Scientific Revolution Research Articles

New horizons of law: from electronic jurisdiction to the model criminal code of the Metaverse

The Scientific and Technical Revolution 5.0 and Web 3.0 technologies create conditions for the renovation of various forms of social relations with the use of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the Metaverse. According to the proposed theory, legal regulation of social relations in the Metaverse requires the development of a comprehensive electronic jurisdiction based on the latest basic legislation. The formation of legal regulation of the Metaverse is a prerequisite for the need to form an electronic jurisdiction of the Metaverse, which will include sectoral Metaverse Codes. The Metaverse, as the electronic society of the future, does not yet have clear legal boundaries, and the task of scholars is to predict and outline with sufficient certainty the future contours of legal authority for virtual environments. Today, discussions in the scientific community about the feasibility and necessity of legal regulation of the Metaverse often revolve around several key issues. First, there is the question of what legal framework should be applied in the Metaverse and how to resolve conflicts between different legal systems. Second, there is a debate about whether current regulatory bodies in the physical world have the capacity to effectively regulate the Metaverse through existing laws and regulations. Third, there is the question of how to deal with offenses that occur in the virtual environment, and whether they should be regulated by existing tort or criminal law, or whether a separate cross-border electronic jurisdiction should be created. The regulation of social relations within the Metaverse should focus on one central goal: to clearly define the status of electronic entities, subjects, objects, establish their rights, duties and responsibilities, and define the different types of relations between virtual entities, subjects and objects within a particular Metaverse, as well as between different Metaverse within an electronic jurisdiction and in a cross-border context. A crucial component of Metaverse electronic jurisdiction is a Metaverse Model Criminal Code that will outline the norms and offenses applicable to analogue, mixed and electronic jurisdictions. This code will define the types of socially harmful acts or crimes, as well as the corresponding criminal penalties that will be applied within the Metaverse. The formation of the electronic jurisdiction of the Metaverse and the development of a Metaverse Model Criminal Code is a topical scientific and legal issue.

Research on Digital Economy Driving High Quality Development of China's Manufacturing Industry

As an important driving force of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change, the digital economy plays a key role in the high-quality development of China's manufacturing industry. This paper discusses in depth the profound impact of the digital economy on China's manufacturing industry, as well as the transformation and upgrading path of the manufacturing industry in this context. It is found that the digital economy has reshaped the value chain of the manufacturing industry through technological innovation, model innovation and organisational innovation, promoting the improvement of production efficiency and the optimisation of industrial structure. Driven by the digital economy, manufacturing enterprises have actively embraced digital technologies, such as cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, etc., which have promoted product personalisation, servicing and networking, and realised the transformation from traditional manufacturing to smart manufacturing. In addition, the digital economy has spawned new growth points and industrial ecosystems, such as the industrial Internet and platform economy, which have further stimulated the innovation vitality of the manufacturing industry. Government policy guidance and support, such as the construction of digital infrastructure, the opening of data resources, and the creation of an innovative environment, have played an important role in promoting this process. However, the digitisation process also involves issues such as data security, privacy protection, and skills gaps, which need to be properly addressed by improving regulations and enhancing education and training. To summarise, the digital economy has opened up new space for the high-quality development of China's manufacturing sector, but it also poses new challenges. Manufacturing enterprises, the government and relevant stakeholders need to work together to seize the opportunities of the digital economy and deal with the complex issues brought about by digital transformation, in order to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth in the manufacturing sector. This will not only help the manufacturing industry to maintain its leading position in global competition, but will also inject a strong impetus into the transformation, upgrading and sustained prosperity of China's economy.

The philosophy of thomas kuhn: paradigms and scientific revolutions in islamic scholarship

The philosophy of thomas kuhn: paradigms and scientific revolutions in islamic scholarship

Cardiorenal Syndrome: An Evolutionary Appraisal.

A recent American Heart Association Scientific Statement and Presidential Advisory recognized a new syndrome, the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. This expands our understanding of what has been called cardiorenal syndrome by incorporating the pathophysiological interrelatedness of metabolic risk factors into the previous concept of cardiorenal syndrome. Importantly, perturbation of cardiac or renal physiology combines to produce significant detrimental outcomes. The cardiorenal syndrome is a significant part of the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and contributes to health care cost, disability, and mortality. It is a vexing malady that has generated considerable interest. To understand the syndrome evaluation of its teleological origins is important. In life's beginning, eukaryotes acquired exocytosis for excretion, formed tubular secretory systems for clearance, and a mesenchymal nucleic acid vasoform for nutritional distribution. Those structures progressed to cardiovascular and renal systems of evolving organisms, whose migration to rivers and land imposed complex, coordinated, homeostatic roles to maintain intravascular stability. Tissue mineralization of vertebrate endoskeleton added renal calcium balance regulation, which in kidney failure results in cardiovascular calcification. Insight into cardiorenal disease can be traced to ancient Egyptian and Chinese medicine, through the Scientific Revolution, and into current insights regarding human physiology and pathophysiology. The post-World War II epidemic of cardiovascular mortality generated considerable information on cardiovascular disease, which being higher in patients with kidney disease, drew increasing health concerns. The cardiorenal syndrome was formally introduced in this setting with a focus on ultrafiltration to manage volume overload. An evolutionary review of insight into cardiorenal syndrome will help us better understand the new cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.

Implikasi Revolusi Sains Thomas S. Khun dalam Media Dakwah

Thomas Khun in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions argues that the paradigm shift from the old paradigm to the new paradigm produces scientific breakthroughs that are revolutionary, both partially and thoroughly. The paradigm shift occurs in several stages before the new paradigm replaces the previous paradigm. Islam continues to spread its teachings through various means, including utilizing electronic media such as radio and television. The shift to digital da'wah media affects the way da'wah activists organize, distribute and manage religious messages. This research is library research, which is research that uses literature in the form of books, articles, and the like. The result of this article is that a shift in the point of view or paradigm of da'wah media will occur when digital da'wah media proves to be more effective in achieving da'wah goals and can well meet the needs of the audience. This new paradigm is the result of the application of information and communication technology that is more interactive, participatory and decentralized in the dissemination of religious messages.

The Scientific Revolution of Evolutionary Psychology: Current Status and Future Directions. A Commentary on Zagaria (2024)

The Scientific Revolution of Evolutionary Psychology: Current Status and Future Directions. A Commentary on Zagaria (2024)

The College Essay is Not Dead

Comparing and reflecting on the structures and outcomes of research projects for both a required first-year writing course, Writing as Inquiry, and an elective advanced history seminar, Popular Culture and the Scientific Revolution, which the author taught simultaneously at NYU Shanghai during the Spring 2023 semester, yields several strategies that instructors can implement to help deter students from using ChatGPT, and other AI tools, to generate their research essays. These strategies include making essays one component of larger scaffolded assignments in which students are explicit about their research process, devoting class time to brainstorming and discussion at the beginning of, and key points throughout, a project, providing periodic feedback from the instructor and classmates, requiring students to utilize available university resources, such as libraries and academic resource centers, and intervening to create additional personalized scaffolding for students who are struggling. By doing so, students can continue to gain the information literacy, critical analysis, and organizational skills—as well as the ability to express themselves clearly—that writing college essays provides.

LAS TRIACAS, AYER Y HOY

The history of theriaca reveals several attributes of humankind in their relation to medicine that enriches their present understanding. A compound of numerous simples, it reigned through twenty centuries as a panacea against diverse ailments, was a symbol of therapeutic progress, and sustained the interest and hope of learned and lay people of many cultures and civilizations. Its fame and commercial success drove the apparition of copies and falsifications that have persisted under the names of their creators, the city of origin, or some special char­acteristics. Most famous are mithridatium, theriaca magna of Andromachus, diatessaron or of the poor, and Venice theriaca. Of Greeks origin, it grew in fame mainly due to Galen and an unknown contemporary in Rome. Byzantine, Arab and Persian medical authors, and later others in Montpellier, Salerno and Padua, preserved the ancient writings and elaborated on them. The apparition of bubonic plague meant an enormous impulse to its use, augmented by the commercial strategy of Venice, and amplified by the printing of numerous pamphlets and books. The Scientific Revolution and the diffusion of its ideas marked the beginning of its decline, but it was still present in most European pharmacopeias until the end of the 19th cen­tury. We propose that fear, greed and credulity were seminal factors in its success, conditions still present today in medical marketing, quackery and falsifications, unnecessary care, medical consumerism, and unregulated alternative medicines and cosmetic industries.

Research on the Construction of Intelligent Library Micro-services System

With the advancement of the construction of smart libraries in China, grasping the new opportunities of scientific and technological revolution, providing micro-services based on their own resources to meet users' knowledge and information needs has become an important way for libraries to improve their own resource utilization, realize service upgrading and show their own value. Among many cutting-edge technologies, small programs based on micro-services have won the favor of the construction of smart library micro-services because of their characteristics of no download and instant search. However, at present, there are still many problems in smart library micro-services, such as lack of innovation in service content, single application of small program and lack of perfect service system. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to deeply explore and study smart library micro-services.

Reform and Innovation of the Training Method of Outstanding Software Engineers under the "Six Excellence and One Top-Notch" Plan

In the face of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation in the new era, China's engineering education is facing new requirements and challenges. In order to support the new development strategy of engineering education in China, the "Excellence Plan 2.0" provides an overall idea for actively exploring the engineering education system with Chinese characteristics, building a new talent training model, implementing diversified teaching methods, and building a high-level engineering education teaching team. In order to promote China's engineering education standards to the world and promote the improvement of China's engineering education status in the world, it is urgent to cultivate interdisciplinary talents with engineering practice ability and innovation ability. In view of the current situation and the main problems of the engineering talent training system in China's colleges and universities, this paper makes a preliminary analysis and reflection on the reform and innovation of outstanding engineer training from the aspects of practical teaching, reform and innovation of talent training mode, talent team construction, and school-enterprise cooperation.

Концепция промышленных революций: вклад Н. Винера и А.И. Анчишкина

The article examines the concepts of two industrial revolutions by the founder of cybernetics, N. Wiener, and three industrial revolutions by the founder of the Russian school of macroeconomic forecasting, academician A.I. Anchishkin, in the context of the evolution of economic concepts of the second Industrial Revolution and the scientific and technical revolution (STR). The shift in the meaning of the concept of the second industrial revolution is revealed – from the reformist synonym of the STR to a retrospective characterization of global shifts in technology and the world economy during the second half of the XIX century and early XX century. Special attention is paid to the infrastructural aspects of the second industrial revolution. The contribution of the Russian political economist A.I. Chuprov and the founder of graphic neoclassicism A. Marshall to their understanding is emphasized.

Development of an Evaluation System for Intelligent Construction Using System Dynamics Modeling

Under the new wave of scientific and technological revolution, the construction industry finds itself with a critical need to alter the traditional and outdated production mode through technological innovation in order to realize industry transformation and move towards a new era characterized by digitalization, informatization, and intelligence. As intelligent construction is the indispensable pathway for the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry, it is of great significance to conduct in-depth research on its evaluation indicators and causality. This paper adopts the system dynamics method, based on the overall structure of intelligent construction, extracts the causality chain and causal feedback loop of intelligent construction, and presents a causality diagram and system dynamics diagram to build a robust system dynamics model for intelligent construction. On this basis, an evaluation index system for intelligent construction is constructed from the five dimensions—investment, design, construction, operation, and environment—for a holistic assessment of the current state of intelligent construction. The research aims to provide a valuable reference for professionals focusing on intelligent construction and the broader development of the industry.

Leaps of Knowledge

Chagas Disease is the main cause of heart failure in the Western Hemisphere. Initially restricted to the American continent, the people's migration to the Northern Hemisphere caused the disease to become present in the five continents. A scientific revolution occurs when an important discovery removes an obstacle to the serial production of new scientific knowledge of social interest. Such a revolution creates a paradigm accepted after experimental analysis and verification by scientists investigating the subject. An example of a leap in knowledge was the discovery of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, its invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, an agent of a new human disease recognized by Dr. Carlos Chagas at the beginning of the twentieth century. Certainly, the seminal work of Carlos Chagas inseminates enthusiasm that is essential to disturb the minds of scientists who produce leaps of knowledge about recondite aspects of Chagas disease at the University of Brasilia.

Dual therapy of cancer using optimal control supported by swarm intelligence.

The scientific revolution in the treatment of many illnesses has been significantly aided by stem cells. This paper presents an optimal control on a mathematical model of chemotherapy and stem cell therapy for cancer treatment. To develop effective hybrid techniques that combine the optimal control theory (OCT) with the evolutionary algorithm and multi-objective swarm algorithm. The developed technique is aimed to reduce the number of cancerous cells while utilizing the minimum necessary chemotherapy medications and minimizing toxicity to protect patients' health. Two hybrid techniques are proposed in this paper. Both techniques combined OCT with the evolutionary algorithm and multi-objective swarm algorithm which included MOEA/D, MOPSO, SPEA II and PESA II. This study evaluates the performance of two hybrid techniques in terms of reducing cancer cells and drug concentrations, as well as computational time consumption. In both techniques, MOEA/D emerges as the most effective algorithm due to its superior capability in minimizing tumour size and cancer drug concentration. This study highlights the importance of integrating OCT and evolutionary algorithms as a robust approach for optimizing cancer chemotherapy treatment.

Digital economy development and export upgrading: Theoretical analysis based on Chinese experience

AbstractThe development of the digital economy in China has not only led to a revolution in science and technology and its industry transformation but also affected China's export upgrading. This article uses the provincial‐level panel data of China's export products from 2012 to 2019 to explore the impact and mechanism of digital economy development on export upgrading. The result shows that the development of the digital economy generally promotes the technical complexity of exports, which is more significant in regions with higher resource allocation efficiency. The mediation effect test finds that the development of the technology market and human capital improvement are the two basic paths of the digital economy to promote export upgrading. The conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests, such as replacing the explanatory variables and using instrumental variables.

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Courses in Phage and Bacterial Genetics: A Catalyst for Innovation in Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Microbiology.

The ability to answer complex scientific questions depends on the experimental methods available. New methods often allow scientists to answer questions that were previously intractable, leading to discoveries that often dramatically change a field. Beginning with Max Delbrück's famous summer phage course at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in 1945, the Phage, Bacterial Genetics, and Advanced Bacterial Genetics courses have provided hands-on experiences to generations of scientists that facilitated the broad adoption of new experimental methods into laboratories around the world. These methods have led to discoveries that changed the way we think about genetics, bacteria, and viruses, transforming our understanding of biology. The impact of these courses has been further amplified by published laboratory manuals that provide detailed protocols for the evolving experimental toolkit. These courses catalyzed intensive and critical discourse about ideas that were previously intractable and provided novel experimental approaches to answer new questions-a process that epitomizes Thomas Kuhn's concepts of Scientific Revolution, spinning off the new field of Molecular Biology and dramatically changing the field of microbiology.

A win-win relationship? New evidence on artificial intelligence and new energy vehicles

Investigating the vital role of artificial intelligence is essential to develop the electric vehicle market. This study utilises the wavelet-based QQR methodology to seize the dynamic correlation of artificial intelligence index (AII) and electric vehicle indicator (EVI). Based on quantitative deliberations, the favourable effects of AII on EVI at low-low and high-high quantiles and adverse impacts at high-low and low-high quantiles in the short run confirm the role of artificial intelligence in facilitating the electric vehicle market. However, the favourable effect of AII at medium to high quantiles on EVI at low quantiles refutes it because of the crowding-out effect. Conversely, the positive impact of EVI at medium to high quantiles on AII at low to medium quantiles ascertains the crowding-out effect of electric vehicles, while AII at medium to high quantiles cannot agree on it due to safety and convenience needs. In the mid-to-long term, the interactions of AII and EVI are gradually weakened, and speculative behaviours, crowding-out effects, and safety concerns drive the different cases. Therefore, a win-win situation between them does not always hold, and recommendations are being offered to enhance the significance of artificial intelligence in electric vehicles under the new round of scientific and technological revolution.

How Men of Letters Invented a Scientific Revolution

How Men of Letters Invented a Scientific Revolution

Applications of AI

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a revolution in computer science that will become an integral part of all modern software in the coming years and decades. This situation creates opportunities as well as threats. Artificial intelligence will be used to improve defense and cybercrime. Additionally, new cyberattack techniques have been developed to exploit specific weaknesses in intelligence technology. Artificial intelligence is a broad field of computing that enables understanding, reasoning and action. The amount of information created by humans and machines today exceeds the human ability to absorb this information, interpret it and make complex decisions based on it. This article explores the characteristics, uses, development and success of artificial intelligence.

Carbon-polymer composites for environmental applications

Abstract Carbon polymer nanocomposite is a type of composite material that combines carbon-based materials with polymers and nanoparticles to achieve enhanced properties. These materials are designed to take advantage of the unique properties of each constituent to create a new material with superior performance compared to individual components. Nanocomposites composed of carbon-based polymers are the wonder and novel materials of contemporary research. At the forefront of a more recent scientific revolution, both material science and composite science are involved. Polymer science and nanotechnology are inextricably linked in today’s modern science. The subjects of environmental engineering science and nanotechnology require focused attention since these professions currently offer limited solutions for the increasingly pressing problems of groundwater contaminated with heavy metal and drinking water purification. Carbon polymer composites play a significant role in numerous modern applications due to their excellent electrical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal capabilities. Carbon polymer composites are viewed as desirable candidates for the manufacture of nanocomposite materials due to their nanoscale geometries, high aspect ratio, and specific surface area. Due to the shape-dependent nature of their physical and chemical characteristics as well as their thickness, carbon polymer nanocomposites have demonstrated excellent catalytic activity in organic chemical processes. It has been discovered that the catalytic product from the usage of carbon polymer nanocomposites is of tremendous utility in a variety of sectors, inclusive of material sciences, medicinal, and nutritional for biotechnology. As a result, the demand for carbon nanocomposites has grown quickly and the creation of new preparation techniques elevates a higher level of interaction.