Revision Of Text Research Articles

INTERACTIVE PRACTICES BETWEEN PEERS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORTHOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE

This article reports on one of the axes of a research project developed by the author at the doctoral level, entitled “Learning spelling from the perspective of interactive practices”. Considering that learning written language, in addition to discursive reflection, depends on the elaboration of notational aspects, and that classroom interaction affects this process, this article has as its object of study the learning of spelling, contemplating the progression of this acquisition by students, from the perspective of interaction between peers. Using the theoretical framework of psychogenetic and historical-cultural studies (the conception of children as active subjects and protagonists of learning; language as a social practice; and learning as the construction of the individual in relation to lived experiences), the article assumes the objective of analyzing how interactive practices between peers can generate different possibilities for reflection, especially with regard to learning spelling. To this end, the longitudinal case study, conducted with students from a private school in Santos/SP, covered five stages between the 2nd and 4th grades of Elementary School, a period in which learning conventional writing becomes one of the main focuses of reflection for children. Data collection was carried out based on the writing of word dictations and rewriting of texts, considering both the process and the product of these activities. The data demonstrated that, in the interactions between students, there were different degrees of reflection based on situations of conflict, situations in which one student centralized the referrals, and situations of agreements based on linguistic criteria or social agreements. Based on the understanding of spelling learning and the potential of interactive situations in this process, it was possible to glimpse pedagogical implications that suggest the revision of teaching practices.

The Early Provenance of Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 402 (Ancrene Wisse)

Abstract Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 402 uniquely transmits the authorial revision of the central Middle English spiritual text, Ancrene Riwle/Ancrene Wisse. The first leaf includes a note of the book’s donation to the Augustinian abbey at Wigmore (Herefs) around 1300. This note investigates the donor and the circumstances that may have prompted both the book’s production and the abbey precentor’s request for its donation.

혁명과 저항권에 관한 소고 - 헌법전문의 개정과 관련하여

This article identifies the legal characteristics of historical events after the March 1st Movement, such as the Jeju 4·3 incident, the Daegu 10·1 incident, the Yeosu·Suncheon 10·19 incident, and the Buma Democratic Uprising, the May 18 Gwangju Democratization Movement, and the June 10th Uprising, and suggests the direction of the revision of the full text of the constitution. I think the March 1st Movement should be called a revolution, not a movement, because it has several characteristics that are different from many existing domestic uprisings. During the independence revolution of the United States, the US Declaration of Independence signed by 33 representatives did not separately specify the right to revolution and resistance, but only the right to resistance. During the war of independence against Japanese imperialism, Korea followed the example of the United States, the world's first civil revolution, and signed the Declaration of Independence. Second, the Jeju April 3rd Incident, the Daegu October 1st Incident, and the Yeosu/Suncheon October 19 incident correspond to insurrection or uprising, not rebellion or riot. The focus should be on the slaughter of civilians by public power. Constitutional theory would correspond to the exercise of the right to resist illegal power. Third, April 19 overturned the regime and instilled the spirit of democracy in Korean citizens. April 19 was the first victory of Korean democracy and was a revolution of great political significance in that it was the first direct power in modern history. So political scientists point out that if August 15 liberation was the 'first liberation', the April Revolution was the 'second liberation'. However, legally, it is more appropriate to understand the legal nature of April 19 as the exercise of the people's right to resist Syngman Rhee's illegal power rather than a revolution for active purposes such as socio-economic system transformation. It is true that language is familiar with the expression April 19 Revolution, but apart from appreciating its meaning politically, it is considered unreasonable to view it as a revolution legally. The full text of the constitution has never been described as the April 19 Revolution in our constitutional history. Fourth, I think it is correct to view the legal nature of the Buma Democratic Uprising, the May 18 Gwangju Democratization Movement, and the June 10 Uprising as the exercise of the people's right to resist illegal power. There is a need to revise the full text of the constitution to clarify the national identity and the values the state should aim for. Whether to add new constitutional facts and present new constitutional values in a future-oriented manner should be decided after much discussion. The fact that the repetition of the May 18 distortion can be fundamentally solved is the full text of the May 18 Constitution, and I think one way is to push for amendments even if the ruling and opposition parties have formed a consensus. However, it is a problem that including the democratization movements after April 19 in the full text of the constitution, such as the Buma Democratic Uprising, the June 10 Uprising, and the candlelight protests, may harm the simplicity of the specialist. Gwangju, where the May 18th Movement took place, is the parent of all democratization movements that have taken place since 1980.

Italian translation, cultural adaptation and pilot testing of Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT 3.1) in pediatric cancer.

Experiences related to pediatric oncology diagnosis cause great imbalances within the family structure. Assessing the frailties and needs of families and children with cancer from a psychosocial perspective is an important step in providing appropriate pediatric psychology care. The aim of this study was to develop an Italian translation of the last version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool questionnaire (PAT 3.1) and to pilot-test it among pediatric oncological families. The guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures were followed. Specifically, two independent forward translations were produced, followed by a reconciliation step by a multidisciplinary expert committee and back-translation. Revision of the original text and all translations were performed by the expert committee leading to a final version, which was pilot-tested by cognitive debriefing on five families. Subsequently, the final Italian PAT 3.1 version was approved. The Italian version of the PAT 3.1 generated in the present study is a useful instrument to examine the psychosocial risk of the families with a child with cancer. This instrument will be a valuable tool for future clinical trials and it will help clinicians to target specific pediatric psychology support intervention. The questionnaire will be further validated through a multicenter Italian study on psychosocial screening of pediatric oncology and pediatric general diseases.

Recommendations on the translation of academic texts in the social sciences and the humanities

These recommendations are addressed not only to translators, but to all users of translation, including authors and readers of academic texts, journal editors and publishers, as well as reviewers. They call attention to the translated nature of many works that are often viewed as originals, and through which English as the academic lingua franca is constantly produced and reproduced in a multilingual space. Rather than approaching translation as a hindrance, they seek to highlight its transformative potential and to call for more constructive approaches to the translation of academic texts. Academic translation, these recommendations maintain, relates to the particularities of the language of the social sciences and the humanities, as distinct from that of scientific and technical texts. Relying on a theory of translation as a procedure that involves specialized techniques for the rewriting of texts, they address the relationship between writing and translating, the collaboration between academic authors and translators, and relevant issues relating to the politics of translation in a highly unequal academic field.

Learning Through Practice: On How Kemyt Contributed to Crafting and Transmitting Scribal Knowledge

Summary This paper is conceived as a first step towards the Kemyt (re)contextualization. By exploring the specific layout and paratext of Kemyt, it intends to shed light on the scribes who wrote the many partial copies of this letter-like composition and in which circumstances. I first address the layout, the ink choices, and the writing orientation. I then turn my attention to the text structure: dividers, ending marks, as well as colophons, dedications, and underwriting. The dated ostraca and their frequent identification as school exercises are discussed before moving on to the textual revision practices and looking for an explanation to the low proportion of corrected texts despite faulty content. All this enabled me to highlight a set of scribal practices, in which scribes draw, some being proper to the Kemyt, some being common to the rest of the text production. These practices revealed a complex network, from beginning students to senior scribes, through assistant scribes and early career scribes, which contributed to the crafting and the transmission of scribal knowledge during the New Kingdom.

Two Steps Forward and One Step Back: The Right to Opt-out of Sale under CPRA

The California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) was a ballot initiative that revised the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Although often framed as expanding and enhancing privacy rights, a close analysis of textual revisions---both changes from the earlier law and changes from earlier drafts of the CPRA guidelines---suggest that the reality might be more nuanced. In this work, we identify three textual revisions that have potential to negatively impact the right to opt-out of sale under CPRA and evaluate the effect of these textual revisions using (1) a large-scale longitudinal measurement study of 25,000 websites over twelve months and (2) an experimental user study with 775 participants recruited through Prolific. We find that all revisions negatively impacted the usability, scope, and visibility of the right to opt-out of sale. Our results provide the first comprehensive evaluation of the impact of CPRA on Internet privacy. They also emphasize the importance of continued evaluation of legal requirements as guidelines and case law evolve after a law goes into effect.

The Manipulation of Ideology on Translation: Taking Ku Hongming ’s Confucian Translation as an Example

Translation is a combination of manipulation and rewriting, and it is carried out in a specific social, political, cultural and historical context subject to the translator’s ideology. Based on Andre Lefevere’s Manipulation and Rewriting Theory, this paper takes Ku Hongming ’s Confucian translation as a case study, and places Ku Hongming ’s translation activities in a specific historical context to explore the manipulation of ideology on translation activities from the aspects of text selection, target audience restrictions and original text rewriting.

Outside the City Walls: Remarks on 2 Kgs 23,4-20

ABSTRACT The account of Josiah’s reform has raised the interest of biblical scholars over the years. This paper focuses on the pericope of 2 Kgs 23,4-20 and, based on spatial categories, provides a further argument to date the section in the Persian period. After outlining why 2 Kgs 23,4-20 can be considered separately from the rest of the narrative, this paper will focus on the pericope’s passages that, through Josiah’s actions, highlight a tension between the city’s inner and outer. Such a logic of space, absent in the Chronicler’s report and emphasised in the Antiochian revision of the Greek text, functions as a narrative means to promote a theological idea based on the sharp distinction between pure and impure, sacred and polluted, and charges the king with priestly traits. As a result, 2 Kgs 23,4-20 will be argued to be part of a text revision dated to the Persian period, when the ruling priestly class could be interested in loading the character of Josiah with religious prerogatives.

Некалькi слоў пра гiбрыдны характар тэксту Маўлюда XVIII ст.

The present article focuses on the text created by Belarusian–Polish–Lithuanian Tatars that admires the birth of the Prophet Muhammad with the ap- propriate title “Mawlid” (Birth). The time of text creation is unknown. Although, the last rewriting of the manuscript is most likely to have taken place no earlier than the second half of the 18th century, that is, according to some researchers, when the Polish language prevailed in texts written by the Tatars who lived on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The language of the text under consideration can be described as hybrid. Hybrid texts were based on a native speaker’s linguistic capabilities with an orientation to some book that served an example. On the one hand, the linguistic structure of such a text reflected the idiolect of its creator, and, on the other hand, it included the elements of the book example the creator was guided by. The objective of the article is to study the lexi- cal structure of the text in question which is a mixture of lexemes belonging to different languages. There are a number of Arabic and Turkish words in the text. Regarding Slavonic words, it is difficult to determine their origin accurately due to genetic links of the languages. Definitely, there have been attested lexemes be- longing to Common Slavic, along with Church Slavonic and East Slavonic words of Polish origin. In conclusion, it is assumed that norms pertaining to the Polish language became weaker gradually. This statement can be supported by the fact that “Mawlid” (Birth) was created no earlier than the 18th century, when the ter- ritories bordering the Russian Empire alongside the territories which had entered the Russian Empire after partitioning the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were greatly influenced by the East Slavonic dialects as well as standards in writing. The fact that there is a mixture of not only phonetic and morphological but also lexical elements in the text does not seem to suggest that such a process took place only as a result of repeated text rewriting. There also may be a case typical of undifferentiated multilingualism when a speaker does not separate the system of languages and uses the first option that comes to mind without thinking about its linguistic affiliation.

Capturing Emerging Experiential Knowledge for Vaccination Guidelines Through Natural Language Processing: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Experience-based knowledge and value considerations of health professionals, citizens, and patients are essential to formulate public health and clinical guidelines that are relevant and applicable to medical practice. Conventional methods for incorporating such knowledge into guideline development often involve a limited number of representatives and are considered to be time-consuming. Including experiential knowledge can be crucial during rapid guidance production in response to a pandemic but it is difficult to accomplish. This proof-of-concept study explored the potential of artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods to capture experiential knowledge and value considerations from existing data channels to make these insights available for public health guideline development. We developed and examined AI-based methods in relation to the COVID-19 vaccination guideline development in the Netherlands. We analyzed Dutch messages shared between December 2020 and June 2021 on social media and on 2 databases from the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), where experiences and questions regarding COVID-19 vaccination are reported. First, natural language processing (NLP) filtering techniques and an initial supervised machine learning model were developed to identify this type of knowledge in a large data set. Subsequently, structural topic modeling was performed to discern thematic patterns related to experiences with COVID-19 vaccination. NLP methods proved to be able to identify and analyze experience-based knowledge and value considerations in large data sets. They provide insights into a variety of experiential knowledge that is difficult to obtain otherwise for rapid guideline development. Some topics addressed by citizens, patients, and professionals can serve as direct feedback to recommendations in the guideline. For example, a topic pointed out that although travel was not considered as a reason warranting prioritization for vaccination in the national vaccination campaign, there was a considerable need for vaccines for indispensable travel, such as cross-border informal caregiving, work or study, or accessing specialized care abroad. Another example is the ambiguity regarding the definition of medical risk groups prioritized for vaccination, with many citizens not meeting the formal priority criteria while being equally at risk. Such experiential knowledge may help the early identification of problems with the guideline's application and point to frequently occurring exceptions that might initiate a revision of the guideline text. This proof-of-concept study presents NLP methods as viable tools to access and use experience-based knowledge and value considerations, possibly contributing to robust, equitable, and applicable guidelines. They offer a way for guideline developers to gain insights into health professionals, citizens, and patients' experience-based knowledge, especially when conventional methods are difficult to implement. AI-based methods can thus broaden the evidence and knowledge base available for rapid guideline development and may therefore be considered as an important addition to the toolbox of pandemic preparedness.

Paranoid Psychosis, A First Approach To Lacan

The following essay proposes within the theoretical revision of Lacan's text "Paranoid psychosis in its relations with personality" framing the position of the French psychoanalyst regarding the disorder and elucidating some proposals on how to understand the condition and the importance of understanding it from a look that borders on philosophy, history and above all the contextual history of the patient presented in the text. It is necessary to consider the need to make a review since even with the time that precedes the text at the time of reading we realize how current the case can represent.

The Education of Milkman Dead: The Bildungsroman as Aesthetic Cycle in Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon

Abstract: Rational critique of one’s existential condition and questions of why, where, when, who, what dominate Morrison’s Song of Solomon. As she clearly shows in the novel, it is in finding answers to these questions that one is better able to deal with one’s existential condition and, where necessary, to make the transition from fragmentation to wholeness as a subject dealing with the history and experience of a racial formation that renders one either as an object or inferior other. In Song, the site of the exploration of these questions is the familial space and the marginal public constituted by black America, through which their unheard voices are given full play. Straddling the various familial spaces and marginal public is the novel’s protagonist, Milkman Dead, whose growth away from a selfish, materialistic young man Morrison tells magically as a bildungsroman, textual revision, and aesthetic cycle.

An assessment based on the theory of translatorial action for the revision of the target text

Bu çalışmanın konusu revizyon faaliyetinin çeviri alanı bağlamındaki doğası, kapsamı, öğeleri ve ilgili sorunlarından oluşmaktadır. Revizyon konusu, çeviribilim alanında göz ardı edilmekle beraber, çeviri sürecinin önemli yapı taşlarından biridir. Zira revizyon faaliyeti, çeviri eyleminin ilk ortaya çıktığı zamanlardan beri uygulanan çeviri sürecinin doğal bir aşamasıdır. Bu sebeple revizyon faaliyetini, çeviri faaliyetinden bağımsız olarak ele almak mümkün değildir. Aynı şekilde revizör, tıpkı çevirmen gibi ilgili çeviri sürecine yönelik yeterliliğe ve erek metne yönelik edinçlere sahip olmalıdır. Dolayısıyla revizyon faaliyetini anlamlandırabilmek için çeviri eyleminin doğasını ve niteliğini tam anlamıyla kavramak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada revizyon faaliyeti, Justa Holz-Mänttäri’nin Çeviri Eylemi Kuramı temelinde değerlendirilmekte ve bu yaklaşımdan hareketle çeviri sürecinde ve/veya akabinde gerçekleştirilen revizyon faaliyetleri, çeviri eylemi çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda önce revizyon eyleminin doğası ve niteliği incelenmiş, akabinde bu faaliyetin gerçekleştirilmesi bakımından revizörün konumu ve görevi belirlenmiş, revizyon faaliyeti ile bağlantılı sorunlara değindikten sonra da ideal bir revizyon eyleminin nasıl gerçekleştirilmesi gerektiği hususunda tespitlerde bulunulmuştur. Çeviri eylemi ile örtüşen bir niteliğe sahip revizyon faaliyeti, çok yönlü ve karmaşık bir yapıdan oluşmaktadır. Bu sebeple revizyon faaliyetinin sınırlarını belirlemek güçtür. Zira revizyon faaliyeti, bir düzeltme işlemi ve kalite kontrolünden çok daha fazlasıdır. Ayrıca her bir erek metin oluşturma süreci, diğer farklı süreçlerden benzersiz olacağından, revizörün konumunu belirlemek de sorun teşkil etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda alandaki mevcut sorunlara çözüm sunabilmek için revizyon faaliyetini tek yönlü bir biçimde değil, aksine faaliyeti çeviri sürecinin doğasını da gözeterek bütüncül manada ele alarak değerlendirmek gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Dominican Resonances in Medieval Iceland. The Legacy of Bishop Jón Halldórsson of Skálholt

Dominican Resonances in Medieval Iceland. The Legacy of Bishop Jón Halldórsson of Skálholt

Estrategias de regulación emocional de niños/as en el aprendizaje de la escritura en situación de clase y de entrevista

Learning to write involves the challenge to understand and regulate one’s own emotions in situation, such as frustration, anxiety and different moods. In recent years, the study of emotion regulation in children through different methodological tools, such as interviews, questionnaires or observations, has increased. However, to date there are few studies that complement these techniques. The present study seeks to contribute to early emotion regulation in learning to write from a sociocultural, ecological and situated approach, through the combination of interviews and class observations. The aims are to: (1) identify emotionally challenging events in children’s learning to write; (2) describe the deployment of their strategies of emotion regulation; and (3) analyze the variation of these strategies in class and interview situations. Participants were 10 first graders from a school located in the urban area at San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina). The school was selected because communication and regulation of emotions is part of the educational project. Observations of language classes and individual interviews were conducted over Zoom in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Ten observations focused on the class interaction between the teacher and children in learning to write situations were analyzed. The individual interview is based on video-elicitation technique. Three videos were designated ad hoc. Each video elicited emotionally challenging events in learning to write: (1) the awareness of a gap between knowledge/power and the demands of a task (child represented difficulties in writing and erasing, showing emotional affectation); (2) social exposure (child was reading alone and an adult asked her about what she was reading, after which the girl looked down and pursed her lips); and (3) the distracting environment (two girls were chatting and making noise as two boys were writing in their notebooks). Beyond the three emotionally challenging events presented in the video-elicitation, another four were found: the adaptation to external norms, the revision of the own text, the difficulty with the material, and the acknowledge the own mistakes. Additionally, children deployed a wide repertoire of strategies according to the emotion regulation model of Gross (2015) and the specific literature. Overall, the most frequent strategies were the modification of the situation in a social way, communication and expression. In the observations, modification of the situation in physical form, control and private speech were found. In the interviews, the alternative activity, breathing, communication and cognitive reappraisal were observed. Finally, it was concluded that the complementation of research methods, class observations and interviews, is promising for the study of children’s emotion regulation in learning to write. https://doi.org/10.16888/interd.2022.39.3.12

Vetus Latina: Die Reste Der Altlateinischen Bibel, 14/1: Danihel, Fascicule 1: Introduction, Dn 13,1–10; Fascicule 2: Dn 13,11–64; 1,1–3,17. Edited by Jean-Claude Haelewyck

Following his delivery in recent years of the Vetus Latina editions of Esther, Judith, and the Gospel according to Mark, Professor Haelewyck now takes on the book of Daniel. This is a writing of considerable text-critical interest, in which the Old Latin versions match the variety in the Greek tradition. Tertullian, the first substantial Latin source, normally corresponds to the early (and poorly attested) Septuagint text. The exception is the disputed Adversus Iudaeos, which is based on the version attributed to Theodotion—although this Greek form actually appears to date from more than a century before Theodotion’s translation. Cyprian’s text reflects the correction of the Septuagint towards the later version, a form which persists in later African writers. The European Old Latin texts are based on the Theodotionic version: this also supplies the basis for Jerome’s Vulgate revision of the Greek additions, although the majority of Vulgate Daniel is supposedly a new translation from Hebrew and Aramaic sources. In his Commentary on Daniel, written some 24 years after his revision of the biblical text, Jerome relies on the Vulgate for the biblical lemmata but explicitly mentions variant readings from the Septuagint.

Global Vision and Local Action: Football, Corruption and the Governance of Football in China

The professional reform of Chinese football was a pilot project for the transformation of China’s sports system. However, the reform was limited by the confused role of governance bodies, which subsequently led to weak governance in relation to Chinese football-corruption. In order to examine existing problems in football governance and corruption in Chinese football a thematic analysis was performed, taking the five basic elements of ­governance (governance object, governance subject, regulation text, governance value, and governance effect) as the analytical framework. This provides the basis for an objective assessment of the existing structure of governance dealing with corruption in Chinese football. The measures and experiences related to addressing football corruption in Europe and other Asian countries are also discussed. Based on historical comparisons within the Chinese context as well as the lessons drawn from other countries, a plan for the future implementation of anti-corruption measures and reforms in Chinese football is outlined, including the coordination and cooperation of governance subjects, the revision and improvement of regulatory text, governance value-orientation toward democracy, and rulings based on law and accountability.

Did Gurdjieff Write Scripture?

Did Gurdjieff write scripture? Can we understand Gurdjieff’s writings in terms of a category he did not use? Conversely, can Gurdjieff’s ideas and practices be used to understand scripture in other traditions? For Gurdjieff, the important lens of scrutiny was not “scripture” but his own categories of “objective art” and “subjective art.” He considered at least some of his writings to be objective art, constructed in accordance with cosmic laws. For him, the being-state (the total condition) of both the writer and the reader or listener, was as important as the ideas imbibed, for delivery and reception are in dynamic relation. Finally, the controversy surrounding the revision of his First Series, published in 1992 and retranslated by 2006, is examined. The evidence suggests that while Gurdjieff did contemplate that typographical and minor errors might be corrected, he would have deprecated the full-scale revision of the entire English text which was undertaken, as substituting “subjective” for “objective” art.

Editorial Bodies: Perfection and Rejection in Ancient Rhetoric and Poetics by Michele Kennerly

Reviewed by: Editorial Bodies: Perfection and Rejection in Ancient Rhetoric and Poetics by Michele Kennerly David L. Marshall Michele Kennerly, Editorial Bodies: Perfection and Rejection in Ancient Rhetoric and Poetics. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2018. 242 pp. ISBN: 9781108426237 There exists a set of topoi still alive—undead—within ancient, medieval, and early modem historiographies of rhetoric that circles “the loss of politics” as the crucial fact when it comes to narrating the coming into being and passing away of rhetoric. Politics itself as an object of such attachment may take several forms, but it is the beginning and sine qua non of rhetorical [End Page 91] application. In her disciplined yet frequently humorous Editorial Bodies, Michele Kennerly boils the politics-as-lost-object topoi down to the bone: “oratory flourishes in democracies only, the Hellenistic age [for example] was undemocratic, ergo there were no speeches worth preserving” (56). Kennerly tilts at the politics-as-lost-object topoi (and contests this characterization of the Hellenic) from a refreshing and subtle angle—that of editing, revision, what she terms “ corpus-care” (15). For her, turning to the curation of texts with rhetorical attention is not the reluctant decision of a culture that has lost its opportunities to speak and decide together in public. As Kennerly puts it, “rather than being indicators of political decline or decadence, polished and published prose and verse point to contestation over what sort of words best sustain communal life,” and, in this way, “writing is no less democratic or republican than speaking: the two verbal forms live parallel lives” (209). Hers is also a re-reading of the early histories of both Greek and Roman rhetoric showing how concern for the written record was always at issue alongside concern for the oral performance. Kennerly’s approach yields instructive angles on a series of authors. We encounter what she calls “Horace’s meticulous file,” his editorial metaphor of choice for smoothing stylistic burrs. But Kennerly pushes against “a prevailing view on Horace’s strictures on the stilus-, that he ‘made a virtue out of a political necessity’”—“the ‘necessity’ being the need to watch one’s words as the imperial period gained force” (109). In her reading, Ovid is someone who “displays his editorial body” cultivating thereby “the image of a man trying to correct his mistakes” (134), and this leads to “the (cultivated) shabbiness of his corpora,” which for Kennerly “accords with their tristis situation” (139). Political exile means disheveled self-consuming textual performance. In reference to Quintilian, editing implies compilation and overview stemming from care, and “the enmbased lexical family is the progenitor of ‘curative’ and ‘curation,’ both of which apply to Quintilian’s labors: he sees what ails various oratorical corpora and means to cure them through his curation of rhetoric’s traditions and orations” (164). Editing, reworking, compiling, creating a summative edition—all these should be understood in terms of established rhetorical topoi. Just so, in Quintilian, compiling is also a form of ethopoetic exercise, and such processes become “habituation hexis (Greek, lit. ‘having’)” rendered sometimes, as we know, “in Latin as facilitas (ease)” (162). Always, Kennerly is attentive to the embodiments of writing and editing. In Latin, she relays, the “edowords”—at the root of “edit” and its variants—were themselves richly enmeshed in a slew of metaphors “from giving birth, to uttering words, to presenting something for inspection, to displaying it publicly, to publishing it” and did not denote “prepublic textual activities” (2). And the terms ancient Romans did use for textual revision drew on a range of artisan prototypes: “they dragged away, cut out, pressed, smoothed, polished, hammered, filed, and shaved” (2). On the Greek side, “gluing” was an important metaphor domain because it had pertinent literal applications too: “writers would glue papyrus patches atop errors to hide them or to insert emendations on top of them” (29). Again, [End Page 92] Kennerly is quick to note that “turning the stilus” was “idiomatic for rubbing out with the flat end of the stilus something written into a wax tablet with the pointed end” (79). It should thus come as no surprise that, although this work is ancient in...