Revival Period Research Articles

MAZHAB FIQIH PADA ZAMAN SEKARANG

There are two fanatical attitudes that develop in Islamic society, namely fanatics within a school and anti-school fanatics. Attitudes and conditions like this have led to disputes and divisions within the body of the Muslims. In fact, not infrequently differences in furu' (branches) issues can trigger fights and bloodshed among fellow Muslims. It is at this point that the issue of schools of thought in Islamic law becomes important for further investigation. The history of the emergence of schools of fiqh occurred in five periods: The growth period (0-1 H century), namely during the time of the Prophet, during the companions and during the tabiin period. The formation period (2-3 H centuries) was the Imam Abu Hanifah School, the Imam Malik School, the Imam Syafii School, the Imam Ahmad School and other schools. The golden period (3-9 H century). Decline period (10th – 13th century H). And the period of revival (14th Century Present). It turns out that practicing madzhab for other than absolute mujtahid is obligatory according to ushul fiqh scholars. And inviting people to leave the schools of thought on the grounds of returning to the Al-Qur'an and al-Sunnah is a futile effort. Schools should be understood as a scientific discipline (manhaj) for us to understand the Qur'an and al-Sunnah. Therefore, the existence of a school of thought in the contemporary era is still needed to harmonize the factual truths of the Qur'an and as-Sunnah.

Substance accumulation of a wetland plant, Leersia japonica, during senescence in the Yihe and Shuhe River Basin, North China.

Leersia japonica is a perennial Gramineae grass that is dominant in shallow wetlands of the Yihe and Shuhe River Basin, North China. Previous studies have shown that L. japonica recovers early (March), tillers strongly, and has an excellent ability to purify sewage in spring. This early revival might play a vital role in water purification function; however, whether the plant benefits from the physiological activities during senescence remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, an experiment was conducted during the winter of 2016 and in the following spring. Morphology (height, biomass, root morphology), physiology (root vitality, malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD]), substance contents (soluble sugar, soluble protein) and substance transportation (activity of enzymes for transportation and energy supply) were determined during weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 of the senescence stage (October 11, 2016); as well as substance contents and bud increments during days 0,7, 14, 21, 31 and 41 of the revival period (February 22, 2017). The results revealed that (1) the root biomass of L. japonica increased significantly during senescence, even after the leaves withered. (2) The root diameter of L. japonica decreased significantly, while root weight per volume and root superficial area per volume increased significantly during senescence. The root vitality was relatively stable in winter, especially for root absorption area per volume. (3) No significant difference was observed in membrane stability of stems, rhizomes and roots of L. japonica in winter, with the MDA content remaining stable and SOD activity increasing significantly during senescence. (4) The soluble sugar content of all tissues of L. japonica increased sharply during senescence; while it decreased significantly in spring, especially for buds. (5) The enzymes for substance metabolism responded differently, with activities of H+-ATPase and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) decreasing, and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) increasing. Therefore, L. japonica has active morphological adaptation of roots, physiological regulation, and massive substance accumulation during senescence stage. The special life-history trait ensures L. japonica survival in winter and revival in early spring, which makes it being an excellent plant for purifying sewage in spring.

Effect of intensity-dependent couplings and the atomic dissipation on the interaction of two three-level atoms and two modes of radiation field

The effect of intensity-dependent coupling and the atomic dissipation on the interaction of a pair of three-level atoms in the $$\Xi$$ configuration with a bi-mode cavity field are studied. The solution of the proposed model is obtained in the resonance case. Some statistical quantities are discussed to discover the characteristics of the model. With different nonlinearity functions, the population inversion and the photon number dynamics, which display the phenomenon of collapses and revivals are discussed. The non-classical effects by examining the Mandel Q-parameter are considered. The amount of correlation between the two atoms and the field is estimated by analyzing the results of the fidelity. The entanglement periods between the parts of the quantum system, the collapse and revival periods were affected by the choice of coupling intensity, where the collapse periods improved with increasing the effect of the Rabi frequency and decreased when the effect of the Rabi frequency decreased.

A Study on the Development History of Chinese Grammar Studies in Korea

This study examined the history of Chinese grammar studies in Korea in terms of periods and theoretical schools. Thereby, the scope of Chinese grammar research history has been expanded regionally. Although the development of Chinese grammar studies in Korea was influenced by internal factors such as the development of linguistics itself, it was influenced more by external factors. Historical events, including liberation in 1945 and the establishment of diplomatic ties between the Republic of Korea and the mainland China in 1992, had a great influence on the development of Chinese grammar studies.BR The history of Chinese grammar studies in Korea was divided into four stages. In the imitation period, the ancient Chinese language was analyzed using the concept of modern grammar theories. During the development period, research progress was stagnant, but research resumed in the 1960s. However, there were very few articles on grammar studies in the 1960s and 1970s. Research has been increasing since the 1980s. The number of studies on the ancient Chinese grammar and that of the modern Chinese grammar are similar. The theory of structural linguistics was mainly used. During the revival period, academic exchanges with mainland China were strengthened. The main research subjects were changed to the modern Chinese language. The theory of structural linguistics is still the predominant research theory. The use of functional linguistics theory began. During the prosperous period, the scale of Chinese grammar studies expanded. The theory of functional linguistics became the main research theory. The proportion of applied research has increased.BR This study summarizes the context of Chinese grammar research history in Korea, and will help to explore future development trends. In addition, this study hopes to contribute to the exchange of Chinese grammar studies between Korea and China.

An international turn: Rebuilding Chinese temple networks in Indonesia 20 years after the Suharto era

AbstractThe transnationalization of Chinese temples is producing new spatial imaginaries and adding cosmopolitan dimensions to Chinese Indonesian identities in the post‐Suharto era. In 1999, the Indonesian state legally‐sanctioned Chinese Popular Religion after decades of prohibition, ushering in a period of Chinese religious revival nationally backed by constitutional legitimacy. The recent emergence of transnational temple networks is providing a further form of cultural legitimacy based on symbols and statuses that circulate in a broader cosmopolitan transnational social sphere. Using case studies of three temples in Singkawang, Indonesia, each with a different form of international network, this paper shows how the transnational circulation of religious teachings, people, ideas, donations and deities can provide the raw materials for expressions of cultural identity which are locally rooted and embedded in specific ethnic politics of belonging. Forging transnational religious connections has the potential to develop into long lasting and formal institutional platforms of exchange, however, it often begins with informal, spontaneous and idiosyncratic encounters.

The healer in the tower: Biddy Early and discourses of healing in the work of W. B. Yeats and Lady Augusta Gregory

ABSTRACT The folk healer Biddy Early (1798–1874) is perhaps now best remembered in association with a mythical curse on the Clare hurling side. This article explores her healing practices and the significance of her life and legend to William Butler Yeats and Lady Augusta Gregory. Writings by both these key revivalists, and their collaborative play The Pot of Broth (1904), testify to the continuing and ambivalent presence of Early’s memory in the decades after her death. Gregory and Yeats spread the fame of Early as part of their revivalist project, and the latter rebuilt the tower he christened Thoor Ballylee with, among other things, the “old mill boards” where she had once, according to local lore, gathered her ingredients. This article looks at the place of Early in Yeats’s and Gregory’s imaginations, and seeks to reposition this non-elite woman as one of the culture-givers of the Revival period.

전후 ‘냉전공영권’의 탈종속화와 일본 부흥론 - ‘근세’ 속 ‘절합’의 발견과 활용 -

“The period of turning point” is a slogan that Japan often adopts when it seeks to change its system, and the term was used to emphasize the meaning of “revival” beyond contradiction or criticism. The logic that “the period of turning point equals the revival period” adopted after Japan lost the war was a unique and irreplaceable rhetoric for replacing the universality of the Western Renaissance with the Japanese Renaissance. This brought about the logic that modernity began from human revival; according to that logic, modernity existed during the early modern period of the East, and it started earlier there than the West. It was connected to the logic that Japan had continued to maintain the Oriental modernity, and that the modernity had already begun during the early modern period. This was adopted by Marxists after the war to relativize capitalism and socialism, democracy and fascism so as to define the concept of freedom. In other words, they considered these concepts as “forms of” social “consciousness,” and thought that based on such consideration, confrontational worldview had emerged. It comprises the logics of class, system, and nation and started by reconsidering this. In order to assemble these three concepts while disassembling them, the logic of human revival that existed in Japan was discovered. It was morality and spirituality. This was an aspect of Japaneseism attempted by Takayama Chogyū in the Meiji period of Japan and was the subjectivity theory as an expression of a spiritual worldview. This reminded of the fact that even figures from the West made the same argument after the war such as Spengler who argued for the fall of the West and Nietzsche with his logic. The arguments of Manabu Sano, a postwar Marxist, and Kōjirō Sugimori, as well as criticism of Russian communism are transformed into militarism, which justifies the peace of the country as a human revival in democracy. Thus, it was argued that this morphology of social consciousness should be connected to culture, and that the people who have become aware of cultural construction, humanity and morality should be the subjectivity. Also, the selfishness of Adam Smith was abandoned, the discussion on the importance of publicity was revived, and the meaning of global contributions was reconsidered. It was the “Japanese Revival Theory” that was adopted to rationalize the rebirth of the Japanese people based on the logic that “the Renaissance, the period of turning point, and the revival period all equal” while relativizing the fascism before the war and connecting the reconstruction of EastWest ideology.

ПРИНОСЪТ НА ВЪЗРОЖДЕНСКИТЕ УЧИТЕЛИ И КНИЖОВНИЦИ ЗА РАЗВИТИЕТО НА БЪЛГАРСКАТА ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ

This article deals with one of the earliest stages of the formation and development of Bulgarian scientific and technical terminology. Its emergence dates back to the National Revival period. The author emphasises the exceptional role of Revival teachers and writers, who worked tirelessly and devotedly for the forging, enrichment and development of domestic terminology. The conclusions are drawn on the basis of the in-depth study of a large number of textbooks in various subjects published during the Revival. Current issues in Bulgarian linguistics such as the borrowing of terms, the purity of Bulgarian terminology, the forging of domestic terminology and terminological doublets are also discussed. Keywords: textbooks; terminology; purism; doublets; Bulgarian language

Observation of decay of nonadiabatic molecular unidirectional rotation via time-resolved rotational Doppler spectroscopy

In order to investigate the decay of nonadiabatic molecular unidirectional rotation (UDR) for nitrogen molecules, we measured the time-resolved rotational Doppler spectroscopy in first four revival periods after instantaneous excitation by a polarization shaped femtosecond laser. The results show that the rotational Doppler shifts decrease with increasing order of revival periods for full and half rotational revivals. Moreover, the maximum alignment of the molecular UDR at half rotational revivals was demonstrated to delay with revival periods increasing. This work is helpful to understand the kinetic processes of collisional decay for nonadiabatic molecular UDR, especially in the several revival periods after excitation.

Le Cogito newmanien: La preuve du théisme by Grégory Solari

Reviewed by: Le Cogito newmanien: La preuve du théisme by Grégory Solari Oswaldo Gallo-Serratos Le Cogito newmanien: La preuve du théisme GRÉGORY SOLARI Paris: Hermann Éditeurs, 2021. 192 pages. Paperback: $54. ISBN: 9791037008244. Apart from his extraordinary labor as editor of Newman's Philosophical Notebook, Edward Sillem passed on to us a sort of a handbook—actually, the first volume of the said Notebook—for approaching the philosophical content of Newman's works. Sillem's inspiring interpretations have provided a sound basis on which scholars have developed similar readings of Newman's metaphysical concerns, deeply related to his epistemology and philosophy of religion. The nexus is as necessary as evident—one can know something only when there is something to be known. The work of Sillem has not received the attention it deserves, resulting in a serious omission in the Newmanian studies. [End Page 81] One of the essays from the Philosophical Notebook, "Proof of Theism," has been published in a brilliant French translation that combines Newman's sharp wisdom with an accessible language for everyone interested in metaphysics or the philosophy of René Descartes. Grégory Solari, the translator, also offers an excellent guide to the essay, in which he explores the influence of Descartes on Newman, and mainly the way Newman read Descartes's cogito as a way to begin a proof of the existence of God. We find in a famous excerpt from the Apologia a twofold recognition of self-evident beings: "myself and my Creator." By stating so, Newman tried to bind both beings in a single process of reasoning, which is not, strictly speaking, a deductive one. Solari argues that these evident beings are brought home to us in the same way that the illative sense follows, i.e., not from one proposition to another but by inferring one proposition from another. The human mind works by means of enthymemes, and it is precisely an enthymeme that Newman interprets in the Cartesian principle Cogito, ergo sum—actually, Solari provides strong evidence to conclude that Newman had access to certain English translations of the Meditations in a period of a Cartesian revival in the United Kingdom during the 1850s. The recognition of the self and its creator mutually proves each other's existence. However, contrary to the traditional interpretation of Newman's argument for the existence of God, commonly elaborated on a moral basis by scholars like Terrence Merrigan, Solari indicates that its sense follows another path: its validity does not rely on the phenomenon of our moral conscience but on the consciousness itself (l'acte de conscience), which expresses in the form of cogito. Realizing the existence of God is intrinsically related to realizing the existence of the self. In his "Proof of Theism," Newman presented a particular version of the Cartesian principle, Sentio ergo sum. According to Solari's slant, this proof does not have to be interpreted as a deduction but in the sense of a "primary fact" (fait primitive), in which both the existence of the ego within the consciousness (l'acte de conscience), and the existence of God in the phenomenon of consciousness (dans le phénomène de la conscience) emerge. This said fact is presented by Newman in the form of sentio, "I sense," the most accurate term to speak of Descartes's cogito. In contrast to the common interpretation that presents ergo in the principle as indicating a syllogism, Newman himself put it in parenthesis in order to emphasize that it does not mean a process, but an inferential movement: "To call this an act of argumentation or deduction, and that it implies faith in that reasoning process which is denoted by the symbol of ergo seems to me a fallacy."1 Both sentio and sum are related through an inferential process, each proves the other one. It is in this regard that both versions of the cogito relate—in the case of Descartes, [End Page 82] his ontological argument takes us from the very definition of God as a perfect infinite Being to the acceptance of a necessary conclusion, His existence. It would be illogical to infer God's perfection while, at...

The Revival of Classical Chinese Poetry Composition: A Perspective from the New Liberal Arts

For nearly a century, the composition of classical Chinese poetry had been on the decline, which was caused by the evolution of language and the transformation of education. However, the last decade has seen a rise in classical poetry writing. What most astounds the world is that younger generations have actively joined this writing movement. The objective of this paper is to examine the current phenomenon and the potential factors from the perspective of new liberal arts. Through general observations from students’ works in the composition of Chinese classical poetry, this paper also makes a historical comparison of the education mode between the decline and revival period. The findings indicate that it is information technology that brings back the three-millennia-old artistic form to this new era. The enhancement of information technology has removed the obstacles to accessing poems and has aided the process of writing poems. The revival of classical Chinese poetry composition exerts a far-reaching impact on poetry education in the context of new liberal arts. The results of this paper highlight the necessity of more research in similar areas.

Калки от френски в българската фразеология

The paper traces the long-term influence of the French language on the formation of Bulgarian phraseology. Distinct periods during which the French influence on Bulgarian is especially strong are analyzed. Hypotheses of individual scholars about the calquing of French phrasemes both in Bulgarian and internationally are commented on. Idioms, conventional metaphors and metonymies, loan translations of verb paraphrases, and other types of collocations are discussed. Since the French influence is both literary and oral in Bulgarian from the National Revival Period to the present day, both slang and colloquial expressions based on the French model are used. Through a comparative study of a translation done during the Revival, an attempt is made to outline the specifics of borrowing in the field of phraseology in the years before the Liberation.

The Salt Lake City Asylum and Hospital, 1870–1886: Mental Illness in Early Utah

The Salt Lake City Asylum and Hospital, 1870–1886: Mental Illness in Early Utah

НОВИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ И ДИАЛЕКТОЛОЖКИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ НА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК / NEW HISTORICAL AND DIALECTAL STUDIES OF BULGARIAN

The first three papers featured in Issue 4/2021 of Balgarski ezik present results of the work on a project titled Everyday Life in the Middle Ages according to Lexical Data from Bulgarian and Romanian – a bilateral effort between the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Romanian Academy. Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova’s paper Magic and its Faces (the 61st Canon of Trullo in Slavic Translations) proposes an analysis of several representatives of the lexical-semantic group of performers of magical practices according to three translations of the canon. The author discusses the word-formation structure of the lexical group as well as the semantic adaptation of Greek names for unknown realia. The text of the 61st Canon of Trullo is published as an appendix. Elka Mircheva provides a discussion on the topic of Bad Thoughts are Worse than Illness (to the Analysis of Medieval Texts) by analysing examples of illness in Pope Gregory the Great’s Dialogues which have been interpreted by earlier studies as cases of psychological conditions. The author’s analysis points to the fact that some of these occurrences are evidence of the influence of bad thoughts resulting in unacceptable reprehen-sible behaviour. Vanya Micheva’s paper Names for Living Places in the Bulgarian Language Picture of the World in the Middle Ages deals with the linguistic and semantic realisations of the concept of living places in the Old Bulgarian classical and original works from the 9th – 11th centuries and in the works of Patriarch Euthymius. The author traces the process of enrichment of the names for living places and the changes in the conceptual content of the studied lexemes. Tatyana Braga’s paper A Little-known Damaskin from the Karlovo-Adzhar School of Calligraphy and Art: Odessa Damascus № 36 (62) – Palaeography, Codicology, Dating offers a meticulous palaeographic and codicological description of a Bulgarian written monument, the Odessa Damaskin № 36 (62) from the manuscript collection of V.I. Grigorovich. Nadka Nikolova’s paper Общ язик с виражение народно. The Language Norms in the Translation of A. Granitski’s За Тръговско писмописанїе (On Commercial Letter Writing), 1858 presents the results of a study on Anastas Granitski’s contribution to the establishment of the structural basis and spelling and language norms of the Bulgarian literary language of the Revival period. On the basis of her observations on adjectives, numerals, pronouns and verbs, the author comes to the conclusion that the text reveals significant convergence of written and spoken language. Maria Mitskova addresses some Issues in the Verb Morphology of Bulgarian Dialects in the Studies of Three European Slavicists from the First Half of the 19th Century – Vuk Karadžić, Victor Grigorovich, Stefan Verković. The paper emphasises the contribution of the first Slavicists whose work marks the origination of the scientific interest in one of the most characteristic features of Bulgarian verbs. Elena Kanevska-Nikolova and Simeon Marinov present a study on the Names for Women’s Outerwear in the Rhodope Folk Clothing based on ma-terial excerpted from various ethnographic, regional historical and dialectological studies. The authors examine ambiguous and synonymous terms, main word-formation patterns, as well as the etymology of some of the names under study. They go on to analyse the terminological unity of many names for women’s outerwear characteristic of both confessional groups to which the Bulgarian population in the Rhodopes belong. Georgi Mitrinov’s paper Is there a Pomak Dialect in Bulgaria? is a critical look at a study by Emel Balakchi dealing with the Bulgarian Rhodope dialects. The author addresses Balakchi’s attempt at presenting the Rhodope dialects as Pomak dialects, while ignoring the presence of a native Bulgarian Christian population in the Rhodopes. Using numerous examples, Georgi Mitrinov reveals the study’s lack of scientific competence and objectivity in presenting the characteristic features of the Bulgarian Rhodope dialects. The issue concludes with a paper that remains outside its thematic scope. Stative Predicates in Contemporary Linguistic Theories by Svetlozara Leseva, Hristina Kukova and Ivelina Stoyanova offers a critical overview of the thematic classes of stative verbs based on a contrastive study of several thematic classifications. The authors analyse the different views of the properties of stative predicates from an aspectual and semantic perspective.

Formation of the Historical Memory of the Bulgarian Minority of Ukraine (1991 – 2020): Actors, Narratives and Commemoration

Nearly three centuries have passed since Bulgarian migrants appeared on the territory of contemporary Ukraine. They had to leave their historic homeland due to the strengthening of control of the Ottoman administration over all spheres of life of Bulgarians in the metropolis, as well as the intensification of the Russian-Turkish military confrontation, which drastically affected the economic, social, and cultural situation of the Bulgarian population. The Bulgarians, settled down on the Ukrainian lands, became an integral part of the multi-ethnic Ukrainian society, though fell victim to the assimilation policy of the Soviet period. Bulgarians are undergoing a period of national and cultural revival in the independent Ukraine, which is intimately linked to the process of recovering the historical memory of Ukrainian Bulgarians, restoring the pantheon of national heroes, memorable dates, and revival of traditional culture. In this connection, the researches dedicated to the analysis of the process of formation of the historical memory of the Bulgarian community in modern Ukraine are of particular relevance. The authors emphasize the difference between the two main groups of the Bulgarian community on the territory of Ukraine – Bessarabian and Azov (Taurida) Bulgarians, which is reflected in a reassessment of the role of the migration of ancestors of modern Ukrainian Bulgarians from the metropolis as well as in a monopolization of objects of national and cultural heritage by certain organizations, etc.

Montenegro three decades later – the current conditions and perspectives

ourism, as a mass phenomenon of the modern times, characterized by poly-functionality, is an important component of national economies associated with all spheres of a society. With its numerous advantages, first in the area of direct economic impact that it has on income growth, employment and balancing of demographic circulation, tourism represents an important development factor of a society. It boosts a multi-layer social transformation that creates a basis for further directional development and strategic planning. This kind of holistic approach, where tourism represents a focal point of various economic elements, is a precondition for successful entrepreneurial growth that will serve as a foundation for the future development of a stable economy. The time distance of several decades makes possible an effective set of ex post and ex ante analysis matrices that enable us to see manifestly the routes taken yesterday, today and tomorrow.. The goal of this thesis is to present a basic longitudinal analysis of Montenegro in its entrepreneurial and economic development, starting from the period of recession and stagnation towards the period of revival and development of solid foundations required to achieve European standards. In addition, it also aims at taking a more detailed look into the ways how to overcome the barriers set up by various social-political circumstances, providing an answer to the questions of what tourism potentials have been used so far and what future directions it should take in order to facilitate its own further development.

The Vietnamese Buddhist revival movement in the first half of the twentieth century: comparing three associations the Cochinchina Buddhist Association, the Annam Buddhist Association, the Tonkin Buddhist Association

The Buddhist revival movement in the first half of the twentieth century took place in all 3 regions in the territory of Vietnam today. The Buddhist revival movement in each region has the same purpose, even though it has some different features. The Buddhist revival movement in Southern Vietnam was characterized by divergence, otherwise, it in Central and Northern Vietnam was characterized by convergence. In this article, we choose to compare the typical associations of the three regions are The Cochinchina Buddhist Association, The Annam Buddhist Association, The Tonkin Buddhist Association. Despite establishing in the same period of time, these three associations have many fundamental differences besides some similarities. Based on the exploitation of Buddhist archives and press materials during the period of revival, this article will research the similarities and differences between associations. Comparing the three associations not only shows us the unique characteristics of each other and explains the performance of the societies, the depth of the revival activity but also helps us to understand some of the Vietnamese society in the French period. Because this is a big problem, within a small article we cannot present all the characteristics. So in this article, we only focus on analyzing the typical characteristics, these characteristics will govern the performance of the associations. Besides, the article also limited the time to research from 1930 to 1945, when Vietnam gained independence.

HISTORICAL RETROSPECTION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WITH PROBLEMS OF REPRODUCTION IN LIVESTOCK SCIENTISTS OF SCIENTISTS OF THE INSTITUTE OF LIVESTOCK INSTITUTE NAAS (XX CENTURY)

An attempt is made in the historical context to comprehensively assess the contribution of the Institute of Animal Husbandry NAAS in the development of biotechnology, to identify priority developments of scientists of the Department of Biotechnology of Reproduction of Farm Animals as one of the main domestic centers of research on farm animals. Track the evolution of industry basic and applied research as a result of the work of scientists in the scientific field for the needs of livestock practice. During the study period (1932-1999) the institution changed its name several times: Southern Institute of Dairy Science (1930-1934), Ukrainian Research Institute of Cattle (1934-1935), Ukrainian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry (1935-1956) , Research Institute of Animal Husbandry of the Forest-Steppe and Polissya of the Ukrainian SSR (1956–1992), Institute of Animal Husbandry of UAAS (1992–2010), now - Institute of Animal Husbandry of NAAS. The formation of scientific research on the problems of artificial insemination dates back to 1932-1941. In the period of postwar reconstruction (1946-1948), scientific topics are characterized by more in-depth development of topics and experiments. The period of the highest creative activity of scientists in 1949–1990 - the existing and new methods of artificial insemination were improved. With the opening of state breeding stations and artificial insemination stations, the widespread use of this method in the practice of animal husbandry began. IV Smirnov's work was the impetus for the development of methods for freezing and long-term storage of sperm of broodstock. Embryo transplant work has been developed. The embryo has been established to implement the latest advances in farm animal biotechnology and to significantly expand the scope of international scientific contacts. At the beginning of the period of revival of Ukrainian statehood: 1991 - 1999 the issues of animal reproduction theory and further improvement on this basis of technologies for obtaining, cryopreservation and use of gametes and zygotes in artificial insemination and embryo transplantation, as well as development of more efficient biological environments and technical means new technologies.

Rotational dephasing of the molecular alignment by centrifugal distortion [Invited

The dephasing of molecular alignment can lead to the deformation of the alignment signal during its periodic revivals. Most studies are concentrated on the first few rotational revival periods of the molecular alignment and neglect the dephasing effect. However, study of the alignment dephasing is still of great significance for both the long-term dynamics of the molecular alignment and the dephasing itself. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate that the dephasing effect is correlated with both the rotational temperature and the rotational revival period of the molecules. The results present that the dephasing is especially significant for those molecules with long rotational revival period at high rotational temperatures. The physics behind it is explored by taking advantage of the coherence of the rotational quantum state population. This work deepens our understanding of rotational dynamics and rotational spectroscopy in molecular alignment.

Ještě dneska mám zimomriavky, když si na ten nádherný příběh vzpomenu... Slovakizmy v češtine ako výsledok aj dôkaz česko-slovenského jazykového kontaktu

Slovakisms in Czech as a result of the linguistic contact of Czechs and Slovaks are a specific subject of interest from the viewpoint of linguistic, but not only linguistic analysis. The contacts between Czech and Slovak,which are closely-related and mutually understandable Western Slavic languages, led to the presence of contact phenomena in the both languages. While bohemisms in Slovak have been attracting wide expert and lay attention, slovakisms in Czech, which originated in various historical periods, remain, by comparison, less explored. The paper introduces the view on slovakisms based on several sources, including their description in the Czech dictionaries of the National Revival period, compared with the dictionaries of the 20th century. Furthermore, various linguistic works focussed on slovakisms and also specific forms of their introduction into contemporary Czech texts, often come with metalinguistic comments that document their evaluation from the point of view of Czech speakers. The word zimomriavky is a suitable example for such procedure. A deeper look at the slovakisms in Czech confirms them not only being a result of the mutual language contact but, at the same time, as the clear proof of the language contact and a way to gain specific knowledge of the historical, social and political background of the Czech-Slovak language contact.