surface active agent concentration were tested. The analysis has shown a positive influence of the modifier on the foaming performance of both of the base bitumen increasing their maximum expansion ratio and bitumen foam halflife. In the investigations, it was found that the improvement was dependent on the bitumen type and modifier content. The improved expansion ratio and foam half-life has a positive impact on the aggregate coating and adhesion, which together with the adhesion promoting action of the modifier will have a combined positive effect on the quality of produced final asphalt mixes.

Rutting behavior of hot mix asphalt modified by polyvinyl chloride powder

ABSTRACTIn this experiment, at first, waste polyvinyl chloride was used as an additive in an attempt to improve the performance of bitumen and hot mix asphalt (HMA) in order to minimize the amount of rutting. To further these aims, conventional and rheological tests were conducted on bitumen and all HMA specimens were tested by Marshall stability, flow, and repeated load axial tests. After investigating rutting resistance of HMA samples, the results demonstrated that this waste material could improve the rheological properties of bitumen, and the HMA samples, manufactured by this particular type of bitumen, are more resistant to rutting.

Effect of inorganic ultraviolet resistance nanomaterials on the physical and rheological properties of bitumen

The influence of the inorganic nano ultraviolet (UV) resistance materials, including organo-montmorillonite (OMMT), layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and carbon black (CB), on the physical and rheological properties of bitumen was investigated by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), penetration, ductility, softening point and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests. The effects of the factors such as micromorphology, specific surface area, pH value and content of inorganic nano UV resistance materials were explored. In this study, these inorganic nano UV resistance materials were mixed with bitumen by melt-blending, and the content was selected from 0 to 10wt% which was consistent with the actual contents in bitumen. The results showed that these materials increased the softening point and complex modulus (G∗) of bitumen, and reduced penetration, ductility and phase angle of bitumen. OMMT showed the most obvious hardening effect followed by CB and lastly LDHs. Higher contents of the materials increased the stiffness and elastic of bitumen. Specific surface area and pH of nanomaterials had no significant correlation to performance. The hardening effect of the inorganic nano UV resistance materials modified bitumen was mainly dependent on the microstructure of the inorganic nanomaterials in bitumen and its contact area with bitumen.

Effect of Charcoal Ash Coconut Shell from Waste Material at Different Size on the Physical Properties of Bitumen

Environmental pollution caused by abundant wastes from agricultural activities has increased in recent years because of increased productivity. Agricultural waste recycling has been employed to solve this problem. Coconut shell charcoal (CSC) ash is a by-product of coconut shell (CS) used as a bitumen modifier to enhance the properties of the binder. This study investigated the effect of fineness charcoal ash from CS on the rheological properties of bitumen. Penetration, softening point, and viscosity tests were performed to determine the properties of the binder. Laboratory simulation of aging called rolling thin film oven test was applied in this study. CSC at different sizes (< 75μm, 75–150μm, and 150–300μm) was added to replace bitumen 60/70 PEN at 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of the binder, respectively. Result showed that the bitumen became more viscous and that the softening point of bitumen increased, whereas the rate of penetration decreased when CSC was incorporated. CSC at a proper amount improved the resistance of bitumen to temperature susceptibility. In addition, the modification of bitumen can relieve the effect of aging. Modified bitumen shows better result when incorporated with the finest particle (< 75μm) of CSC compared with other sizes.

Assessment of mechanical properties of rice husk ash modified asphalt mixture

Using rice husk ash (RHA), as a waste byproduct of rice milling, in bituminous roadways provides valuable advantages such as reduction of environmental degradation, lowering construction costs and saving natural resources. However, there are limited numbers of studies on application of this material in asphalt mixture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of RHA as an asphalt modifier on hot mix asphalt. Bitumen blends with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% RHA modifier. For evaluation of the rheological properties of asphalt binders, various tests including penetration grade, ductility, softening point, rotational viscosity and dynamic shear rheometer were conducted. Also, the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures including Marshall stability, stiffness modulus, rutting resistance and fatigue behavior were assessed. The results showed that the rheological properties of bitumen were enhanced by adding RHA. Furthermore, RHA modification had positive impacts on the Marshall stability, stiffness modulus, rutting strength and fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures.

Effects of Waste Plastic on the Physical and Rheological Properties of Bitumen

Plastic disposal is one of the major problems for developing countries like Malaysia, at the same time Malaysia needs a large network of roads for its smooth economic and social development. The limited source of bitumen needs a deep thinking to ensure fast road construction. Therefore, the use of plastic waste in road construction not only can help to protect environment but also able to help the road construction industry. The aims of this research are to study the effects of waste plastic on rheological properties of bitumen. Modified bitumen was prepared by using blending techniques. Bitumen was heated and plastic waste was slowly added. Rheological properties of bitumen were performance by penetration, softening point, viscosity and direct shear rheometer test. The results showed that when content of plastic waste increase, the penetration value, softening point and viscosity of bitumen also increase. Generally, plastic waste improves the performance of bitumen when it was added into bitumen. It can be said that the usage helps to improve the performance of the road pavement which also reduces the rutting effect.

Effect of surface organic modified layered double hydroxide on UV ageing resistance of bitumen

ABSTRACTLayered double hydroxide (LDH) was surface organic modified by γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) and applied to improve UV ageing resistance of bitumen. KH560 has been successfully grafted to the surface of LDH according to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Then, the effect of KH560 surface modified LDH (KH560-LDH) and LDH on physical and rheological properties of bitumen were thoroughly investigated. The results showed that KH560-LDH existed more stably in bitumen and KH560-LDH-modified bitumen possessed better high-temperature performance compared with LDH. After UV ageing, the properties of bitumen became worse obviously. Compared with LDH, KH560-LDH exhibited better improvement on UV ageing resistance of bitumen.

Investigating the Efficacy of a Bio-Based Modifier to Improve the Rheological Properties of Recycled Asphalt Shingles

This study investigates the use of Bio-Binder, derived from swine manure, as an additive to improve rheological properties of bitumen extracted from recycled asphalt shingles. Test results show that adding Bio-Binder to Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS) leads to reduced viscosity, modulus shear complex G*, relaxation time RT and segregation. Results illustrated that the derived Bio-Binder additive can remove the negative impact of oxidation and rejuvenate bitumen extracted from recycled asphalt shingles.

Effect of SBR/NC on the Rheological Properties of Bitumen and Fatigue Resistance of Hot Mix Asphalt

AbstractBitumen is an organic substance widely used in laying highway pavement because of factors like cost, availability, curing time, and environmental effects. Given improper design of pavements...

The effect of warm additive on the properties and behavior of an asphalt binder

ABSTRACTUse of warm asphalt mix has been recently receiving a great attention because it allows decreasing production and distribution temperatures about 30–40°C by either reducing bitumen viscosity or enhancing mixture performance. These mixes also have other advantages such as a low pollution, reduced fuel consumption, and more implementation seasons. Despite these benefits, there is a constant concern about the performance of these mixes under the conditions such as permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature cracking. In the present study, two types of bitumen modifiers including liquid additive and Sasobit were used to adjust rheological properties of bitumen. After conducting the required tests on bitumen specimens prepared using these two additives and comparing the results obtained from two common and Strategic Highway Research Program tests under aged and nonaged conditions, it was revealed that, considering the viscosity of bitumen, these additives improve bitumen performance at ambient temperatures. Besides, the results indicate the improvement in rutting criteria (G*/sinδ) and fatigue criterion (G*×sinδ).

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN MODIFIED WITH A COMBINATION OF FT PARAFFIN WAX (SASOBIT®) AND OTHER ADDITIVES

Fischer–Tropsch paraffin Sasobit® is a popular Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) modifier applied to improve physi­cal and rheological properties of bitumen. Although there are a number of studies investigating the effects of sasobit on bitumen properties, little has been carried out on evaluation of bitumen modified by sasobit along with other additives. In this study, sasobit modified bitumen is used as the base condition and four common modifiers namely anti-stripping agent, Crumb Rubber (CR), Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene (SBS) and Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) are added separately to the FT – Wax modified bitumen to evaluate the compatibility of these additives with sasobit. Morphological, rheological and physical properties of modified binders are studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scan­ning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) alongside with conventional tests. Results show that although anti-stripping agent reduce bitumen viscosity and mixing/compac­tion temperatures of asphalt mixtures, it has significantly increased the stiffness of sasobit modified bitumen at low temperatures. Among all, sasobit and crumb rubber combination exhibited the best performance, especially at low and intermediate temperatures.