Revised Family Communication Patterns Research Articles

Family communication patterns towards internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents

Adolescence is when individuals face various developmental tasks that require them to do extensive exploration. Drastic changes and exploration processes during this period can cause internalizing and externalizing problems commonly found in adolescents, particularly when they lack support from the surrounding environment, especially from their parents and family. Family communication patterns are one of the important factors that can help adolescents navigate various developmental tasks while exploring optimally. This study measures the effects of the differences in consensual, pluralistic, protective, and laissez-faire family communication patterns on adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Using a simple random sampling method, this comparative quantitative study involved 408 Muhammadiyah Junior High School students in East Java. The instruments used are the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and The Revised Family Communication Pattern Instrument (FCP-R). The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that family communication patterns have significant differences in internalizing problems, namely consensual laissez-faire (0.000) and pluralistic-laissez-faire (0.000). Likewise, in externalizing problems, family communication patterns revealed notable differences, namely in consensual-laissez-faire patterns (0.000). Of the various family communication patterns, only consensual laissez-faire and pluralistic laissez-faire can predict internalizing and externalizing problems. They must be tested further to ascertain the extent of their effects.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY COMMUNICATION PATTERN AND YOUTH SELFCONCEPT IN RURAL MALAYSIA

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family communication patterns and self-concept among youth in rural areas.The sample consisted of 315 participants (150 boys and 165 girls), selected using a simple random sampling technique. The RevisedFamily Communication Pattern (RFCP) Survey, which has two dimensions - conversational orientation and conformity orientation,was used to measure the relationship between the variables. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, which has six dimensions - social,moral, family, ethical, physical, and personal - was also used. Demographic factors such as gender, race, education, and religiousaffiliation were measured. The results showed significant relationships between family communication patterns for conversational orientation and physical, ethical, personal, family, and social self-concept, with the exception of moral self-concept, which showed medium levels. Additionally, there were significant relationships between conformity orientation and moral and ethical self-concept, and weak relationships with physical, family, and social self-concept. These findings reaffirm the importance of family communication patterns in shaping the selfconcept of youth in rural areas.

Pola Komunikasi Interpersonal antara Ibu Bapa dan Remaja Dalam Kalangan Keluarga B40

Interpersonal communication is influenced by cultures and environments that affect an individual’s psychosocial development. Communication patterns are more friendly and harmonious by creating an interpersonal interaction that maintains the balance in the family systems. This study was conducted to find out about the interpersonal communication relationship between B40 parents and adolescents from a psychosocial approach. This study used a qualitative design and was analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis. The sample of this study consisted of B40 adolescents aged 16 to 25 years in Sungai Petani District involving a total of 109 respondents. This study used the instrument tool of the Revised Family Communication Pattern (1990). Data analysed using the SPSS application. The findings of the study showed that the respondents practiced both forms of conversational orientation and conformity orientation communication at a high and balanced level. This study shows that the communication used can explain the level of relationship between the family members of the respondents. The data of this study indicate that the communication practiced by adolescence has the potential to maintain harmony and well-being in the parent-children relationship by encouraging open discussion. The suggestion of this study shows that a psychosocial program can help improve communication relationships between parents and adolescents among the B40 family. The implication of this study is to be a strategic plan to support the existing action plan in the National Family Policy in an effort to improve family well-being.

Extraversion personality as a moderator between family communication pattern with communication apprehension in adolescent

Humans are social creatures who need good communication to interact with other individuals. This study aims to understand the influence of family communication patterns (conversation and conformity) on communication apprehension moderated by the adolescent's extraversion personality. An instrument is the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24), Revised Family Communication Patterns Instrument (RFCP), and International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) NEO-120. The result showed that pattern of conversation has a negative effect (ß = -0.620, p = 0.000) and conformity has a positive effect (ß = 0.730, p = 0.008) on communication apprehension. Conversation orientation is a relationship between family members who emphasize freedom in expressing an opinion. Meanwhile, the application of conformity family communication patterns is more oriented toward children's independence. Extraversion personality can decrease the influence of the communication patterns conversation and conformity to communication apprehension. Communication apprehension moderated by extraversion personality in the adolescent is influenced by the application of the conformity family communication pattern.

Characterizing end-of-life communication in families.

The chronic disease course can be uncertain, contributing to delayed end-of-life discussion within families resulting in missed opportunity to articulate wishes, increased decisional uncertainty, and delayed hospice care. Consistent with the Family Communication Patterns Theory (FCPT), family communication patterns may affect the quality and timing of end-of-life discussion, hospice utilization, and the experience of 'a good death.' To assess how families' conversation and conformity orientation (spontaneity of conversation and hierarchical rigidity) form four family communication patterns (consensual, pluralistic, protective, and laissez-faire) and may be associated with the number and timing of end-of-life discussions. A cross-sectional study. Family members of loved ones who died from chronic illnesses while in hospice (n = 56) completed online surveys including a modified Revised Family Communication Pattern instrument (RFCP) and the Chronic Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). Additional survey questions assessed the number and timing of end-of-life discussions and timing of hospice enrollment. IBM SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive analysis. Most families (42.9%) were pluralistic, reporting communication styles with high conversation and low conformity orientation; (39.29%) were protective, reporting low conversation and high conformity orientation. Pluralistic families had more end-of-life conversations than did protective families. Study findings suggest that there may be a relationship between family communication pattern type and inclination toward end-of-life discussion. This first step supports future research regarding whether the FCPT can be used to predict which families may be at increased risk for ineffective or delayed end-of-life discussion. Additional variables to consider include the timing of hospice enrollment and the quality of the dying experience. Clinicians may ultimately use findings to facilitate earlier identification of and intervention for families who are at risk for poor end-of-life communication and outcomes.

The Relationship of Mobile-Based Social Network Addiction and Family Communication Patterns, with Behavioral Problems in Secondary School Students: The Mediating Role of Emotional Self-Regulation.

New technologies offer endless possibilities for students and schools, but as the use of smartphones increases, psychological and behavioral problems may also increase. To investigate the relationship of mobile-based social network addiction and family communication patterns on the one hand, and behavioral problems in students on the other, with a focus on the mediating role of emotional self-regulation. This study used a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional design. The participants were 384 students (female/male: 226/168; mean age: 16 ± 1.98) in secondary high schools in Tehran in the academic year 2022-2023. The students were selected using convenience sampling. The data were collected online using the Revised Family Communication Pattern Scale (1994), Mobile-Based Social Network Addiction Questionnaire (2016), Child Behavior Checklist - Adolescent Version (2001), and the Affective Style Questionnaire (2010). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS-25 and AMOS-24 statistical software. The study showed that emotional self-regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between mobile-based social network addiction and internalized and externalized behavioral problems (P ≤ .05). The indirect effect of conversation orientation on internalized and externalized behavioral problems mediated by emotional self-regulation was not significant, but the indirect effect of conformity orientation on internalized and externalized behavioral problems with the mediation of emotional self-regulation was significant (P ≤ .05). Based on the findings, it is suggested that school officials and parents should develop emotional self-regulation and communication skills in students and parenting skills in their parents to prevent and reduce potential harm such as internet addiction and behavioral problems in students.

Family communication patterns and internet addiction among Iranian female high school students: The mediating role of psychological needs satisfaction

The prevalence of internet addiction in Iranian adolescents has been an increasing matter with a rising trend mostly in females. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of satisfying basic psychological needs in the relationship between family communication patterns and internet addiction among female high school students in Iran. For this purpose, 250 second-grade female students of Yasouj high schools were selected with a multi-stage cluster random sampling method and asked to answer Revised Family Communication Patterns, Psychological Basic Needs Satisfaction, and Internet Addiction questionnaires. The results showed that family communication patterns were related to basic psychological needs. In addition, greater psychological needs satisfaction was connected with low levels of internet addiction. The direct effect of family communication patterns on internet addiction was not significant. The indirect influence of family communication patterns on internet addiction through basic psychological needs was of significance. Thus, basic psychological needs mediated the relationship between family communication patterns and internet addiction.

Feeling unloved is the most robust sign of adolescent depression linking to family communication patterns.

Using network analysis, this study investigated how family communication patterns (Conversation and Conformity) were related to and predictive of adolescent overall depression severity and specific symptoms. A community sample of adolescents (10-17 years, n=1327) completed the Children's Depression Inventory and the Revised Family Communication Pattern Instrument. Depressive symptoms were also re-assessed 6months later. Results showed that Conversation orientation protected against, whereas Conformity orientation increased the risk of adolescent depression. Family communication particularly influenced the child's feeling of being unloved, and feeling unloved was the only symptom prospectively predicted by two communication orientations at baseline. These findings revealed the path linking family factors to adolescent depression and may have implications for future family-based interventions.

Drug Cravings and Its Relationship With Family Communication Patterns and Resiliency Through the Mediatory Role of Difficulty in Cognitive Emotion Regulation

Background: Clients visiting Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) clinics frequently face relapse during treatment. The present study was done to investigate the relationship between family communication patterns and resiliency and craving for drugs through the mediatory role of difficulty in cognitive emotion regulation among clients treated with methadone. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was done on 213 drug addicts who referred to Ahvaz methadone treatment clinics in 2019, selected using convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Revised Family Communication Patterns (RFCP), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and Craving Beliefs Questionnaire (CBQ). The proposed model was evaluated by path analysis using AMOS software. Results: The results revealed a significant negative relationship between family communication patterns and the craving for drugs (P<0.01). There was a significant negative relationship between resiliency and craving for drugs in clients treated with methadone (P<0.01). Difficulties in cognitive emotion regulation had a mediating role in the relationship between family communication and resiliency with a craving for drugs (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the proposed model had a good fit. The family communication patterns as the external and environmental factors, and resiliency as an internal and psychological factor, affect control over negative emotions and craving for drugs. Therefore, they must be considered by therapists to keep the client in the process of treatment.

Family communication patterns of individuals with and without disabilities.

The aim of this study was to compare family communication patterns among Iranian individuals with blindness, deafness and individuals with typically developing. The statistical population consisted of all Iranian individuals with blindness, deafness and individuals with typically developing in Shiraz, Iran. The sample consisted of 116 individuals (32 individuals with blindness, 21 individuals with deafness, and 63 individuals with typically developing). The Revised Family Communication Patterns scale was used for measuring the family communication patterns. Multivariate analysis of variance test were used for data analysis. The results showed that conversation orientation in individuals with typically developing were significantly higher than individuals with blindness and deafness (P<.001). Furthermore, conversation orientation in individuals with blindness was significantly higher than individuals with deafness (P<.001). Moreover, the findings showed that the conformity orientation in individuals with blindness and deafness were significantly higher than individuals with typically developing (P<.001). It should be noted that there was no significant difference among individuals with blindness and deafness in terms of conformity orientation. The results of the study indicated that reforming of family communication patterns is essential for individuals with blindness and deafness.

Expanding the conceptual and empirical boundaries of family communication patterns: The development and validation of an Expanded Conformity Orientation Scale

ABSTRACTFamily communication patterns theory (FCPT) explores how family members communicate to create a shared social reality via conversation and conformity orientations. Recently, scholars have noted that the current conceptualization and operationalization of conformity orientation is unnecessarily narrow in scope by representing conformity as controlling and repressive, rather than as cultivating homogenous attitudes, beliefs, and values among family members. To address these concerns, we tested the factor structure of the most common measure in FCPT research, the Revised Family Communication Patterns scale (Study One). Based on theoretical and methodological concerns that emerged from Study One, we then created and validated a new scale in Study Two – the Expanded Conformity Orientation Scale (ECOS). Findings from Study Two demonstrated concurrent and discriminant validity. Implications for the use of the ECOS in future studies are discussed.

The Relationship of Family Communication Pattern with Adolescents’ Assertiveness

Background: Adolescence is among the most critical stages of life, during which assertiveness starts to develop. Parents and their communication patterns have significant roles in adolescents’ successful transition to adulthood. The present study aimed to examine the relationship of family communication patterns with adolescents’ assertiveness. Methods: This descriptive - analytical study was conducted on 400 high - school students in Birjand, Iran. Students were selected via multistage random sampling. A demographic questionnaire, the 26 - item Revised Family Communication Patterns, and the 30 - item Rathus Assertiveness Schedule were employed for data collection. The SPSS software (v. 16) was used to analyze the data by conducting the one - way analysis of variance, the Chi - square test, and the stepwise multivariate regression at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The most and the least common family communication patterns among participants were pluralistic (73 students, 28.1%) and protective (58 students, 22.3%) patterns, respectively. Students with pluralistic family communication patterns obtained significantly higher assertiveness scores than those with laissez - faire (P < 0.001) and protective (P = 0.004) patterns. The conversation orientation dimension of family communication pattern explained 9% of the total variance of students’ assertiveness. Conclusions: The conversation orientation dimension of family communication pattern is a significant predictor of adolescents’ assertiveness. Parents can increase their adolescents’ assertiveness through creating a more hospitable and open atmosphere in their families and encouraging adolescents to express and discuss their ideas and feelings.

Re-examining Family Communication Pattern: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the model for Revised Family Communication Pattern (RFCP) can be used to measure the communication patterns within a family.Methodology: A survey questionnaire was administered to 500 respondents but only 380 of them were deemed useable. Prior to this, a pilot study was undertaken in which an internal alpha procedure was conducted to determine the reliability of the variables for this study. Similarly, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was also performed to confirm the factor structure so that variables with low factor loading could be excluded. On the other hand, the variable with highest factor loading was identified and then rigorously explained in regard to this model.Results: More than 50% of the respondents had agreed with the item B9 of the conversation orientation and B17 of the conformity orientation thus, indicating that the model is useful in measuring the communication patterns within a family after omitting several effect indicators that had severe negative impact on estimation.Implications: When the value of factor loading of a variable is low, fitting the variable in the model will result in the model becoming a misfit that ends with a discussion about the underlying factor structure that is fruitless. This study is particularly useful for practitioners who need to identify variables that are suitable for research on family communication. Besides that, this paper also provides valuable reference for researchers to consider the adoption of RFCP based on conversation and conformity orientations in Malaysia.

Understanding the relationship between family communication and the development of weight stigma

&lt;b&gt;Background&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; This study examined the relationship between family communication and weight stigma. The Family Communication Patterns Theory was used as a framework to explain the relationships between two dimensions of family communication (i.e., conversation orientation and conformity orientation) and antifat attitudes (i.e., physical unattractiveness and weight blame).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Participants and procedure&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; A total of 585 college-aged participants completed an on-line questionnaire. We used the following instruments: body mass index (BMI), Antifat Attitudes Scale (AFAT), Revised Family Communication Patterns Scale (RFCP).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Significant relationships were found between the two dimensions of family communication and antifat attitudes. Conversation orientation was negatively associated with antifat attitudes and conformity orientation was positively associated with antifat attitudes. In addition, pluralistic families were less likely to stigmatize the overweight and obese by demonstrating less discrimination with physical attraction and personal weight blame.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; These findings highlight the important association between family communication and antifat attitudes. Families that endorse a pluralistic family type (i.e., high conversation orientation and low conformity orientation) appear to engage in the least amount of discrimination with regard to weight stigma. These families are not only less discriminating of others, they perhaps bring about more awareness and information to family members as compared to other family types.

Prediction of resiliency based on Family communication patterns and satisfying basic psychological needs

he purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family communication patterns and Resiliency with mediating role of satisfying basic psychological needs in high school students. Therefore, 379 participants (183 males and 196 females) were selected by multistage random cluster sampling among high school students in Dezful city. The research tools include: Basic need satisfaction in relationship (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2000). Resilience Scale of Connor - Davidson (2003) and Revised Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire (Koerner and Fitzpatrick, 2002). The reliability and validity of the instruments were approved. To test the model, Path analysis was used that results indicated that among dimensions of family communication patterns, the dialogue dimension has a significant positive direct and indirect effect on resiliency through three psychological. In addition Conformity dimension had indirect effect on resiliency through satisfying needs for relatedness. In sum the results showed that basic need satisfaction had a mediating role in the relationship between family communication pattern and resiliency. The findings of this study are good evidences of direct and indirect impact of parents on children. Therefore, the families who were trying to have a dialogue with children, pay attention to their demands, this resulted in child resilience. Keywords: Dialogue, need for relatedness, need for competence and resiliency.Â

Perbedaan Emotional Abuse pada Remaja Akhir yang Berpacaran Berdasarkan Pola Komunikasi dalam Keluarga

Problems in dating relationship may lead to violence such as emotional abuse that usually can lead to physical abuse and sexual abuse. The need for the role of parents in control and give examples of behaviour to adolescents directly or indirectly. Children will bring exemplified parents into the social environment as communication patterns. Family communication patterns is divided into four, namely Pluralistic, Consensual, Laissez-Faire, and Protective. Communication patterns are different in every family will indirectly establish a different personality for each adolescents. Based on the exposure, this study has the objective to determine differences in emotional abuse in adolescents who are dating is based on communication patterns within the family. Subjects in this study were 75 people late adolescents who are dating and live with parents at Udayana University. Instruments in this research is the Emotional Abuse scale and Revised Family Communication Pattern (RFCP) scale. One Way ANOVA analysis results showed p=0,031 (F=3,138; p&lt;0,05) can thus be noted that there are differences in emotional abuse in adolescents who are dating is based on communication patterns within the family. Differences are also evident from the pattern of Pluralistic group communication and Laissez-Faire contained probability value p=0,043 (p&lt;0,05), which means that Ho is rejected or there is a difference between communication patterns within the family group pluralistic and Laissez-Faire. Adolescents who grew up with communication patterns Laissez-Faire has a higher tendency to do emotional abuse in couples than adolescents who grew up with pluralistic communication patterns. Keywords: emotional abuse, family communication pattern, late adolescents, RFCP, Pluralistic, Consensual, Laissez-Faire, Protective

The Influence of Family Communication Patterns on Religious Orientation Among College Students

A web survey of 215 participants was conducted to determine if the Revised Family Communication Patterns (RFCP) scale predicted a variety of dependent variables related to religiosity, including extrinsic and intrinsic orientations toward religion, along with strength of religious faith. Both dimensions of the RFCP significantly predicted strength of religious faith, intrinsic orientation and extrinsic orientation beyond the amount of variance predicted by demographic variables and church attendance in the family of origin. Implications for family communication patterns for the socialization of religious values are considered.

Do Family Communication Patterns Buffer Children from Difficulties Associated with a Parent's Military Deployment? Examining Deployed and At-home Parents’ Perspectives

Based on models of family resiliency, this study explored whether deployed and at-home parents’ reports of family communication patterns were associated with reported child difficulties and prosocial behavior during a military parent's deployment. Participants were National Guard families attending yellow-ribbon reintegration events. Parents completed the Revised Family Communication Patterns short-form measure as well as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire about their oldest child. For deployed parents, conversation orientation was associated with fewer reported child behavioral problems and more prosocial child behavior during the reunion period, suggesting that conversation orientation serves as a protective factor as service members reintegrate into the family. At-home parents’ reports of conversation orientation were not significantly associated with their reports of child difficulties or prosocial behavior. Future research needs to clarify how the communicative behaviors of deployed and at-home parents might function differently in promoting children's resiliency during a military parent's deployment and return.

Communication Patterns of Malay Families in Terengganu, Malaysia

This study focuses on communication patterns of children with their parents. Two types of patterns are emphasized which are the conversation and conformity orientations of communication. Conversation orientation refers to the openness of parents when communicating with their children signifying a two-way relationship between parents and their children. While conformity orientation refers to a rigid form of communication where parental authority is emphasized. The two forms of communication are significant in family relationships. This study involved 1,012 respondents comprising 435 children (secondary school students), 300 mothers and 277 fathers of Malay families in the state of Terengganu, Malaysia. The Revised Family Communication Pattern by Ritchie and Fitzpatrick Instrument was used to measure the patterns of family communication. Results of the study showed the respondents utilized both forms of communications at a moderate level, and that communication could explain the level of relationship between family members.

Predicting Identity Style based on Family Communication Pattern in Young Males

This research shows the role of family communication pattern in predicting identity styles. One of the main topics in social psychology and characteristic in the recent decade is the Identity. On the other hand, family is the first system that a kid is placed in, affected by and his identity formed. Based on this reason, this research is looking for the role of family communication pattern in identity processing style in young males. For this purpose 345 male students were selected with the average age of 21/05 (±2/02) among the students of different colleges of Shiraz University with simple random sampling. All of the participants completed Revised Family Communication Pattern (RFCP) instrument (Fitzpatrick & Ritchie, 1994) and Identity Style Inventory (ISI) (White, Wampler & Winn, 1998). RFCP has two orientations: Conversation Orientation and Conformity Orientation. Also ISI has three styles: Normative, Informational and Diffuse-avoidant Styles. The result of multiple regressions shows that the conversation orientation of communication pattern in family predicts normative and informational styles positively. Also conformity orientation of communication pattern in family predicts diffuse-avoidant style positively.