Revolutionary Strategy Research Articles

Hydrogels Innovation: A Review on Recent Development, Characterization, and Applications

Hydrogels are special materials that can hold a large amount of water and form 3D networks. In the past few years, there have been exciting improvements in hydrogel technology, bringing new ideas to many different areas. By trying out new materials like smart hydrogels that can respond to different conditions, provided new ways to deliver medicine precisely, build tissues, and create wearable gadgets. Among the most significant developments is the creation of smart hydrogels, which can react dynamically to different environmental stimuli. With their ability to release therapeutic chemicals under regulated conditions in response to particular physiological cues, these intelligent materials have enormous potential for the administration of precision medicine. These kinds of customized drug delivery systems have the power to completely change how treatments are administered by reducing adverse effects and increasing therapeutic efficacy. Hydrogels are also useful in tissue engineering, where they are used as scaffolds to create biological tissues that function. Hydrogel-based tissue constructions, which imitate the extracellular matrix, offer a favorable microenvironment for cell proliferation and differentiation, promoting the healing of injured or ill tissues. With its enormous potential in regenerative medicine, this revolutionary strategy offers hope for the treatment of ailments including organ failure. this article gives a thorough look at the recent developments in hydrogels, characterization techniques, and the new application of hydrogels in various fields of science. In summary, new developments in hydrogel technology have opened up a plethora of opportunities in a variety of scientific fields. The adaptable properties of hydrogels continue to spur innovation in a variety of fields, including wearable technology, tissue engineering, and precision medicine. These applications offer revolutionary answers to urgent social issues.

Exploring Intra-Articular Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies as a Novel Approach to Osteoarthritis Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Biological drugs, including monoclonal antibodies, represent a revolutionary strategy in all fields of medicine, offering promising results even in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). However, their safety and efficacy have not been fully validated, highlighting the need for in-depth studies. Therefore, we provided a comprehensive systematic review of the intra-articular use of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of OA in animal models, reflecting ongoing efforts to advance therapeutic strategies and improve patient outcomes. A systematic literature search was conducted in December 2023 following the PRISMA guidelines, using the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PUBMED databases. Out of a total of 456, 10 articles were included in the study analyzing intra-articular antibodies and focusing on various targets, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), interleukin 4-10 (IL4-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5), and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13). Most studies administered the antibodies weekly, ranging from 1 to 10 injections. Animal models varied, with mean follow-up periods of 8.9 ± 4.1 weeks. The methods of assessing outcomes, including pain and morpho-functional changes, varied. Some studies reported only morphological and immunohistochemical data, while others included a quantitative analysis of protein expression. In conclusion, monoclonal antibodies represent a promising avenue in the treatment of OA, offering targeted approaches to modulate disease pathways. Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate their safety and efficacy, with the potential to revolutionize the management of OA and reduce reliance on prosthetic interventions.

From Lenin To Leninism

In “From Lenin to Leninism,” Osvaldo Coggiola examines the evolution of Lenin's influence on the 20th century, as recognized by Eric Hobsbawm. Lenin's leadership during the October Revolution and the subsequent establishment of the Soviet state left an indelible mark on global history. This paper traces the transformation of Lenin's ideas into “Leninism,” a doctrine formalized posthumously, which became a foundation for the international communist movement. Coggiola highlights the contrast between Lenin's practical approach to revolutionary strategy and the rigid, bureaucratic interpretation that Stalin later imposed. The analysis delves into Lenin's theoretical contributions, particularly his views on the agrarian question and the proletarian revolution, while critiquing the subsequent misappropriation and mythologization of his legacy. This historical re-examination underscores Lenin's complex legacy and its implications for contemporary socialist thought and practice

STING-Activating Small Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Immuno-oncology has become a revolutionary strategy for cancer treatment. Therapeutic interventions based on adaptive immunity through immune checkpoint therapy or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have received clinical approval for monotherapy and combination treatment in various cancers. Although these treatments have achieved clinical successes, only a minority of cancer patients show a response, highlighting the urgent need to discover new therapeutic molecules that could be exploited to improve clinical outcomes and pave the way for the next generation of immunotherapy. Given the critical role of the innate immune system against infection and cancer, substantial efforts have been dedicated to developing novel anticancer therapeutics that target these pathways. Targeting the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is a powerful strategy to generate a durable antitumor response, and activation of the adaptor protein STING induces the initiation of transcriptional cascades, thereby producing type I interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Various STING agonists, including natural or synthetic cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), have been developed as anticancer therapeutics. However, since most CDNs are confined to intratumoral administration, there has been a great interest in developing non-nucleotide agonists for systemic treatment. Here, we review the current development of STING-activating therapeutics in both preclinical and clinical stages.

Alzheimer’s disease: A CRISPR/CAS9-mediated therapeutic approach

The degenerative nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its severe effects on cognitive function present a major challenge to worldwide healthcare systems. CRISPR/Cas9, one of the most recent developments in gene-editing technology, has created new opportunities to investigate possible AD treatment approaches. The present state of AD research is reviewed in this paper, along with the possibility of using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated methods to target important genetic elements involved in AD pathogenesis. Through targeted gene editing linked to tau protein malfunction, neuroinflammation, and amyloid-beta accumulation, CRISPR/Cas9 presents a viable approach to altering the molecular course of disease. Additionally, using CRISPR/Cas9 in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may lead to personalized medicine strategies for the treatment of AD. Issues like delivery strategies, off-target impacts, and moral dilemmas are also covered. All things considered, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to AD research is a fresh and potentially revolutionary strategy for creating targeted treatments for this intricate neurodegenerative illness. For the purpose of treating AD, more preclinical and clinical research is necessary to confirm the security and effectiveness of CRISPR/Cas9-based therapies. With the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, precise and effective genome modification is possible, enabling targeted editing of particular genes linked to the pathophysiology of AD. Thanks to this technology, genetic mutations in the presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes that are linked to family types of AD can be corrected. It is feasible to restore normal protein function and possibly lessen the pathogenic processes that underlie AD by fixing these mutations.

Drug tolerant persister cell plasticity in cancer: A revolutionary strategy for more effective anticancer therapies.

Non-genetic mechanisms have recently emerged as important drivers of anticancer drug resistance. Among these, the drug tolerant persister (DTP) cell phenotype is attracting more and more attention and giving a predominant non-genetic role in cancer therapy resistance. The DTP phenotype is characterized by a quiescent or slow-cell-cycle reversible state of the cancer cell subpopulation and inert specialization to stimuli, which tolerates anticancer drug exposure to some extent through the interaction of multiple underlying mechanisms and recovering growth and proliferation after drug withdrawal, ultimately leading to treatment resistance and cancer recurrence. Therefore, targeting DTP cells is anticipated to provide new treatment opportunities for cancer patients, although our current knowledge of these DTP cells in treatment resistance remains limited. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the formation characteristics and underlying drug tolerant mechanisms of DTP cells, investigate the potential drugs for DTP (including preclinical drugs, novel use for old drugs, and natural products) based on different medicine models, and discuss the necessity and feasibility of anti-DTP therapy, related application forms, and future issues that will need to be addressed to advance this emerging field towards clinical applications. Nonetheless, understanding the novel functions of DTP cells may enable us to develop new more effective anticancer therapy and improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients.

LIM domain only 7: a novel driver of immune evasion through regulatory T cell differentiation and chemotaxis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

With advancements in genomics and immunology, immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary strategy for tumor treatment. However, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), an immunologically "cold" tumor, exhibits limited responsiveness to immunotherapy. This study aimed to address the urgent need to uncover PDAC's immune microenvironment heterogeneity and identify the molecular mechanisms driving immune evasion. Using single-cell RNA sequencing datasets and spatial proteomics, we discovered LIM domain only 7 (LMO7) in PDAC cells as a previously unrecognized driver of immune evasion through Treg cell enrichment. LMO7 was positively correlated with infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) and dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated LMO7's significant role in promoting Treg cell differentiation and chemotaxis while inhibiting CD8+ T cells and natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, LMO7, through its LIM domain, directly bound and promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of Foxp1. Foxp1 negatively regulated transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) expression by binding to sites 2 and I/III, respectively. Elevated TGF-β and CCL5 levels contribute to Treg cell enrichment, inducing immune evasion in PDAC. Combined treatment with TGF-β/CCL5 antibodies, along with LMO7 inhibition, effectively reversed immune evasion in PDAC, activated the immune response, and prolonged mouse survival. Therefore, this study identified LMO7 as a novel facilitator in driving immune evasion by promoting Treg cell enrichment and inhibiting cytotoxic effector functions. Targeting the LMO7-Foxp1-TGF-β/CCL5 axis holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for PDAC. Graphical abstract revealing LMO7 as a novel facilitator in driving immune evasion by promoting Tregs differentiation and chemotaxis, inducing CD8+ T/natural killer cells inhibition.

Targeted degradation of membrane and extracellular proteins with LYTACs.

Targeted protein degradation technology has gained substantial momentum over the past two decades as a revolutionary strategy for eliminating pathogenic proteins that are otherwise refractory to treatment. Among the various approaches developed to harness the body's innate protein homeostasis mechanisms for this purpose, lysosome targeting chimeras (LYTACs) that exploit the lysosomal degradation pathway by coupling the target proteins with lysosome-trafficking receptors represent the latest innovation. These chimeras are uniquely tailored to degrade proteins that are membrane-bound and extracellular, encompassing approximately 40% of all proteome. Several novel LYTAC formulas have been developed recently, providing valuable insights for the design and development of therapeutic degraders. This review delineates the recent progresses of LYTAC technology, its practical applications, and the factors that dictate target degradation efficiency. The potential and emerging trends of this technology are discussed as well. LYTAC technology offers a promising avenue for targeted protein degradation, potentially revolutionizing the therapeutic landscape for numerous diseases.

Enhancing e-KYC Security and Privacy: Harnessing Quantum Computing and Blockchain in Web 3.0

By implementing a successful and effective Electronic- Know Your Customer (e-KYC) infrastructure, conventional defects and expenses may be greatly reduced. Strong authentication procedures are used by existing e-KYC solutions to guarantee safety and confidentiality. However, these technologies have shortcomings like as key administration expenses and dependency on encryption. We suggest a revolutionary strategy that integrates blockchain technology, Web 3.0, and quantum computing to get around these restrictions. In this research, we show how current e-KYC processes could possibly be improved, making them faster and more reliable, by integrating Web 3.0 with quantum computing. Our solution makes it simple to quickly verify several consumers, increasing productivity. We provide improved safety for online requests, transcending the weaknesses inherent in traditional encryption techniques by utilizing quantum computing technology and applying the concept of quantum encryption key methodology. We contribute to the development of safe and private solutions by addressing the shortcomings of the present e-KYC systems. The results of our research show how Web 3.0 and quantum computer technology have the power to completely alter the e-KYC environment

Influence of Ni-doping on CuCo2O4 electrode for enhanced supercapacitor performance and sustainable energy storage

This work provides a revolutionary strategy for creating high-performance supercapacitors by designing and fabricating a unique nanostructured bimetallic oxide electrode. The proposed electrode leveraged the synergistic effects of metal oxides to enhance both energy density and charge-discharge kinetics. Ni-doped CuCo2O4 nanostructures (Cu1-xNixCo2O4) were synthesized in incremental order (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) by facile sol-gel auto-combustion route. The nanostructures analyzed through x-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, Micro-Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning electron microscopy revealed the single phase and polycrystalline nature of CuCo2O4, with some impurity phases of CuO. The surface morphology studies showed numerous pores among the grains of Cu1-xNixCo2O4. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to investigate the electrochemical performance of synthesized Cu1-xNixCo2O4 samples. In a 3 M KOH electrolyte solution, the Cu1-xNixCo2O4 electrodes with x = 0.05 exhibited 2340 Fg−1 specific capacitance at 5 mVs−1, demonstrating superior electrochemical performance with excellent rate capability. Furthermore, it exhibited 35.88 Whkg−1 energy density, an exceptional 2484.74 Wkg−1 power density, and retained 99.9 % capacitance after 5000 cycles, demonstrating good stability. The results suggest that porous bimetallic oxide nanostructures can be promising candidates for the development of high-performance, environmentally friendly supercapacitors.

Matching-up modularity methodology application within the built environment: a bibliometric review

ABSTRACT Over the past several years, modularity methodology has drawn a lot of attention in the built environment and become a key area of emphasis for the construction sector. By disassembling a structure into standardised, prefabricated parts or modules that may be produced off-site and then assembled on-site, modularity is a construction technique. In order to identify possible research gaps for future studies, this study attempts to evaluate the research studies carried out on modularity technique in the built environment domain. The study also seeks to extract information from present research domain. The SCOPUS database was thoroughly searched for papers pertaining to modularity technique in the built environment using a scientometric review. Research articles from 2019 to 2024 were included in the study, which provided important insights into the themes and developments in the field of modularity methodology. The results showed that modularity technique is becoming more popular, as seen by the large number of publications in 2019. Interestingly, the study found a research gap and very little cooperation with other new developments in the built environment, like digital twins, novel materials, maximising land use, and circular economies. Cluster analysis revealed that the majority of research in this area focuses on the modularity methodology’s component parts, with little investigation into real-world applications across a range of disciplines. The study’s practical implications highlight the necessity for academics, practitioners, and policymakers in the construction sector to take modularity methodology into consideration as a workable and revolutionary strategy.

Dual inhibitors of DNMT and HDAC remodels the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy

Colorectal cancer is the second most prevalent and deadly cancer worldwide. The emergence of immune checkpoint therapy has provided a revolutionary strategy for the treatment of solid tumors. However, less than 5 % of colorectal cancer patients respond to immune checkpoint therapy. Thus, it is of great scientific significance to develop “potentiators” for immune checkpoint therapy. In this study, we found that knocking down different DNMT and HDAC isoforms could increase the expression of IFNs in colorectal cancer cells, which can enhance the effectiveness of immune checkpoint therapy. Therefore, the combined inhibition of DNMT and HDAC cloud synergistically enhance the effect of immunotherapy. We found that dual DNMT and HDAC inhibitors C02S could inhibit tumor growth in immunocompetent mice but not in immunocompromised nude mice, which indicates that C02S exerts its antitumor effects through the immune system. Mechanistically, C02S could increase the expression of ERVs, which generated the intracellular levels of dsRNA in tumor cells, and then promotes the expression of IFNs through the RIG-I/MDA5-MAVS signaling pathway. Moreover, C02S increased the immune infiltration of DCs and T cells in microenvironment, and enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy in MC38 and CT26 mice model. These results confirmed that C02S can activate IFNs through the RIG-I/MDA5-MAVS signaling pathway, remodel the tumor immune microenvironment and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy, which provides new evidence and solutions for the development of “potentiator” for colorectal cancer immunotherapy.

Capture enhanced neutron irradiation for the treatment of the Alzheimer Disease: Micro-nanodosimetric characterization of beta amyloid peptide samples

Alzheimer Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. 46.8 million people live with AD worldwide, with numbers projected to almost double every 20 years. The etiological mechanisms underlying the neuropathological changes in AD remain unclear. The beta amyloid peptide Aβ is considered to be the main culprit of the pathological processes. NECTAR (NEutron Capture-enhanced Treatment of neurotoxic Amyloid aggRegates) project proposes an alternative and revolutionary strategy to address AD, investigating the safety, feasibility and effectiveness of a Capture-Enhanced Neutron Irradiation to structurally damage Aβ aggregates, by exploiting capture agent vectors containing B-10 and Gd-157.Among many others, one of the goals of the project is to perform calculations and measurements of microdosimetric and nanodosimetric quantities to characterize the effect of reaction products at local level and to link it to the fibrils depolymerization process. In this framework, a new low-pressure tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) was designed and developed. The system is a wall-free TEPC able to measure micro-nanometric dose deposition for different biological samples. It is characterized by two main features: i) a wall-less structure allows the charged particles produced by the sample to access the sensitive volume, where their effects are studied; ii) a trigger system enables the assessment of the number of ionizations induced in the sensitive volume related to a single primary particle for obtaining nandosimetric information.The prototype system was tested in the PGNAA (Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis) facility of the LENA reactor (Pavia) to directly study secondary particles from Aβ fibrils, loaded with Boron. Results of the micro-nanodosimetric characterization of high LET secondaries from Aβ-fibrils were compared to a reference Boron sample. For a 500 nm simulated site size, the presence of Boron in the Aβ sample greatly populates microdosimetric spectra at high lineal energy values. Instead, lower LET particles (photons, protons) from reactions on the other Aβ aggregate solution molecules populate the low lineal energy portion of the distribution.The nanodosimetric distributions highlights the presence of different field components on the nanodosimetric spectra: low LET particles (protons/electrons) produce small ionization clusters, while alpha and Lithium ions induce larger clusters, thus have a higher biological effect. The nanodosimetric measurements have been compared with Monte Carlo simulations performed with a track-structure code, showing a good agreement.This multi-level approach provides a deeper physical understanding of the mixed secondaries field coming from B-enriched target, as well as a reference for the biological effect on Aβ fibrils at nanometer level. These preliminary measurements represent the first microdosimetric and nanodosimetric characterization of the secondary mixed field directly emitted by a biological sample irradiated with neutrons.

Bilateral efforts to improve SERS detection efficiency of exosomes by Au/Na7PMo11O39 Combined with Phospholipid Epitope Imprinting

Detection of cancer-related exosomes in body fluids has become a revolutionary strategy for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. We have developed a two-step targeting detection method, termed PS-MIPs-NELISA SERS, for rapid and highly sensitive exosomes detection. In the first step, a phospholipid polar site imprinting strategy was employed using magnetic PS-MIPs (phospholipids-molecularly imprinted polymers) to selectively isolate and enrich all exosomes from urine samples. In the second step, a nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NELISA) technique was utilized. We constructed Au/Na7PMo11O39 nanoparticles (NPs) with both surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) property and peroxidase catalytic activity, followed by the immobilization of CD9 antibodies on the surface of Au/Na7PMo11O39 NPs. The Au/Na7PMo11O39-CD9 antibody complexes were then used to recognize CD9 proteins on the surface of exosomes enriched by magnetic PS-MIPs. Lastly, the high sensitivity detection of exosomes was achieved indirectly via the SERS activity and peroxidase-like activity of Au/Na7PMo11O39 NPs. The quantity of exosomes in urine samples from pancreatic cancer patients obtained by the PS-MIPs-NELISA SERS technique showed a linear relationship with the SERS intensity in the range of 6.21 × 107–2.81 × 108 particles/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.82 × 107 particles/mL. The SERS signal intensity of exosomes in urine samples from pancreatic cancer patients was higher than that of healthy volunteers. This bidirectional MIPs-NELISA-SERS approach enables noninvasive, highly sensitive, and rapid detection of cancer, facilitating the monitoring of disease progression during treatment and opening up a new avenue for rapid early cancer screening.

Railroad Luxemburg: Rosa Luxemburg’s Theory of Infrastructure and its Consequences for a Public Service Internet

Infrastructures of circulation, transportation, and communication play a central role in Luxemburg’s work in political economy as well as revolutionary strategy. This paper seeks to reconstruct and develop a theory of capitalist infrastructural expansion drawing from a variety of Luxemburg’s writings. In Accumulation of Capital, infrastructural expansion – namely of railroads – plays a central role at all stages of capitalist accumulation. Railroads act as a site of military and state investment for introducing the commodity economy to non-capitalist sectors and eventually for the “capitalist emancipation of the hinterland.” At the same time Luxemburg rejects the progressive character of these infrastructural endeavours, and she argues that they will not be a genuine “stamp of progress in an historical sense” until capitalism has been destroyed. It is no coincidence then that her political writings prominently feature figures such as railway and postal workers, who are strategically positioned to strike at the infrastructures of imperialism. A Luxemburgist theory of infrastructure has important relevance for contemporary debates around the expansion and ownership of Internet infrastructures. The past decade has been marked by various calls for new models of Internet ownership. These include The Public Service Internet Manifesto, the Democratic Socialists of America’s Internet for All Campaign, Tarnoff’s Internet for the People, Téwodros Workneh’s “Case for Telecommunications Commons in Ethiopia,” and netCommons Project’s vision for community networks. Such calls for a publicly owned and funded Internet risk reproducing some of the dynamics Luxemburg describes in her account of the history of railroads, canals, telegraphs etc. Namely, such calls parallel the state subsidising of an infrastructure that seeks out new sites of accumulation and extraction. This is not to say that such endeavours should be wholly abandoned, but must fit into a broader anti-capitalist political program, otherwise such infrastructural expansion can be seen as continuing the expansion of capitalist accumulation. Luxemburg deters us from looking for a technical fix. For this reason, Luxemburg’s political writings and her critique of the non-progressive nature of capitalism are also useful as she indicates how the destruction of capitalism can alter and redeem such large infrastructural projects.

Revolutionary Strategy for Depicting Knowledge Graphs with Temporal Attributes

In practical applications, the temporal completeness of knowledge graphs is of great importance. However, previous studies have mostly focused on static knowledge graphs, generally neglecting the dynamic evolutionary properties of facts. Moreover, the unpredictable and limited availability of temporal knowledge graphs, together with the complex temporal dependency patterns, make current models inadequate for effectively describing facts that experience temporal transitions. To better represent the evolution of things over time, we provide a learning technique that uses quaternion rotation to describe temporal knowledge graphs. This technique describes the evolution of entities as a temporal rotation change in quaternion space. Compared to the Ermitian inner product in complex number space, the Hamiltonian product in quaternion space is better at showing how things might be connected. This leads to a learning process that is both more effective and more articulate. Experimental results demonstrate that our learning method significantly outperforms existing methods in capturing the dynamic evolution of temporal knowledge graphs, with improved accuracy and robustness across a range of benchmark datasets.

Soldier Defection as a Revolutionary Strategy in Myanmar

The military coup in Myanmar on February 1, 2021 unleashed massive popular uprising against military rule, which was met with heavy handed military violence. Less than a month after the coup the first soldiers joined the civil disobedience movement (CDM) along with many civil servants who refused to work under the military. The resistance to the military was soon named the Spring Revolution, with calls for pervasive transformation of Myanmar’s political structures and security forces. Military defections gradually developed into a “revolutionary strategy.” This article explores how this development evolved and how defectors were transformed into “revolutionary actors” during the ongoing revolutionary situation. The analysis is based on the personal narratives and collective activities of those soldiers who became active in the CDM. Applying a conversion narrative approach, the article traces the processes of defection from individual disaffection with military violence to the formation of CDM soldier groups and the personal transformation of soldiers. Adding to existing literature on military defections during popular uprisings against authoritarian regimes, the article demonstrates that defection holds significance not only for the outcomes of revolutions, but also for the shaping of revolutionary ideas and practices during revolutionary situations.

Silk fibroin hydrogel adhesive enables sealed-tight reconstruction of meniscus tears

Despite orientationally variant tears of the meniscus, suture repair is the current clinical gold treatment. However, inaccessible tears in company with re-tears susceptibility remain unresolved. To extend meniscal repair tools from the perspective of adhesion and regeneration, we design a dual functional biologic-released bioadhesive (S-PIL10) comprised of methacrylated silk fibroin crosslinked with phenylboronic acid-ionic liquid loading with growth factor TGF-β1, which integrates chemo-mechanical restoration with inner meniscal regeneration. Supramolecular interactions of β-sheets and hydrogen bonds richened by phenylboronic acid-ionic liquid (PIL) result in enhanced wet adhesion, swelling resistance, and anti-fatigue capabilities, compared to neat silk fibroin gel. Besides, elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by S-PIL10 further fortifies localized meniscus tear repair by affecting inflammatory microenvironment with dynamic borate ester bonds, and S-PIL10 continuously releases TGF-β1 for cell recruitment and bridging of defect edge. In vivo rabbit models functionally evidence the seamless and dense reconstruction of torn meniscus, verifying that the concept of meniscus adhesive is feasible and providing a promising revolutionary strategy for preclinical research to repair meniscus tears.

Innovative AI-driven design of patient-specific short femoral stems in primary hip arthroplasty

This innovative study proposes a revolutionary strategy to enhance the efficacy and customization of hip arthroplasty, focusing on a short prosthesis design meticulously tailored to individual patient needs, with special emphasis on the femoral stem. The implemented methodology involves data collection through a meshless software, which quantifies the stress/strain shielding resulting from femoral insertion. Automatic pre-processing is performed using clustering algorithms, allowing the data to be divided into anatomical areas of the body. Subsequently, training of machine learning algorithms, such as random forests and stacking, is carried out to accurately predict the shielding caused by the stem. These predictions are based on design parameters, specifically linked to the patient's femoral cavity dimensions and their relationship to stem size, which are quantified through dimensionless parameters and serve as model inputs. The reliability of the models is confirmed by evaluation of data from patient with different femoral morphology than those used during the training and validation phases. This approach not only provides fast and cost-effective analyses for medical experts and engineers, but the described methodology can also be successfully extended to the development of alternative arthroplasty prostheses, such as shoulder and knee implants.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating exosomal glypican-1 in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is usually detected in the advanced stages. Liquid biopsy has become a revolutionary strategy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating exosomal glypican-1 (GPC-1) in PC. We systematically searched relevant studies. For diagnostic accuracy, pooled sensitivity and specificity and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Regarding prognostic value, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) were summarized by using a random-effects model. We found 8 studies that examined the diagnostic value of circulating exosomal GPC-1 in PC, and 3 studies that investigated its prognostic value. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 (95% CI, 0.65-0.97) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.72-0.94). The AUC was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90-0.95). Prognostic analysis showed that higher levels of circulating exosomal GPC-1 were associated with poorer OS in PC patients, and the combined HR for OS was 4.59 (random-effects model, 95% CI = 1.17-18.03, P = .022). The results of both studies were robust and neither had publication bias. Circulating exosomal GPC-1 may be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PC. However, this result needs to be validated by further research using a larger sample size.