Frangula Alnus Research Articles

Effects of Benomyl and Thiabendazole on Growth of Several Plant Species1

Abstract Benomyl and thiabendazole (TBZ) fungicides incorporated into soil greatly depressed the growth of seedlings of American elm (Ulmus americana L.), marigold (Tagetes sp.), buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula L.), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), and, to a lesser degree, silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.). Both chemicals were phytotoxic to sycamore. Pepper (Capsicum sp.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), were less sensitive than the other species when grown in benomyl-treated soil. The growth of corn (Zea mays L.) and that of pea (Pisum sativum L.) were not affected. The growth of turfgrass was stimulated by benomyl. Neither benomyl nor TBZ affected the time of seed germination of American elm and marigold. Seedlings of these species, when transplanted to unamended soil, resumed normal growth. The activity of benomyl that had been incorporated into air-dried soil for 10 months was still high, but less than its activity in a fresh mix.

Untersuchungen über anthrachinon-glykoside aus Rhamnus frangula L., III. 6-O-(ᴅ-apiofuranosyl)-1.6.8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-anthrachinon, ein neues glykosid (Frangulin B) aus der rinde von Rhamnus frangula L. / Investigations of the anthrachinone-glycosides from Rhamnus frangula L., III. 6-O-(ᴅ-Apiofuranosyl)-1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-anthrachinone, a New Glycoside (Frangulin B) from the Bark of Rhamnus frangula L.

From the bark of Rhamnus frangula L. by polyamide chromatography a new anthrachinone-glycoside was isolated and structurally elucidated as 6-O-(ᴅ-Apiofuranosyl)-1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-anthrachinone.

Untersuchungen an Viren der Zier- und Wildgehölze: 8. Mitt.: Neue Befunde an Forsythia, Hydrangea und Philadelphus sowie Viren und Virosen an Rhamnus, Centaurea, Galvezia, Cistus, Forestiera, Abeliophyllum, Celastrus, Staphylea und Crambe

Summary The following spontaneously appearing combinations of viruses and woody plants not known until now were found: tomato black ring virus in Forsythia intermedia, Forestiera acuminata, Abeliophyllum distichum, and Celastrus orbiculatus; arabis mosaic and tomato black ring viruses in complex in Staphylea trifolia; tobacco rattle virus alone or in complex with arabis mosaic virus in Hydrangea aspera var. strigosa; elm mottle virus in Philadelphus spec; cucumber mosaic virus in Centaurea canariensis var. subexpinnata and C. arbutifolia; cucumber mosaic and broad bean wilt viruses (the latter is identical with nasturtium ringspot virus) in complex in Centaurea canariensis and C. webbiana; broad bean wilt virus in Galvezia speciosa; alfalfa mosaic virus in Cistus populifolius and C. monspeliensis; cabbage black ring virus in Crambe strigosa var. gigantea; an unidentified, only graft-transmissible virus in Rhamnus frangula. New for Europe is the demonstration of cucumber mosaic virus in Rhamnus cathartica. The viruses were transmitted onto herbaceous test plants mechanically, in case of some aphidtransmissible viruses also by vectors and then identified by the aid of antisera. Alfalfa mosaic virus was only detected by direct serological investigations of leaves of diseased Cistus: The syndromes observed on the spontaneously infected woody plants are described. Numerous new experimental hosts of elm mottle and broad bean wilt viruses as well as their reactions are mentioned.

A second pathway leading to anthraquinones in higher plants

The biosynthesis of chrysophanol (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone) and emodin (1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone) has been studied in Rhamnus frangula and Rumex alpinus. Degradation of both anthraquinones after feeding 1- 14C-acetate and 2- 14C-acetate showed that these compounds are derived from acetate by linear combination. 14C-Shikimate and 14C-mevalonate were not incorporated.

Dry Matter Production by Ilex Aquifolium L. in the New Forest

have been described by Peterken & Tubbs (1965), who show that the extensive stands of understorey and scrub holly developed during the last half of the nineteenth century. The scrub, which generally forms a closed canopy, usually contains a minority of other species, e.g. yew (Taxus baccata), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), crab apple (Malus sylvestris) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), whilst the understorey, although rarely containing species other than holly, forms a closed canopy in only a few woods. Nevertheless, it is possible to find pure stands of holly forming closed canopies in both understorey and scrub; the present study has been made on five such stands.

The Byron Bog in Southwestern Ontario

The Byron Bog lies within the city limits of the City of London in southwestern Ontario. It is a relic bog lying about 300 miles south of the forested region of Ontario in which bogs are prevalent. It lies in the northern border of the Carolinian Zone.The wooded slopes around the bog include trees characteristic of southern Ontario, including White Elm, Bur Oak, Hackberry, Silver Maple, Black Cherry and Choke Cherry. The slopes encircle a zone of damp woods with Alder Buckthorn, White Pine, White Birch, Larch, Black Spruce with an undergrowth of Purple Chokeberry, Huckleberry, Blueberry and Leather-leaf.

Untersuchungen an Viren der Zier‐und Wildgehölze

Journal of PhytopathologyVolume 46, Issue 1 p. 17-52 Untersuchungen an Viren der Zier-und Wildgehölze 1. Mitteilung Virosen an Viburum und Ribes K. Schmelzer, K. Schmelzer Aus dem Institut für Phytopathologie Aschersleben der Biologischen Zentralanstalt der Deutschen Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften Zu Berlin Direktor: Prof. Dr. M. KlinkowskiSearch for more papers by this author K. Schmelzer, K. Schmelzer Aus dem Institut für Phytopathologie Aschersleben der Biologischen Zentralanstalt der Deutschen Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften Zu Berlin Direktor: Prof. Dr. M. KlinkowskiSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1963 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1963.tb02055.xCitations: 15 Mit 8 Abbildungen AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume46, Issue1January 1963Pages 17-52 RelatedInformation

Nitrogen Fixation in Non-Legume Root Nodule Plants

IT has been shown1–3 that fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is associated with nodule-bearing plants of alder (Alnus glutinosa), bog myrtle (Myrica gale) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), enabling the plants to grow in a rooting medium free of combined nitrogen just as in the case of legumes. This is well illustrated by Fig. 1, which shows plants of sea buckthorn from a recent experiment. There are, of course, other non-legume root nodule plants, but those named, together with related species, are the examples occurring in northern countries.

Grauballemandens fundsted

Grauballemandens fundsted

THE HARVESTING OF ALDER BUCKTHORN (RHAMNUS FRANGVLA) AND THE EFFECT ON THE INSECT FAUNA

Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General EntomologyVolume 17, Issue 10-12 p. 112-112 THE HARVESTING OF ALDER BUCKTHORN (RHAMNUS FRANGVLA) AND THE EFFECT ON THE INSECT FAUNA G. Fox-Wilson N.D.H., F.R.E.S., G. Fox-Wilson N.D.H., F.R.E.S.Search for more papers by this author G. Fox-Wilson N.D.H., F.R.E.S., G. Fox-Wilson N.D.H., F.R.E.S.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1942 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1942.tb00483.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume17, Issue10-12December 1942Pages 112-112 RelatedInformation

NOTE ON THE LARVAE OF METREA OSTREONALIS (PYRAUSTINAE, LEPID.)

In the latter part of July 1929 I found several unknown Pyralid larvae tying up the leaves of a shrub of Rhamnus frangula Linn. (indentification by Dr. M. O. Malte, Botanist in the Victoria Museum, Ottawa) in the vicinity of Fulford, Que. The web formed was an untidy sort of affair mixed with dead leaves and excrement, and each web contained only a single larva.

A Reinvestigation of the Proximate Composition of Rhamnus Frangula

A Reinvestigation of the Proximate Composition of Rhamnus Frangula

Die Fossile Flora der Höttinger Breccie

THE Höttinger Breccia is a formation about 50 feet thick in the neighbourhood of Innsbrück, and situated about 1200 metres above sea-level. The upper part consists of about 35 feet of coarse conglomerate, with fossils chiefly confined to a bed some 3 feet thick, while the remainder is occupied by alternating beds a foot or two in thickness of white or reddish sandstones and breccias, which are for the most part very fossiliferous. It has been well known to collectors of fossil plants for upwards of thirty years, and though at first regarded as of tertiary age, is now uniformly recognised as quarternary, possibly inter-glacial, or more probably post-glacial. The lower part is characterised by the occurrence of many herbaceous plants, such as the violet, strawberry, coltsfoot, Prunella, &c., which are replaced above to some extent by Cornus sanguinea, Rhamnus Frangula, an alder, willow, &c., indicating, perhaps, a change in the forest growth without necessarily implying any considerable interval of time. The flora is almost wholly of existing species, and in the main does not differ essentially from that which might be found in a similar situation at the present day; but six of the species no longer flourish at such an altitude, and a few others, like the box, are absent in Northern Tyrol, while there are also indications in the relative sizes of the leaves of others that the climate was milder. Perhaps the Alps were less elevated and the sea nearer at the time, but interest is given to the problem by the undoubted presence of Rhododendron ponticum, which at present only flourishes in a much warmer climate far to the east, but, from its discovery in other localities, was evidently thoroughly indigenous in the Alps. The author regards the flora as a relic of the “steppe-flora” which then spread over the greater part of Europe, and of which numerous traces still exist, especially in Switzerland and Lower Austria, where plants of Oriental facies, such as the yew, box, holly, Ephedra, Sumach, hornbeam, feather-grass, maidenhair, &c., are its lingering remains. Die Fossile Flora der Höttinger Breccie. By R. von Wettstein. With 7 plates. (Vienna: Imperial Printing Office, 1892.)

Societies and Academies

LONDON. Chemical Society, December 19, 1889.—Dr. W. J. Russell, F.R. S., in the chair.—The following papers were read:—Frangulin, by Prof. T. E. Thorpe, F.R.S., and Mr. H. H. Robinson. The authors prepared the glucoside frangulin from the bark of the alder buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula), and find its formula to be C22H22O9. On hydrolysis it yields a yellow product, C15H10O5, which agrees in its properties with emodin, and a sugar which has the power of reducing Fehling's solution, and is not identical with dextrose.—Arabinon, the saccharon of arabinose, by Mr. C. O'Sullivan, F. R. S. The substance having an optical activity “well above [a]i = 140,” obtained by the author by the hydrolysis of arabic acid, and described under the name of a-arabinose (Chem. Soc. Trans., 1884, 55), yields arabinose on hydrolysis, and appears to bear to this carbohydrate a relation similar to that which saccharon (cane sugar) bears to dextrose: the author therefore terms it arabinon. It has the formula C10H18O9, and on hydrolysis gives a yield of arabinose agreeing very closely with that required by the equation C10H18O9 + H2O = 2C5H10O5. As yet it has not been obtained in a crystalline state; it has a specific rotatory power of [a]D I98°˙8, and 100 parts have the same cuprie reducing power as 58˙8 parts of dextrose.—On the identity of cerebrose and galactose, by Mr. H. T. Brown, F.R.S., and Dr. G. H. Morris. The authors give the results of an examination of a specimen of cerebrose, prepared from phrenosin, which was placed in their hands early in 1888 by Dr. Thudichum, who first isolated and crystallized this substance. They show that its specific rotatory power, cupric reducing power, and molecular weight as determined by Raoult's method, are identical with those of galactose, thus confirming the recent work of Thierfelder, Zeit. Physiol. Chem., 14, 209) who has proved the sugar produced by the action of acid on cerebrin to be identical with galactose. In the discussion which followed the reading of the paper, Dr. Thudichum said that phrenosin, C41H79NO8, consisted of the sugar now shown to be identical with galactose, C6H12O6, of neurostearic acid, C18H36O2, an isomeride of stearic acid, fusing at 84°, and of sphingosine, an alkaloid of the formula C17H35NO2. Some human brains contained as much as 4 per cent. of phrenosin in addition to other glucosides. The crystallized sugar (galactose) from phrenosin was always accompanied by an almost equal weight of uncrystallizable sugar, of which the nature was not yet ascertained.—The action of chloroform and alcoholic potash on hydrazines, Part 3, by Dr. S. Ruhemann. The products formed by the action of chloroform and alcoholic potash on hydrazines are to be regarded as derivatives of tetrazine,; and in the present communication the author describes the di-paratolyl,-orthotolyl, and -pseudocumyl derivatives of this base (cf. Chem. Soc. Trans., 1889, 242).

17. Rhamnus Frangula as a Substitute for Castor Oil

17. Rhamnus Frangula as a Substitute for Castor Oil

Ueber einen neuen gelben Farbstoff in der Faulbaum‐Wurzelrinde (Rhamnus Frangula)

Journal für Praktische ChemieVolume 59, Issue 1 p. 343-345 Article Ueber einen neuen gelben Farbstoff in der Faulbaum-Wurzelrinde (Rhamnus Frangula) Prof. Dr. L. A. Buchner, Prof. Dr. L. A. BuchnerSearch for more papers by this author Prof. Dr. L. A. Buchner, Prof. Dr. L. A. BuchnerSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1853 https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.18530590140AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume59, Issue11853Pages 343-345 RelatedInformation