Review Article Research Articles

Advancements in Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Trends in Medical Development

This review article explores the latest advancements in clinical practice, focusing on emerging trends that are transforming healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. Key developments discussed include telemedicine and remote patient monitoring, personalized and precision medicine, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in diagnostics, robotics and automation in surgery, as well as mobile health applications and wearable devices. Each of these advancements has the potential to enhance the accessibility, accuracy, and efficiency of clinical care. However, these innovations also introduce challenges, such as concerns about data privacy, ethical considerations surrounding AI, and the need for updated regulatory frameworks. The review highlights how these trends contribute to improved patient engagement, cost efficiency, and overall healthcare quality. By examining both the benefits and challenges associated with these developments, this article underscores the importance of innovation in driving the future of clinical practice. Recommendations for future research and policy are also provided to support the continued evolution of healthcare practices.

Mushrooms and Colorectal Cancer: Unveiling Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Innovations.

Nature has bestowed us with an abundant reservoir of resources that besides having nutritional value, are prolific mines of bioactive constituents with a plethora of medicinal activities. Mushrooms have been used since centuries in traditional system of medicine for their purported health benefits including anticancer activities. Thorough research, spanning over centuries in Japan, China, Korea, and the USA, has established the unique properties of mushrooms and their extractives in the prevention and treatment of various types cancer. The aim of the review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature highlighting the potential relationship between mushrooms and colorectal cancer. Different databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were searched and a total of 62 articles and two book chapters were reviewed, and data were extracted. Multiple studies have demonstrated that mushrooms exhibit anticancer activities, effectively reducing adverse side effects such as nausea, myelosuppression, anemia, and sleeplessness. Furthermore, they have been shown to mitigate drug resistance following chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Certain species such as Antrodia, Pleurotus, Ganoderma, Lentinula, Hericium, Cantharellus, Clitocybe, Coprinopsis, Trametes, Sparassis, Lactarius, and so on manifest anticancer activity in colon. The article can help improve the scientific understanding of the co-relationship between mushrooms and colorectal cancer. This may help in advancing the research directions and integrating the mushroom-based strategies into current treatment protocols of colorectal cancer.

FRICTION STIR PROCESSED MAGNESIUM MATRIX SURFACE COMPOSITES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract Nowadays modern materials are tailored using different manufacturing techniques. Usually, material surface is modified by even distribution of reinforcement particles/ fibres up to a certain depth. The developed surface metal matrix composites (MMCs) exhibit superior metallurgical, mechanical and electrochemical properties in contrast to base materials. These surface MMCs have potential applications in biomedical, automotive, aerospace and power industries. Many techniques have been used to develop these surface MMCs, however, the friction stir processing (FSP) has gained wide popularity. This review paper summarizes the effects of different FSP parameters on the metallurgical, mechanical and electrochemical properties of developed surface composites. Furthermore, the effects of secondary phase particles on the Magnesium-matrix surface composites are also comprehensively discussed.

Real-Time Tracking System for City Bus Location And Passenger Count

This survey paper reviews the advancements in real-time tracking and passenger counting systems for city buses, emphasizing the growing need for efficient, data-driven public transit solutions. As urban populations rise, city transport systems face challenges in managing demand, reducing congestion, and improving service reliability. Real-time tracking systems using GPS, GIS, and IoT-enabled sensors enable passengers and transit authorities to monitor bus locations and optimize travel times. Additionally, passenger counting systems—utilizing infrared, AI-based vision models, and pressure sensors—provide data on bus occupancy levels, allowing commuters to make informed travel decisions and helping transit agencies manage resources efficiently. This paper examines existing technologies, compares various tracking and counting methods based on accuracy, cost, and scalability, and explores recent trends in artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and smart city integration. Furthermore, it identifies critical challenges, including data privacy, accuracy in urban environments, and energy consumption, proposing future research directions for enhancing the reliability, sustainability, and user-friendliness of these systems. Our findings underscore the transformative potential of real-time bus tracking and passenger counting in advancing public transportation infrastructure and enhancing urban mobility

Temporomandibular Joint and Mandibular Movement: A Review Temporomandibular Joint

This article is a review article that emphasised on basic anatomy of the temporomandibular joint along with its supporting structures. Also,it relates TMJ with mandibular movements. For a good clinical practice it is really important to understand the basic facts.

Decarboxylative click cycloaddition: an emerging strategy towards substituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives.

1,2,3-triazole is a vital structural motif of various drugs and therapeutic leads, as well as a linker for bioconjugation and molecular recognition. Cu-catalysed click cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkynes (CuAAc) is an important reaction to construct the triazole core. In recent years, various decarboxylative click strategies utilizing alkynoic acids as stable surrogates for low boiling or gaseous alkynes have been developed. For instance, propiolic acid, which is easy to transport, is a safe alternative for flammable gaseous acetylene. In this review article, we have covered the recent development in the decarboxylative click cycloaddition of alkynoic acids with azides leading to the synthesis of diversely substituted triazoles, including monosubstituted, 1,4-disubstituted and fully substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Various aspects such as mechanistic insights and optimization conditions/role of catalyst are highlighted.

A REVIEW ON EFFECTIVENESS OF AROMATHERAPY ON MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Aromatherapy has been used as an alternative medicine and complementary therapy, for the effective treatment of mental health and well-being. Essential oil is the main agents, which is abstracted from the flower, bark, roots, leaves or certain parts of plants which contains aromatic molecules in the cells of the plants (Steflitsch & Steflitsch, 2008). Objectives: this study aims to know the effectiveness of aromatherapy on mental health and well-being. Aromatherapy may be utilized to provide advantages through inhalation, topical application, and baths. Aromatherapy can treat depression, indigestion, headaches, sleeplessness, muscular discomfort, respiratory problems, skin illnesses, swollen joints, and urinary issues (Ali, et al, 2015). Aromatherapy can be benefited by adopting a balanced and healthy diet, as well as taking precautions recommended by health specialists and aromatherapist. This review paper is based on secondary data collected through literature searches in electronic journals and book reviews, which were analyse and assess articles from certain journals utilizing Google Scholar, PubMed, Academia, Science Direct, Web of Science, and the Library Search.

Digital Divide: Examining Socioeconomic Inequalities in Internet Access and Usage

The term "digital divide" refers to the disparity that exists between those who have access to digital technologies, most notably the internet, and those who do not have such access. This disparity is caused by several socioeconomic, regional, and demographic reasons. The digital gap not only exacerbates existing disparities but also creates challenges for marginalized communities. This is because the Internet is becoming an increasingly vital instrument for education, communication, employment, and social involvement. The purpose of this review article is to analyze the underlying factors that contribute to these disparities, such as income, education, geographic location, and age, and to investigate the influence that uneven access to the internet has on different elements of contemporary life. In addition to this, it examines the policies and activities of the government, as well as the technical advancements that are being made to narrow this gap. Although attempts have been made to bridge the difference, the results imply that there is still a great deal of work to be done, especially in tackling structural inequities that continue to interfere with development. In conclusion, the article makes recommendations for comprehensive methods that aim to overcome socioeconomic obstacles and encourage fair access to Internet resources.

Autonomous Intelligent Monitoring of Photovoltaic Systems: An In‐Depth Multidisciplinary Review

ABSTRACTThis study presents a comprehensive multidisciplinary review of autonomous monitoring and analysis of large‐scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants using enabling technologies, namely artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), internet of things (IoT), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and big data analytics (BDA), aiming to automate the entire condition monitoring procedures of PV systems. Autonomous monitoring and analysis is a novel concept for integrating various techniques, devices, systems, and platforms to further enhance the accuracy of PV monitoring, thereby improving the performance, reliability, and service life of PV systems. This review article covers current trends, recent research paths and developments, and future perspectives of autonomous monitoring and analysis for PV power plants. Additionally, this study identifies the main barriers and research routes for the autonomous and smart condition monitoring of PV systems, to address the current and future challenges of enabling the PV terawatt (TW) transition. The holistic review of the literature shows that the field of autonomous monitoring and analysis of PV plants is rapidly growing and is capable to significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of PV systems. It can also have significant benefits for PV plant operators and maintenance staff, such as reducing the downtime and the need for human operators in maintenance tasks, as well as increasing the generated energy.

Comparative Analysis of Sustainable AI Techniques Used to Reduce the Carbon Footprints in the Healthcare Sector

The healthcare sector plays an important role in human well-being, however, the continuous utilization of its resources has led to environmental degradation. It has become one of the reasons for climate change, primarily through significant carbon emissions and misuse of clinical equipment. With the advancement in ongoing research, efforts are being made for sustainable healthcare development. This review paper compares the existing models and approaches based on sustainable AI to reduce carbon footprints within the healthcare sector. The paper presents a detailed study of existing literature and initiatives that use AI-driven solutions to make healthcare services more eco-friendly and economically feasible. This paper presents how AI technologies, including machine learning, data analytics, Deep Learning, and optimization algorithms, are being applied in the Supply chain, clinical trials, predictive management, and various other departments of Medicine to prevent carbon emissions arising from infrastructure, data centers, transportation, and medical equipment. Keywords: Healthcare, Carbon Footprints, Sustainable AI, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Predictive Management

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Unveiling Barriers to Enhanced Performance

Global energy consumption is steadily increasing, and the world's reliance on non-renewable energy sources such as hydroelectric and thermoelectric power is unsustainable due to their diminishing availability. The photovoltaic (PV) devices have been developed through various methods for various applications, and among these, Dye- Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) have emerged as a cost-effective and easily implementable technology. This comprehensive review paper offers an in-depth overview of DSSCs, aiming to provide insights into their construction, working principles, applications, and the significant challenges they face, primarily related to their low efficiency and stability. To fully commercialize DSSCs and compete with existing energy technologies, it is imperative to continue addressing and overcoming the efficiency challenges outlined in this review. KEYWORDS: TiO2, Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, Electrolyte, Photoanode, Counter Electrode

A Review Article: Effects of Oral Contraceptive Pills on Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, and Thyroid Gland

Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are often used for both birth control and hormone modulation. They have a substantial impact on the menstrual cycle, pregnancy prevention, and general endocrine function, including the thyroid gland. This review examines how OCPs affect menstrual control, pregnancy prevention, and thyroid hormone levels. Understanding these interactions is critical for doctors managing patients on OCPs and women making informed reproductive health decisions.

Defective HIV proviruses: possible involvement in the HIV infection pathogenesis.

This review article analyzes information obtained from a literature search on defective HIV genomes (HIV-1, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Lentivirus, Orthoretrovirinae, Retroviridae). It discusses the origins of defective HIV genomes, their potential for transcription and translation, and the role of defective RNA and proteins in stimulating both innate and adaptive immunity. The article also explores their contribution to HIV pathogenesis, immune system hyperactivation despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the evolutionary processes in HIV proviral populations under ART. Additionally, it addresses challenges in reservoir elimination and HIV eradication that arise from the existence of defective HIV viruses.

Utilization of Alloplastic Prostheses in the Extended Reconstruction of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Review of the Literature

Extended temporomandibular joint reconstruction (eTMJR) can be described as a refined approach to conventional temporomandibular joint reconstruction (TMJR) designed to address both the articulating components of the TMJ and associated mandibular segmental defects or defects in the skull base. Extended temporomandibular joint reconstruction (eTMJR) combined with the advancement in VSP not only offers improved functional and esthetic outcomes but also signifies a significant leap forward in the realm of TMJR interventions. In comparison to autogenous grafts, alloplastic pro$stheses exhibit superior outcomes concerning MIO, pain management, and dietary functionality, underscoring their potential as the preferred treatment modality. This review article showcases an in-depth exploration of eTMJR, covering its classifications, indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, complications, virtual surgical planning (VSP), criteria for successful alloplastic devices, and the surgical approach.

Strain Engineered Semiconductor Nanomembranes for Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications

AbstractWhen semiconductor crystals are made into the form of thin sheets, i.e., nanomembranes, their properties and behaviors may be remarkably different from their bulk counterparts. A plethora of fascinating science and important applications arise consequently, some of which are investigated in recent years, and there are still a lot more to be discovered in the future. Nanomembranes (NMs) provide a good platform for strain engineering and offer tremendous research opportunities in photonics and optoelectronics applications. Strain alters energy band line up of a material furthermore influencing its carrier mobility which impacts a wide range of applications. In this article, the strain‐engineered NMs are reviewed using semiconductor materials as a model system for photonics and optoelectronics applications. While many fundamental aspects of NMs are discussed and outlined different methods for strain engineering of NM, the use of semiconductor NMs for photonics and optoelectronics applications is the locus of the present review article.

Modern views on the diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with diffuse liver diseases

Currently, the term sarcopenia is primarily understood as a decrease in muscle strength as a key characteristic of sarcopenia, taking into account that the most unfavorable clinical outcomes occur in patients with a combination of impaired muscle strength and function. In particular, grip strength combined with evaluation of the end-stage liver disease (MELD) model is the best predictive model among widely used methods for diagnosing sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Given that muscle mass does not always correlate well with muscle strength or function in the population of patients with cirrhosis of the liver, there is a need for a comprehensive diagnosis of sarcopenia based on a combination of functional research methods with modern instrumental methods. The presented review article highlights current information on the diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases. Aspects of antrometric methods, functional tests, methods for evaluating muscle strength and mass, and physical performance are reflected. Special attention is paid to the advantages of modern methods of instrumental diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with diffuse liver diseases. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods of instrumental diagnostics are noted.

AGROTECH: A Smart Agricultural System Using IOT and ML

Agriculture remains one of the most important sectors that support human survival which supplies basic needs, a source of income for many dependants' community. Despite these advantages, resource scarcity, adverse environmental conditions and pest infestations remain serious threats to crop products. To mitigate these concerns, we present a smart agriculture system which uses the most modern technologies like IoT (Internet of Things) machine learning (ML) and sensors with automation. The system consists of an intelligent irrigation mechanism for efficient utilization of water, an animal detection system used to trace cattle, and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Sensor joined with buzzer for early detection of any global environmental changes. Additionally, the integration of plant disease detection capabilities further enhances the system's effectiveness. By employing various sensors to collect data on environmental factors, including moisture and temperature, the proposed framework enables timely decision-making for crop management. The aim is to provide farmers with actionable insights, ensuring food security while minimizing resource consumption and economic losses. This review paper discusses the potential benefits and implementation strategies of such an intelligent agricultural system, emphasizing the need for innovation in agricultural practices to meet the growing demands of an increasing population

The intersection of financial modeling and public health: A conceptual exploration of cost-effective healthcare delivery

This review paper explores the intersection of financial modeling and public health, highlighting the importance of cost-effective healthcare delivery in contemporary health systems. Financial modeling serves as a crucial tool for policymakers, providing evidence-based insights that inform decision-making and optimize resource allocation. Key financial models, including cost-benefit analysis and predictive modeling, are examined for their applications in public health initiatives, particularly in areas such as preventive care and chronic disease management. The paper discusses core public health priorities—prevention, access, and quality—and the economic constraints faced by healthcare systems. Recommendations are provided for policymakers and healthcare professionals to enhance the application of financial models, emphasizing the need for training, investment in data infrastructure, and fostering cross-sector collaborations. By leveraging financial modeling, public health systems can achieve improved health outcomes while maximizing resource efficiency, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and equitable healthcare landscape.. Keywords: Financial Modeling, Public Health, Cost-Effectiveness, Healthcare Delivery, Resource Allocation, Preventive Care.

Tea Quality: An Overview of the Analytical Methods and Sensory Analyses Used in the Most Recent Studies

Tea, one of the world’s most consumed beverages, has a rich variety of sensory qualities such as appearance, aroma, mouthfeel and flavor. This review paper summarizes the chemical and volatile compositions and sensory qualities of different tea infusions including black, green, oolong, dark, yellow, and white teas based on published data over the past 4 years (between 2021 and 2024), largely focusing on the methodologies. This review highlights the relationships among the different processing methods of tea and their resulting chemical and sensory profiles. Environmental and handling factors during processing, such as fermentation, roasting, and drying are known to play pivotal roles in shaping the unique flavors and aromas of different types of tea, each containing a wide variety of compounds enhancing specific sensory characteristics like umami, astringency, sweetness, and fruity or floral notes, which may correlate with certain groups of chemical compositions. The integration of advanced analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), with traditional sensory analysis techniques was found to be essential in the evaluation of the chemical composition and sensory attributes of teas. Additionally, emerging approaches like near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electronic sensory methods show potential in modern tea evaluation. The complexity of tea sensory characteristics necessitates the development of combined approaches using both analytical methods and human sensory analysis for a comprehensive and better understanding of tea quality.

The role of Blockchain technology in ensuring pharmaceutical supply chain integrity and traceability

This review paper explores blockchain technology's transformative role in enhancing pharmaceutical supply chains' integrity and traceability. As the pharmaceutical industry grapples with challenges such as counterfeiting, fraud, and data discrepancies, blockchain emerges as a promising solution, offering a decentralized and immutable ledger that enhances transparency and security. Blockchain addresses critical issues that compromise patient safety and public health by enabling real-time monitoring and providing a single source of truth for all stakeholders. The paper highlights key findings on the benefits of blockchain, including improved traceability, automation through smart contracts, and enhanced collaboration among stakeholders. Additionally, it presents recommendations for pharmaceutical companies, regulators, and technology developers to facilitate the adoption and implementation of blockchain solutions in the pharmaceutical sector. Ultimately, this review underscores the potential of blockchain to revolutionize pharmaceutical supply chains, ensuring the delivery of safe and legitimate medications to consumers. Keywords: Blockchain Technology, Pharmaceutical Supply Chain, Traceability, Counterfeiting, Smart Contracts, Public Health.