Thermal conductivity and thermal expansion were measured for the L1 2 intermetallic compounds Rh 3X (X=Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta) in the temperature range between 300 and 1100 K to evaluate the feasibility of applying the compounds to high temperature structural materials. The thermal conductivities of Rh 3X are widely distributed in the range from 32 to 103 W m −1 K −1 at 300 K, while the difference of the thermal conductivities becomes less emphasized at higher temperatures. A trend is observed that the thermal conductivity of Rh 3X is larger when the constituent X belongs to group 5 rather than 4 in the periodic table. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of Rh 3X slightly increase with increasing temperature, and they are concentrated around 10×10 −6 K −1 at 800 K. A trend is that the CTE of Rh 3X is reduced as the position of X goes downward in the periodic table. It is demonstrated that Rh 3Nb and Rh 3Ta are suitable for high temperature structural applications due to the larger thermal conductivities and the smaller CTE.