RFID Communication System Research Articles

Radar Cross Section of Chipless RFID Tags and BER Performance

The performance of different chipless RFID tag topologies are analysed in terms of Radar Cross Section (RCS) and Bit Error Rate (BER). It is shown that the BER is mainly determined by the tag Radar Cross Section (RCS) once that a standard reading scenario is considered and a fixed size of the tag is chosen. It is shown that the arrangement of the resonators in the chipless tag plays a crucial role in determining the cross-polar RCS of the tag. The RCS of the tag is computed theoretically by using array theory where each resonator is treated as a separate scatterer completely characterized by a specific reflection coefficient. Several resonators arrangements (periodic and non-periodic) are compared, keeping the physical area of the tag fixed. Theoretical and experimental analysis demonstrate that the periodic configuration guarantees the maximum achievable RCS thus providing a global lower BER of the chipless RFID communication system. We believe that the BER is the more meaningful and fair figure of merit for comparing the performance of different tags than bit/cm2 or bit/Hz since the increase of encoded information of the tag is useful only if it can be correctly decoded.

Wireless and autonomous sensor for Integrated Engine Health Management

Providing the best availability of aircrafts is a main cause for concern in aeronautics industry. Integrated Engine Health Management (IEHM) is the up to date solution that is used by Aircraft Engine Manufacturers in order to maintain a fleet of engines operative. IEHM detect signs of failure before they happen is the key tool for improving the level of aircraft operability. There is a strong focus on the sensor part and particularly on a wireless autonomous load sensor. Measuring load can have a high value to estimate the remaining useful life of equipment’s like suspension rods or gears after a hard landing. Indeed, after such an event, aircraft companies need to know if suspension rods/gears are safe or could have been damaged. This paper presents the current CORALIE sensor development (autonomous wireless load recorder) that will enable maintenance operators to determine the load level seen by an engine link after a hard landing by simply setting a portable device near the mounting system. Interesting features are Energy Harvesting and RFID communication modules that have been developed for this sensor. Such autonomous SHM systems typically include embedded sensors, and elements for data acquisition, wireless communication, and energy harvesting. Among all of these components, this paper focuses on RFID technologies. Actually, low power sensors and wireless communication components are used in newer SHM systems, and a number of researchers have recently investigated such techniques to extract wirelessly communicate data stored in these stand-alone systems. The first part of the paper is dedicated to benchmark the different wireless communication protocols against RFID available for the project application (engine pods). The second part gives a presentation of the RFID communication system (Antenna, reader and RFID front end circuit) developed for transmitting local data stored in the memory of the system for analysis in a SHM maintenance strategy. The last part presents real test of RFID wireless communication and provide a maturity assessment on the technology.

토픽모델을 이용한 SCM 특허분석: 1997~2016

We used Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA) for topic model generation to investigate the hidden topics and trends of SCM patents between 1997 and 2016. We analyzed 2,724 abstracts of patents from USPTO(United States Patent & Trademark Office) and EPO(European Patent Office) that were retrieved from KIPRIS database using keywords on supply chain management.BR Major findings of this study provided the 15 major topics such as RFID System, Logistics, Communication System, Web 2.0, Network Service and Maintenance, etc. and identified the four cold topics(Web 2.0, Logistics, Enterprise Application Integration, Supply Planning/Network Service and Maintenance) and five hot topics(Mobile Communication, RFID System, Tracking System, Digital Signal Processor) in SCM patents. Contributions and further research were also discussed as a part of the conclusions.BR

디지털 데이터 슬라이서가 집적된 900 MHz 대역의 RFID 수신단

In this paper, a receiver has been developed in a CMOS technology for 900 MHz RFID communication system applications. The receiver is composed of an envelope detector, a low-pass-filter, a comparator, D flip-flops, as well as an oscillator to provide the clock for digital blocks. The receiver is designed for low power consumption, which would be suitable for passive RFID tags. In this circuit, a digital data slicer was employed instead of the conventional analog data slicer in order to reduce the power consumption. The clock frequency is 1.68 MHz and the circuit operates with a power consumption as small as . The chip size is excluding the probing pads.

An efficient mutual distance bounding protocol over a binary symmetric noisy communication channel

Distance bounding protocols have been suggested to protect an RFID communication system against relay attack. In such protocols, a verifier establishes an upper bound for the physical distance between a user and itself as well as authenticating the user. Recently, mutual distance bounding protocols in which both communication parties play not only as a user but also as a verifier have been proposed to be deployed for secure positioning protocols. In this paper, the performance of the existing mutual distance bounding protocols is analysed over a noisy communication channel. The analytic results show that these protocols provide a much higher rejection probability of a valid user due to channel errors than distance bounding protocols. Furthermore, a novel method is proposed to convert every distance bounding protocol into a mutual distance bounding protocol. Within this method, for each one of the two communication parties, the produced mutual distance bounding protocol provides the performance and security level exactly equal to those of its own associated distance bounding protocol at the same noisy environment, without transmitting any extra messages at the end of the protocol.

Analysis of Channel Transmission Performance in UHF RFID System

This paper analyzes the characteristics of four kinds of possible channels in UHF RFID communication system, and makes a deep analysis on additive white Gaussian noise channel and binary symmetric channel. At the same time, it sets up the ASK modulation and demodulation simulation models of those two kinds of channels, summarizing the relationship between the bit error rate and the variety of signal to noise ratio of those two kinds of system. Finally, it concludes the optimal parameter of transmission process in the RFID system in experiments.

Optimization Design of the CRC Check for RFID Communication System

The method of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) was been used in the process of RFID communication adopts to ensure that the data was transfer correctly. The principle of CRC was been introduced. The design method about 16-bit CRC code was been gotten through the hardware circuit and hardware description language. And it was compatible with the serial and parallel two kinds of data streams. At the same time it was been verified correctly in RFID communication system. And the results are verified in the specified clock frequency in xc2vp4-6fg256 device in FPGA Xilinx kit using VI-IDL in RTL level. It with strong portability could extend to all CRC system.

An Authentication Protocol with Anti-Counterfeit for RFID Communication System

RFID, in today’s scenario is playing a vital role in multiple domains, and has become an inevitable tool to manage inventory, animal husbandry, and substituting barcode technology. We see its use at metro stations, so it shows multifaceted use making it an umbrella technology which is cost efficient too. In context to mobile readers, the security of communication channel between reader and backend server is compromised; the same also applies on tag reader communication so prevention of illegal reader and tags to enter the system is at most necessary. Also, counterfeiters have become a global phenomenon cause a threat to security. This paper aims to propose an authentication protocol to check the illegal tag and reader that breaches the system. Hash based function and public key encryption techniques are implemented on authentication protocol.

Security Problems in an RFID System

This paper focuses on the security and privacy threats being faced by the low-cost RFID communication system, the most challenging of which relate to eavesdropping, impersonation, and tag cloning problems. The security issues can be improved and solved by utilizing both prevention and detection strategies. Prevention technique is needed since it offers resistance capabilities toward eavesdroppers and impersonators. Detection technique is vital to minimize the negative effects of tag cloning threats. This paper proposes the use of both prevention and detection techniques to make RFID communication more secure. Lightweight cryptographic algorithm, which conforms to the EPC Class-1 Generation-2 standard, is used in the proposed mutual authentication protocol for RFID system to raise security levels. In addition, electronic fingerprinting system is deployed in the proposed solution as a detection method to distinguish counterfeit and legitimate tags.

UHF대역 RFID 리더 간섭방지용 전파흡수체 개발

본 논문에서는 UHF대역 RFID 통신 시스템 간에 발생하는 리더 간섭을 방지하기 위한 전파흡수체를 설계 및 제작하였다. 먼저 자성손실 재료인 Amorphous와 지지재인 CPE(Chlorinated Polyethylene)를 이용하여 조성비별 전파흡수체 샘플을 제작하였고, 이 전파흡수체 샘플로부터 구한 재료정수를 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 한 결과, 최적의 조성비가 Amorphous : CPE = 80 : 20 wt.% 임을 확인하였다. 그리고 시뮬레이션 결과를 토대로 전파흡수체를 실제작하여 전파흡수능을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 Amorphous : CPE = 80 : 20 wt.%의 조성비 일 때, 두께 4 mm의 전파흡수체가 <TEX>$860\;MHz{\sim}960\;MHz$</TEX>의 주파수 범위에서 전파흡수능 20 dB 이상의 특성을 얻음으로써 UHF대역의 RFID 리더 간섭을 억제할 수 있음을 확인하였다. In this paper, the EM wave absorber was designed and fabricated for preventing Reader Interference of RFID communication system in UHF band We fabricated several samples in different composition ratios of Amorphous and CPE(Chlorinated Polyethylene). Absorption abilities were simulated in accordance with different thicknesses of the prepared absorbers and changed complex relative permittivity and permeability due to composition ratio. The mixing ratio of Amorphous and CPE was searched as 80 : 20 wt.% by experiments and simulation. Then the EM wave absorber was fabricated and tested using the simulated data. As a result, the developed EM wave absorber has a thickness of 4 mm and absorption ability was over 20 dB in frequency range of <TEX>$860\;MHz{\sim}960\;MHz$</TEX>. Therefore, it was confirmed that the developed absorber can be used for suppressing RFID reader interference in UHF band.