Negative Rh Research Articles

Frequency of ABO/Rhesus Blood Groups in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

The correlation between ABO/Rh blood groups and diabetes mellitus is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ABO/Rhesus blood groups and diabetes in Turkish population. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Istanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Education and Training Hospital's Diabetes Units. The study group was composed of 421 patients with type-1 diabetes, 484 patients with type-2 diabetes and 432 controls. Blood samples were collected and tested for ABO/Rhesus blood groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 17.0. A significant association was found between blood groups and diabetes mellitus. The frequency of AB blood group was significantly higher in type-1 diabetics; and A blood group was significantly higher in type-2 diabetics. Furthermore, Rh negativity were significantly more frequent in type-2 diabetics.

The modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for miscarriage

Background Miscarriage is a failed intrauterine pregnancy that ends before 20 weeks of gestation. Many factors can lead to miscarriage, such as age, smoking, caffeine intake, infections, medications, and chronic diseases. Aim The aim of this study was to identify the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for miscarriage. Subjects and method A descriptive exploratory study design was used. This study was carried out at primary healthcare centers and obstetric outpatient clinics of Shaqra and Merat general hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study included a total of 260 adult women. A structured interviewing questionnaire and modifiable risk factor assessment questionnaire were used. Results The mean age of the participants was 36.8±5.2 years. The reported types of miscarriages were spontaneous (30.8%), incomplete (24.2%), and recurrent (17.7%) miscarriage. The reported modifiable risks were work that requires constant motions and hard effort (37.0%), and pregnant women working more than 40 h/week (28.4%). Lifestyle risk factors included drinking more than 200 mg caffeine/day (87.9%), eating too much spice (39.6%), eating dates daily (37.3%), drinking cola constantly (37.0%), passive smoking (35.8%), and obesity (32.3%). Moreover, there were some obstetric risk factors for miscarriage, such as no spacing between pregnancies, hormonal imbalance, ovarian cyst, and genital infections. Conclusion There was a relationship between lifestyle and risk for miscarriage. Miscarriage can be prevented by reducing the associated modifiable risk factors to low levels before and during pregnancy. Recommendations The following are recommended: regular follow-ups for pregnant women, especially those who had high parity; maintaining healthy lifestyle; encouraging preconception precautions, including intake of folic acid and treatment of health problems; immediate postnatal care; and follow-up for mothers with negative Rh to prevent complications.

BLOODGROUP AFFILIATION IN MELANOMA MALIGNA PATIENTS

130 patients (66 male and 64 female) suffering from Melanoma maligna are studied. The connection between the illness and the blood group affiliation according to the ABO systems and the Rh. factor is traced. Most of the patients belong to 0 blood group (39,23%), followed by A (23,25%), B (19,38%) and AB (18,14%) group. The significance of group O (p<0,05) and AB (p<0,001) is considerable. The results show a considerable decrease in the percentage of A group (p<0,05) and of the negative Rh. factor (p<0,001). On the basis of the results obtained we can admit that belonging to 0 and AB groups and the positive Rh factor appear to be a part of the hazardous factors for the illness Melanoma maligna and its development.

Occurrence of anti-D alloantibodies among pregnant women in Kasese District, Western Uganda.

ObjectivesThis study was undertaken to determine the distribution of ABO/RhD (rhesus D antigen) blood phenotypes, prevalence of anti-D alloantibodies, and the risk factors for alloimmunization among pregnant women in Kasese District, Western Uganda.Materials and methodsEthylenediamine tetraacetic acid-containing plasma samples and serum samples were taken from pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic. The blood groups were identified using the microplate grouping method, while the presence of anti-D alloantibodies was detected by the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). Data were also collected from the pregnant women on the risk factors associated with anti-D alloantibody formation.ResultsAmong the 726 participants, the blood group distribution was as follows: O: 356 (49.%); A: 190 (26.%); B: 152 (21%); and AB: 28 (4%). A total of 28 (3.86%) pregnant women were RhD negative. Anti-D alloantibodies were detected in 88 (12.1%) of the participants; and of these, 13 (14.8%) were RhD negative. Statistically significant risk factors for anti-D alloimmunization included miscarriage, stillbirth, and postpartum hemorrhage.ConclusionBlood group O was the most common among the pregnant women in this study and the prevalence of Rh negativity was 3.8%. The frequency of anti-D alloimmunization among pregnant women in Kasese District was 12.12%, with 85.5% of these being RhD positive. Risk factors such as a history of stillbirths, miscarriages, and incidence of postpartum hemorrhage were significantly associated with anti-D alloimmunization. There is a need to routinely carry out antenatal blood grouping and IAT screening on pregnant women in Uganda to detect anti-D alloimmunization. Given the high prevalence of anti-D alloantibody formation among RhD-positive women, we recommend additional research studies on the role of autoimmunity among antigen-positive women, as well as the occurrence of RhD variants plus their implications on hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, in Uganda.

A Study of Prevalence of Blood Group of Saudi Patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh

Background: Blood groups have been the subject of research because of the importance of blood transfusion in surgery as well as treatment of anemia and other hemorrhagic conditions. Blood groups and immune hematological problems of blood transfusion constitute an extremely interesting, but complex study area and their investigations have much to offer to hematology and immunohematology fields. Aim: The aim of our study is to provide essential data about the distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood groups among Saudi populations and to determine the ABO and Rh phenotype among patients who received blood or blood products in King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh. Methods: For this purpose, we retrospectively evaluated the results of ABO grouping and Rh grouping performed among some patients who received blood or blood products at King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh during the year 2013. Results: Participants in this study included four hundred patients (100 children; 28 youths, 88 adults and 184 olds). The gender distribution showed 232 males and 168 females. ABO phenotypes result showed that blood group A is 27%, group B 22%, group AB 3%, and group O is 48%. The percentages of positive and negative Rh grouping phenotypes were 96% and 4%, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study shows that the blood group O is highly frequent among Saudi population, while the blood group AB is the lowest. Rh-negative phenotypes were not as frequent as Rh-positive.

Should Rh- women receive Rh immunoglobin for a miscarriage before 12 weeks' gestational age?

Evidence-Based Answer The risk of alloimmunization with a miscarriage before 24 weeks appears to be low (SOR: B, small RCT). Nevertheless, most expert guidelines recommend giving Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) to Rhesus negative (Rh-) women for a first trimester miscarriage (SOR: C, expert opinion).

Relation between ABO blood groups and Rh group with hypertension among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Baquba- Diyala Province


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J Fac Med Baghdad
 2014; Vol.56, No .2
 Received Sep .2013
 Accepted Dec. 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Background: Several reports show that hypertension is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity; also ABO blood group may be blamed in susceptibility to human diseases as blood-group antigens which influence the bioavailability of E-selectin, TNF-alpha and intra cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) factors that implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
 Objective: To evaluate the possible relationship between ABO blood group and Rh with hypertension in pregnancy.
 Patients and method: Case- control study is conducted in Al-Batool teaching hospital for maternity and children in Baquba city. Two hundred and twenty (220) pregnant women with hypertension and 100 normal healthy pregnant women, in specific age group are enrolled . Comparison between hypertension and ABO blood group is done. Statistical analysis is done by X ² and t- test.
 Results: The results revel that mean age in hypertensive pregnant women is(30.0±6.8), while in healthy control pregnant women is (26.2±6.1) years in all ABO and Rh. blood groups. Mean weeks of gestations in hypertensive pregnant women and healthy control groups are (37.0±3.0), (35.8±6.1) respectively in all ABO and Rh blood groups. Blood group O is the highest percent (41%) in hypertensive pregnant women, (31%) in control group but it was statistically not significant p value (0.239), in control group higher percent found with blood group A (36%) comparing with blood group A in hypertensive group (33%) but also statistically not significant. Among both hypertensive pregnant women and healthy control pregnant women Rhesus positive (Rh +ve) percent is significantly higher in both hypertensive and control group (78%, 85%) respectively than Rhesus negative (Rh –ve) (22%) in hypertensive and (15%) in control, while no significant difference in the percentage of Rh+ve between the hypertensive(78%) and control group(85%) and Rh-ve in hypertensive(22%) and control(15%).
 Conclusion: This study reveals no association between ABO and Rh blood group and hypertension in pregnancy.

Antenatal Maternal Serum IAT Titer and Fetal Outcome in Rh Isoimmunized Pregnancies.

The incidence of Rh negativity in India is about 1-5% and the rate of Rh sensitization to be approximately 0.79% of live births. This study evaluated the role of antenatal maternal serum Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT) titre in predicting the feto-neonatal outcome. The study was conducted from Jan 2007 to Dec 2012 at our centre in Pune, Maharashtra, India. This study reports our experience with 75 IUTs carried out for 42 cases of severe Rh isoimmunization. IAT was performed by ID gel cards and test tube method was utilized for titration. Results were analysed by odds ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval. IAT titre was found to have a direct correlation with the maternal parity, requirement of number of IUT's and adverse fetal outcome. Of the 42 cases of severe Rhisoimmunization who underwent IUT, 11 (26.2%) had hydropic fetus resulting in 08 (73%) live babies, two intrauterine and one neonatal death. The remaining 31 (73.8%) non-hydropic fetuses who received IUT, one intrauterine and one neonatal death were observed. In the 11 hydropic cases, who received IUTs, two intrauterine and one neonatal death were observed in which the IAT titre was ≥512, which was found statistically significant with OR of 9.77 & P value of 0.05. The overall survival rate was 37/42 (88.1%). Severity and fetal outcome in Rh isoimmunized pregnancies, showed a significant association with antenatal maternal serum IAT titre. More the antibody titre more would be the fetal and/or neonatal severity with respect to immune hemolytic anemia. Requirement of multiple IUTs are also associated with high antenatal serum IAT titre.

Charge Density Wave Transition in EuAl4

Charge Density Wave Transition in EuAl₄

English

Uterus didelphys belongs to class iii of American society of mullerian anomalies. Incidence is about 1/3000 women which accounts to 0.1 to 0.5% of total women. Congenital uterine anomalies result from the abnormal formation, fusion or resorption of the Mullerian ducts during fetal life. A uterus didelphys results when bilateral Mullerian Ducts do not fuse but develop side by side resulting in a double uterus. Although pregnancies can occur in patients with Mullerian duct anomalies, most of them have been linked to infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, pre term deliveries, fetal mal-presentations and other obstetrics complications, making successful pregnancy outcome a rare situation in this condition. Uterine anomalies with successful pregnancy outcomes are rare. We report a case of successful pregnancy outcome in a case of uterus didelphys bicollis for its rarity. CASE DESCRIPTION: 22-year-old fourth gravida with no live issues was referred at 32 weeks+1 day with a singleton gestation in one horn of a uterus didelphys. A diagnosis of IUGR with severe oligohydramnios was made outside. Her first pregnancy was a missed abortion at 3 months of amenorrhea for which she underwent suction evacuation. The diagnosis of uterus didelphys was made during this procedure, and was mentioned in the discharge summary. Patient doesn't have any scan images, HSG reports. As the blood typing indicated Rh negativity, Anti-D injection was given. Her second pregnancy was a pre term delivery at home at 7 months of amenorrhea. The fetus was born dead. Anti-D was not administered. Her third pregnancy was a twin pregnancy, terminated at 20 weeks and 6 days as an USG diagnosis of omphalocele and meningomyelocele was made. Manual removal of placenta was done. Anti-D injection was administered. She underwent infertility treatment for a year before conceiving for the fourth time. She was referred at 32 weeks due to complications of severe oligohydramnios (AFI 2), intra uterine growth restriction detected in the third trimester scan. Patient was planned for caesarean section after investigations and ultrasound scan as per vaginal examination was unfavourable. Non stress test indicated fetal distress & hence the patient was shifted for an emergency Caeserean section after adequate counseling of the patient & her relatives. On table uterus didelphys & pregnancy in the left uterus was noted. The fetus was in a breech presentation. The decision to do a Classical caesarean section was made as the lower segment of the left pregnant uterus was very narrow.

The Risk Factors for and Effects of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Graft and Renal Transplant Recipients

The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in renal transplant recipients and to analyze the impacts of this disease on graft success and patient health. This retrospective, case-control study examined 120 renal transplant patients in a VL endemic area. The treatment group included patients (n=20) who developed VL after transplantation, and the control group (n=100) was composed of renal transplant recipients without VL. This study evaluated socioeconomic, demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify potential risk factors. The average time between transplantation and Leishmania infection in the treatment group was 29.4 months. Seventeen (85%) patients were cured and 3 (15%) died. In 95% of the cases, a myelogram was used for initial identification of Leishmania forms. The significant risk factors for VL in renal transplant recipients were cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation (odds ratio [OR], 5.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-21.97) and living with cats (OR, 5.74; 95% CI, 1.15-28.76). Bacterial infection after transplantation (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 0.96-9.37) and unpaved streets in the neighborhood (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 0.71-6.43) tended to increase the risk of VL, whereas a negative Rh factor tended to protect against VL (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.06-1.02). Cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation and living with cats increased the risk of VL in renal transplant recipients living in VL endemic areas.

Prevalence of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups in Northern India

Background: The ABO blood group system was the first human blood group system to be discovered by Landsteiner in 1900. The second type of blood group is the rhesus system. There are only two Rh phenotype such as Rh positive and Rh negative, depending on whether Rh antigen is present on the red cell or not. The frequency of ABO and Rh phenotypes in different populations has been extensively studied. The present study was done to assess the prevalence of blood groups in different categories of Northern India and to compare our results with other studies conducted in India and else where in the world and its multipurpose future utilities for the health planners. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 23,320 blood donors during a period of one year from 1st January to 31st December 2011. The Blood samples were obtained by standard procedures of venupuncture and subjected to determination of ABO and Rhesus blood group using antisera by combined slide and test tube method. Each sample of donors was tested for ABO and Rhesus status. Results: The blood group B (34.84%) was the commonest group prevalent in donors followed by group O (29.75%), A (21.50%) and AB (13.91%). AB negative was not seen in female donors. Conclusion: The commonest ABO blood group was group B in Northern India with Rh negativity at only 4.55%.

Dynamics of lipoprotein level in blood plasma of pregnant women as a function of gestational age according to FTIR spectroscopy

Results of an IR spectroscopic investigation of films of blood plasma taken from women of reproductive age, pregnant women with positive and negative Rh factors, and Rh-immunized women were presented as a function of gestational age. It was found that the lipoprotein content in blood plasma of all groups of pregnant women increased during the early stages of pregnancy (17–23 weeks) irrespective of the Rh factor and attained its peak value by weeks 30–35. It was shown that the lipoprotein level in blood plasma as a function of gestational age was quantitatively the same for pregnant women with positive and negative Rh factors. It was established for the first time that this dependence for Rh-immunized women featured a considerable increase of lipoprotein content at gestational age 30–32 weeks and declined acutely by week 36.

Immunogenicity of Blood Group Antigens in Female and Male Transfusion Recipients: Is It Possible to Avoid Immunization to RBC Antigens?

Abstract 4377In men blood group incompatibilities between a donor and blood transfusion recipient may stimulate RBC antibody production, whereas in women both transfusion and pregnancies play a role. Immunogenicities of various RBC antigens correlate with their ability to induce a specific antibody response. These parameters were calculated on data obtained previously in 711 patients found to be immunized in pre-transfusion tests using the method of Giblett (Transfusion 1961), and corrected for the fraction of antibody decline in time by the method of Torney and Stack (Blood 2009).Immunogenicities of RBC antigens expressed as a fraction of that of the K antigen (Potency = 1) are shown in columns IV & VII (method of Giblett) and in V & VIII (method of Torney & Stack) of the following table.I Antigen XII Anti-X, NIII Anti-X, Females, NIV Females Potency vs. KV Females, Corrected PotencyVI Males, Anti-X, NVII Males, Potency Vs. KVIII Males, Corrected PotencyC71510.2270.156200.1080.075c37270.1640.141100.0740.063E2201170.5540.5651030.5940.606e950.24440.238Fya44280.1220.086160.0850.060Fyb310.0070.00420.0170.012Jka60410.2251.083190.1270.611Jkb530.01520.012K15384116911k110.4880S18130.0510.02750.0240.013s101M21100.0560.069110.0750.093In males the corrected potencies of E and Jka were about 60% of that of K, but in females the corrected potencies of Jka and K were equal. The antigens C, c, Fya,Jka and S had higher correctedpotencies in females than in males, probably reflecting the additional role of pregnancies in immunization. Note the big difference in antibody response between allelic non-Rh antigens (e.g. Jka vs. Jkb).Immunogenicity of the Rh D antigen was not calculated since Rh negative patients receive Rh negative blood and Rh negative pregnant women are given Rh immune prophylaxis. However, in this study 29.6 % of the patients were Rh negative. Over 70% of the susceptible patients had been immunized to the Rh D.In conclusion, RBC antibodies interfere with the benefits of RBC transfusions and may also cause severe adverse effects. Introduction of molecular methods into Blood Bank setting could eventually minimize exposure and immunization of transfusion recipients to incompatible RBC antigens. Information about immunogenicity of various blood group antigens may point out those antigens that should not be given to patients who are lacking them. It is also critical to understand why immunization to the D antigen is still prevalent in order to pave the way to future multiple antigen matching. Disclosures:No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

ABO Blood Type/Rh Factor and the Incidence and Outcomes for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poorer prognosis; the factors that contribute to this remain unclear. We hypothesized that TNBC is associated with ABO blood type/Rh factors that account for differences in survival. We identified 468 patients with stage I-III TNBC [estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2 nonamplified]. Patient/tumor characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were obtained. Data were examined for associations with specific ABO blood type/Rh factors. Descriptive statistics and χ (2) analysis were utilized for data summary and comparisons. Of 468 TNBC patients, 283 had known ABO blood type [122 (43 %) O, 108 (38 %) A, 39 (14 %) B, and 14 (5 %) AB] and Rh factor [253 (89 %) positive and 30 (11 %) negative]. Mean patient age was 53.7 ± 12.5 years, and median follow-up was 30.2 ± 20.5 months. The incidence of each ABO blood type/Rh factor in our TNBC cohort was not different from the general population or a cohort of ER-positive breast cancers (P > 0.05). Compared with patients with blood type O, there was no difference in breast cancer-specific mortality for type A [hazard ratio (HR) 0.906; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.554-1.481], type B (HR 1.534; 95 % CI 0.792-2.972), or type AB (HR 0.488; 95 % CI 0.113-2.106). Compared with women with negative Rh, there was no difference in breast cancer-specific mortality for women with positive Rh (HR 1.161; 95 % CI 0.568-2.374). TNBC was not associated with a specific ABO blood type or Rh factor. Our results failed to demonstrate an association between ABO blood type/Rh factor and breast cancer mortality in patients with TNBC.

Snake states and Klein tunneling in a graphene Hall bar with a pn-junction

The Hall (RH) and bend (RB) resistances of a graphene Hall bar structure containing a pn-junction are calculated when in the ballistic regime. The simulations are done using the billiard model. Introducing a pn-junction—dividing the Hall bar geometry in two regions—leads to two distinct regimes exhibiting very different physics: (1) both regions are of n-type and (2) one region is n-type and the other p-type. In regime (1), a “Hall plateau”—an enhancement of the resistance—appears for RH. On the other hand, in regime (2), we found a negative RH, which approaches zero for large B. The bend resistance is highly asymmetric in regime (2) and the resistance increases with increasing magnetic field B in one direction while it reduces to zero in the other direction.

Possible Association between Human Blood Types and Opioid Addiction

Drug addiction is a complex disorder that has been shown to have a genetic component like several other diseases. Finding any factor that is associated with higher risk of addiction tendency may influence the strategies of prevention and treatment of drug abuse and also provide an avenue of further research in genetics, immunology, and other related fields. This case-control study aimed at finding the frequency rate of ABO blood groups and Rhesus (Rh) factor among opioid dependents. Therefore, 249 opioid dependents referred to the Drug Quit center at Bam, Iran (case group) were compared with 360 blood donors referred to the Blood Transfusion Center (control group) in regard to the frequency of blood groups and Rh factor. The two groups were matched for demographic features. The odds ratio for AB blood group in addicts was 3.98 compared to non-addicts (p < .001) and the odds ratio of negative Rh in addicts compared to non-addicts was 4.27 (p < .001). According to the findings, in this population the frequency of negative Rh and AB blood group were significantly less than the predictive values. The relationship between opioid use and blood group type requires a cohort study eliminating all extraneous factors in order to be proved.

Interplay between charge stripes and sign reversals of Hall and Seebeck effects in stripe-ordered La1.6−xNd0.4SrxCuO4 superconductors

The Hall and Seebeck effects of the stripe-ordered superconductor La1.6−xNd0.4SrxCuO4 single crystals (x = 0.10, 0.12 and 0.15) were investigated systematically. The sign change of Hall and Seebeck coefficients (RH and S) from positive to negative with decreasing temperature suggests the presence of electron pockets in the Fermi surface due to the stripe ordering. We successfully tune this behavior through an epitaxial strain induced by the mismatch between the thin film and the substrate. The negative RH disappears in the thinner film in which the static charge stripe is greatly suppressed by the strong epitaxial strain, and for a strain released thicker film the negative RH recovers. These results indicate the possibility of Fermi surface reconstruction caused by the static charge stripe order in the system.

Can We Defer/Omit a Type and Screen Blood Test for Pregnant Women Who Know Their Blood Type?

Current clinical practice in many emergency departments (EDs) includes checking a type and screen blood test (T&S) for Rhesus (Rh) status on all pregnant patients presenting with vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain. The test is expensive, and awaiting results may delay disposition. To determine if there is a subset of pregnant women who reliably know their blood type and for whom a T&S blood test to determine Rh status can be safely omitted or deferred. A prospective study at two associated urban academic centers with an annual ED census of 150,000 patients was performed between January 2007 and June 2008. Pregnant patients who had a T&S obtained as part of their ED evaluation were enrolled. Subjects completed a standardized data form that requested demographic information and were asked to select "no," "maybe," or "yes, definitely" if they knew their blood type. Standard descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals were performed. There were 319 pregnant women enrolled in the study. Among the 106 subjects that reported "yes, definitely" they knew their blood type, 103 (97.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 94.0-100%]) identified their correct blood type and 105 (99.1%; 95% CI 97.2-100%) identified their correct Rh status. None of these subjects selected a positive Rh when they were in fact a negative Rh. All 14 (13.2%) subjects with a negative Rh status identified themselves as having a negative Rh. Pregnant women reporting that "yes, definitely" they know their blood type, are reliable. Deferring T&S testing test may be reasonable.

Weak D prevalence among Indian blood donors

Weak D prevalence among Indian blood donors