Revival Movement Research Articles

Spatializing Nationalism and Religion: The Production of Sinhala-Buddhist Imagination and the Centrality of Anuradhapura

Anuradhapura, the most ancient and revered Buddhist city in Sri Lanka, underwent a major transformation at the turn of the 20th century. By analyzing the complex interplay of nationalism, religion, and colonialism, and paying special attention to local agency, this article examines how the local leaders of the Buddhist revival movement brought the ancient city into the center of the Sinhala-Buddhist universe. They struggled against the colonial archeologization and museumization of Anuradhapura, especially where highly significant Buddhist monuments are located, and to eliminate non-Buddhist activities from the sacred city. Simultaneously, they fought against the continuing dominance of the Buddhist order established in the last native kingdom (Kandy-based Up-Country) which fell in 1815. Combined with the rise of the Low-Country elite, the restructuring of Ceylon that followed displaced both Kandy and the colonial capital of Colombo, making them find accommodation in the new Sinhala-Buddhist spatiality defined by Anuradhapura’s centrality.

The Pursuit of Individual Value and Free Expression: A Comparative Study of the Eastern and Western Renaissance and Its Impact on Modern Society

This paper aims to explore the connection between the Renaissance in Europe from the 14th to the 17th centuries and the cultural Renaissance in China from the Song to the Ming dynasties. In particular, it focuses on the research background of the two historical periods, and the research theme includes a comparative analysis of the historical background, conceptual nature, artistic expression and social impact of the Eastern and Western Renaissance. The study found that despite the significant differences in the background, core ideas and ways of expression of the two revivals, they both reflected the universal spiritual needs of human beings - emphasizing individual values and pursuing free expression. At the same time, these two Renaissance not only profoundly changed their respective regions, but their global influence also affected the whole world through channels such as the Silk Road. In addition, the paper examines the role and influence of these revival movements in the context of global cultural exchange. The results show that they have promoted the reconciliation of previously hostile cultural circles and formed a stable state of peace. Thus, by studying the East-West Renaissance, in this paper, the author can gain a new perspective on cultural exchange and understanding in the current era of globalization.

Sistem Pendidikan Islam di Mesir Pada Zaman Modern

Islamic civilisation entered the modern era in the 1800s and continues to develop today, marked by various revival movements in various fields. In the education sector, this progress was reflected through various endeavours, such as the establishment of the Ministry of Education and public educational institutions, sending Egyptian students to study in Europe, and efforts to improve access to education. In the field of civilisation, progress was seen in the fields of architecture, literature, and the art of calligraphy. This research utilises the historical research method, which specifically involves the interpretation of a historical period to understand its historical context. The data collection process involved the acquisition of a wide range of relevant sources and data, focusing on documents, scholarly literature, and other writings relating to the relationship between the Muslim and Christian worlds, from the Middle Ages to the modern era

Moro and the Weather Coast: A Revitalization Movement in the Solomon Islands. By Gülbün ÇokerO'Connor. Durham, NC, USA: Carolina Academic Press. 2022. Pp: 203. Price: US$44.00

Moro and the Weather Coast: A Revitalization Movement in the Solomon Islands. By Gülbün ÇokerO'Connor. Durham, NC, USA: Carolina Academic Press. 2022. Pp: 203. Price: US$44.00

Dietrich Bonhoeffers „religionslose“ Evangelisation: Formate seiner ökumenischen Spiritualität und die Oxfordgruppenbewegung

Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945), made a martyr by the Nazi German regime in 1945, is still widely read because of his ideas: the proclamation of Christian faith in a non-religious comprehen-sive worldly way, a Bible oriented spirituality of silence, confession with a political horizon. In Norwegian sources the profile of the US based Oxford Group Movement, founded by the Lutheran pastor Frank Buchman (1878–1961; later: Moral Rearmament, today: Initiatives of Change) has been identified as an influential revival movement appe-aling to political elites in Europe in the 1930’s. The article tries to show to which extent Bonhoeffer may have shaped his ideas on preaching and spirituality in confrontation with Buchman’s movement. The Nor-wegian author Ronald Fangen (1895–1946) plays a substantial role for the profile of the Oxford Group Movement in Norway.

Sowing the seeds of millet revolution: The extraordinary odyssey of architect of the millet revival movement–– Dr. Khader Valli Dudekula

This article highlights the extraordinary odyssey of Dr Khader Valli Dudekula, a visionary driving the Millet Revival Movement. Set amidst the backdrop of the International Year of Millet, the article aims to inspire and motivate readers by exploring the legacy of this millet reviver. Khader passionately propagates and preaches the manifold health benefits of millets, the significance of good agricultural practices, and the transformative power of a wholesome lifestyle. His life is an exemplary model, with 30 years of dedicated experiments with millets and advocacy, earning him the prestigious Padma Shri award. Data collected from online sources, newspapers, and government sites reveal the significant contributions of Dr Valli. Through his dedicated work, he explored the medicinal properties of various grains, which he named “Siridhanyalu.” This concept closely aligns with Ayurveda's ideology that “ahara” (food) acts as medicine, which is central to promoting overall health. Incorporating Dr Khader Valli Dudekula's wisdom reinforces the potential of traditional practices and millets to promote health and well-being. By embracing this perspective, it ignites the resurgence of millets and underscores disease-specific dietary plans. This integration yields remarkable healing outcomes, fostering a healthier, happier world through the potential of Ayurveda.

Czech Catholic modernism The renewal of Catholic literature combined with social and ecclesiastical reform

In Central Eastern Europe the theme of the modernist crisis in the ecclesial milieu is still a hotly debated topic. In the Czech lands this phenomenon differs in a number of moments from other countries, for instance in that the Czech reformers openly called themselves modernists willingly since 1895, as the protagonists of the revival movement of Catholic literature. This study is divided into three parts. The first one outlines the development of Czech historiography of the modernist and anti-modernist crisis in the Czech lands, which has undergone a dynamic development especially in the last thirty years. In the second part, it summarizes its results and the current state of knowledge of this historical phenomenon. The author focuses here on the specific and unique elements of Czech modernism, for the understanding of which a broader historical context of the church history of the Czech lands is necessary. In the third part the author presents the current challenges and prospects of research in this area.

Czech Catholic Modernism The renewal of Catholic literature combined with social and ecclesiastical reform

In Central Eastern Europe the theme of the modernist crisis in the ecclesial milieu is still a hotly debated topic. In the Czech lands this phenomenon differs in a number of moments from other countries, for instance in that the Czech reformers openly called themselves modernists willingly since 1895, as the protagonists of the revival movement of Catholic literature. This study is divided into three parts. The first one outlines the development of Czech historiography of the modernist and anti-modernist crisis in the Czech lands, which has undergone a dynamic development especially in the last thirty years. In the second part, it summarizes its results and the current state of knowledge of this historical phenomenon. The author focuses here on the specific and unique elements of Czech modernism, for the understanding of which a broader historical context of the church history of the Czech lands is necessary. In the third part the author presents the current challenges and prospects of research in this area.

«Jeg har på en måte alltid gått der»

"I've Kind of Always Been There" - The Meaning of Personal Conversion Among Youth in Low Church Movements in Norway Young Christians in prayer houses and free churches in Norway are part of organizations and church communities with roots in revival movements. Historically, personal conversion has been central in these environments. By employing a mixed-method approach, combining surveys and group interviews, this article elucidates the relationship between religious socialization and conversion. The primary reason that young Christians are actively involved in a free church or prayer house is that their parents have brought them here. What role does personal choice play, and what do the church activities and practices mean for this choice? The article takes a grassroots perspective, where young people's conversion experiences and their perception of the content of this contribute to new knowledge about both young people and the revival movements in Norway.

Song Dynasty Family Rituals and the Reconstruction of Confucian Daily Life

Abstract The reconstruction of Confucianism during the Song dynasty is an important issue in the history of Chinese thought. Song scholar-officials not only introduced ideological innovations and founded the new type of Confucianist “School of Universal Principle” known as “Neo-Confucianism,” but also, in their reconstruction of Confucianism, attended to the specific rituals and introduced the concepts and values of the school into people’s daily life and habits. The observance of ritual privately at home – using ritual to “instruct” and “admonish” the family – became the way for scholar-officials to embody Confucian values effectively in daily life. Song family rituals developed differences from previous eras with respect to text, structure, and meaning. However, as rituals that comprehensively arranged the order of Confucian daily life, they were not merely a static Neo-Confucian text and system. Rather, scholar-officials’ ritual activities were always the concrete, dynamic aspect of the Confucian revival movement. Therefore, we must begin the discussion of family rituals from a wider perspective, first by exploring the motivation and goals of scholar-officials’ rituals. We will then discover how frustrated and compromised scholar-officials of the period felt when the pattern of daily life they had created proved difficult to accommodate to the real world. We will finally take note of the value system that this pattern was meant to demonstrate.

Interetnické vzťahy v prostredí Rusínov a Slovákov (na Slovensku a na Dolnej zemi) v 19. storočí

Rusyns and Slovaks, members of two culturally close ethnic groups, had lived for centuries in one state unit and in immediate neighbour contact. Complex socio-economic situation of the Rusyn settlement area in Slovakia had conditioned the poor development of both cultural and national needs. Rusyn intelligentsia from Greek-Catholic church circles had tended towards Hungarian culture or a broader Slavic consciousness. From the beginning of the 19th century and during the spread of pan-Slavism with the development of national movements and the formation of modern nations, Rusyns became the object of interest in Slovak intellectual circles. The Rusyn elite, inspired by Slavic and nonSlavic national movements, revived nationally in the revolutionary period of the 1840s. It was also the merit of Slovaks who supported the national awakening of Rusyns as their closest allies in the Kingdom of Hungary during the peak period of the Slovak national revival movement (1836–1848). The mutuality of RusynSlovak political cooperation had been manifested in the revolutionary years of 1948–1949 in the Habsburg Monarchy. Even though the revolution in the Kingdom of Hungary had failed, it had brought some significant changes in the sphere of social development, civil principles and the weakening of the influence of the state and the church. These new conditions had enabled the emergence and development of Rusyn national revival movement and the so-calledrevivalistic generation of Rusyns. Mutual contacts between the two national movements, especially in the post-revolutionary period, had symbolized social, political and literary activities of several nationalities. Even in the second half of the 19th century, Slovak elites had a positive influence on the development of the Rusyn national movement. Slovak environment had an inspiring effect on Rusyns. Of course, this relationship had not only worked from the side of Slovaks to Rusyns, but also in the opposite direction (in a lesser extent), i.e. from Rusyns to Slovaks. Finally, during the period of dualism (1867–1918), the reflection of Rusyn issue in Slovak literature was not as intense as before the revolution, which was related to strong national oppression of minorities by the Hungarian governments. The national movements of Rusyns and Slovaks had to cope with a very complicated political and social reality, so there was much less scope for wider cooperation and mutual reflection than before. Complex socio-economic situation of northern and northeastern Kingdom of Hungary at the end of the 19th century together with the rapidly increasing Slovak and Rusyn emigration had a significant influence on this.

Rufino Cardinal Santos Steers the Archdiocese of Manila to Vatican II (1959-1966)*

Rufino J. Santos was labeled as a conservative who resisted change, especially during the last half of his stewardship as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Manila. In an era when the Catholic world was beset by the liturgical revival movement and other social movements of the 1960s, Santos strived to preserve his role as a Church militant while the Philippine ecclesiastical hierarchy veered towards making the Catholic Church responsive to the contemporary social ills. The present study uses the historical method framed by Arnold Toynbee’s Challenge and Response theory to discuss, narrate, and analyze how the first Filipino Cardinal preserved the unity and tradition of pre-Vatican II ideals while ironically, being an active participant in the four Vatican II Council Sessions. This study contextualizes how Santos’ adherence to unity and uniformity was driven by his intent to avoid confusion among the priests and the laity and how this intent steered him to spearhead the introduction of the Misa ng Bayan, the first Tagalog translation of the Holy Mass in 1966, as he defied his critics, and ultimately brought the Philippines into the threshold of change that Vatican II envisioned.

Nineteenth-century religious-spiritual revival movements in the Catholic Church. The religious and social context of the life and activity of Jadwiga Zamoyska née Działyńska

Showing the context of the religious and social revival in Europe at the turn of the 19th and 20th century appears to be necessary to present the atmosphere in which Jadwiga Zamoyska lived and worked. A wide panorama of issues related to the renewal of spirituality helps to find the roots and motives of the awakening religious and social awareness, the role of the laity in this process, and especially the women’s movement. Pointing to the sources of renewal gushing from European centers is intended to show the relationship between spirituality in Poland and the spirituality of the Church in Europe, which then influenced the development of spirituality around the world. Numerous schools of spirituality point to the richness of the religious life of that period. One of them, the Oratorian school, deepens Zamoyska’s spirituality. Undoubtedly, also other schools, whose spirituality permeated the faithful living in the Polish lands, had an impact on the beginning and development of the religious and social activities of the founder of the School of Economics in Kórnik.

Attachment and socialized religion within the Læstadian revival movement

The present questionnaire study examined attachment-religion connections among 175 believers within the Læstadian revival movement (Lutheran) in Sweden and Finland. Corroborating previous research findings from other religious populations, our findings strongly supported the idea that attachment security (i.e. positive, non-defensive representations of self and others) facilitates the intergenerational transmission of religion from parents to offspring (the socialized correspondence hypothesis) in families within the Læstadian revival movement. Extending previous research, attachment security was also linked to the adoption and transmission of the congregation’s religious standards and to perceived religious support from the congregation. Results pertaining to religion-as-compensation for attachment-related insecurity (the compensation hypothesis) were generally mixed, perhaps due to particularities of Læstadian faith.

고구려 부흥운동기 사야도의 위치에 대하여

The three representative figures of the revival movement are Go Yeon-mu(高延武), Gum Mo-zam(劍牟岑) and An Seung(安勝). Gum Mo-zam met An Seung on the Saya island(史也島) and moved to the Jaeryeong(載寧) in 670. The Saya island is estimated to be the Soya island(蘇爺島) in Incheon. But this is only the reason why the pronunciation is similar. The place where Gum Mo-zam and An Seung met is around the Jaeryeong Plain(載寧平野) in Hwanghae-do. If you look at the map of the Joseon Dynasty, there was a sea in Jaeryeong Plain. The name of the sea is Jeryang(濟粱), and there is the Chol island(鐵島) in the center of the Jeryang Sea. The Chol island is located where Daedong River and Jaeryeong River meet. The Chol island was the center of transportation by the waterways of the Daedong River and Jaeryeong River. The western part of the Chol island was recognized as the sea until the Joseon Dynasty. In ancient times, the western sea(西海) can be said to be from the west of the Chol island. The position of the Chol island should be determined in consideration of the ancient terrain. Looking at the ancient terrain and the process of Gum Mo-zam descending southward, the position of the Saya island is estimated to be the Chol island.

Erotics of War and Sovereignty in Iris Murdoch’s The Red and the Green

In The Red and the Green the Irish writer Iris Murdoch creates a narrative universe that focuses on the Easter Rising of 1916, one of the most tumultuous turns in twentieth century Irish history, and introduces a rich web of moral conflicts and dilemmas experienced by members of an Anglo-Irish community in Dublin. The main concern of this article is to introduce a reading of Murdoch’s The Red and the Green in the context of the mythopoetic discourse of the Easter Rising of 1916, which predominantly reflected the nationalist rhetoric of the Irish Revivalist Movement, and to show how Murdoch revisualizes recent Irish history through her own cultural origins. The argument is grounded on the premise that Millie features in the novel as the embodiment of the feminine archetype and symbolic representation of the Erotic in stark contrast to the war rhetoric of the Easter Rising that relies heavily on the desexualized, romanticized and idealized versions of the feminine in Celtic mythic imagination. Millie’s feminine archetypal image and her symbolic representation of Eros distorts and shakes the masculine rhetoric of the Rising. As a response to the desexualized, sterile, and therefore displaced representations of the Sovereignty Goddess in the literature of the Irish Revival, Murdoch introduces a critical ethos in the novel by restoring the essence of this feminine element in the portrayal of Millie, the central character around whom the plot largely revolves.

Remembrances of Rashīd: life-histories as lessons in the Dēōband movement

AbstractThe tazkira, a long-established genre of life-history writing in South Asian literature, was increasingly used over the course of the twentieth century to document the lives and achievements of ‘ulamā (‘learned men’, or scholars of religion). This article explores a foundational work within this genre: ‘Ashīq Ilahī Mīrutī's Tazkira't al-Rashīd (first published in 1908–1910), a life-history of the Dēōbandī scholar and Sūfī shāykh Rashīd Ahmad Gangōhī. It argues that such life-histories of ‘ulamā were written not merely as historical records but as ‘lessons’ to their readers. This article illustrates how the tazkira appropriated Gangōhī's life and teachings to provide an indispensable repository of Dēōbandī understanding on issues such as tarīqah (the Sūfī path), sharī‘ah (religious law), pīrī-murīdī (the master-disciple relationship), religious and social conduct, and relations with the state. The article thus makes a case for understanding the tazkira as an important vehicle for informing and shaping the religious behaviour of a Muslim public, which was employed ultimately by both the Dēōbandī and other Islamic revivalist movements.

Un rituel sacrificiel pour refonder l’ordre social : expérimentations contemporaines à Tahiti

This article focuses on an association that is part of the cultural revival movement that began in the late 1960s and has gained momentum since the 1980s in Tahiti, French Polynesia. Te Hivarereata differs from other cultural associations, however, in that its approach is fundamentally religious: its members claim to be “animists” and perform a ritual each year that they describe as “sacrificial” to mark the ripening of the first fruits. The author examines the meaning of this sacrifice for present-day Tahitians in a context of decolonization and self-recovery. More specifically, she examines its transformative capacity and political significance. In doing so, she discusses the ambivalences and discomforts related to the religion of the ancestors among the Tahitians.

Reviving natural history, building ecological civilisation: the philosophy and social significance of the Natural History Revival Movement in contemporary China

The concept of ecological civilisation has become enshrined in the Chinese constitution as a blueprint for sustainable development based on a changed relationship with nature. Achieving the ecological civilisation, however, is no easy task. True to its socialist one-party system and scientific outlook on development, the Chinese government continues to place emphasis on authoritarian governance and science-based innovation. Alternative approaches to ecological civilisation have received less attention. In this paper, we seek to understand the philosophical and social perspectives offered by the Natural History Revival Movement (NHRM) regarding China’s path to an ecological civilisation. Based on sources collected by means of snowball sampling, we perform a hermeneutic analysis of the NHRM and its meanings. As a philosophy, the NHRM draws on inspiration from a variety of sources, most of which are European. The NHRM, functioning as a social movement, encompasses the growing enthusiasm within Chinese society for naturalist studies and environmental monitoring, rooted in distinct Chinese origins. Examining the NHRM provides a glimpse into different sociotechnical imaginaries in China, aligning with the government’s ecological-civilisation vision yet questioning the methods employed to attain the objective.

“Now We're Actually Playing Music”: Sones and Parental Transformation in Mexican Chicago

Abstract The US-based revival of Mexican sones has received increased scholarly attention in the past two decades, primarily focused on the music's capacity for community formation and political activism among young adults. This article examines a different side of the son revival: parents and young children at a recently established Mexican Music School in Chicago. This type of institution—nongovernmental, but more formalized than traditional community transmission—is proliferating across many ethnic communities and musical traditions in US cities. This article shows how such programs can have unexpected transformative effects while bringing new populations into a music revival movement.