Review Of World Literature Research Articles

Cytogenetic pattern profiling in cases of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in pediatric age group

IntroductionAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises about 70–80% of childhood leukemia. The present work was undertaken to study the spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities in North Indian population in haematologically confirmed pediatric ALL patients using bone marrow aspirates. MethodsBone marrow aspirates (0.6ml) after adding 15ml RPMI medium were divided into three parts for immediate culture, 24h culture and 48h culture method, were incubated according to their respective time duration and karyotyping was done. ResultsOut of 20 cases results were obtained in 14 cases. Out of these 9 cases (64.2%) in present study belonged to hypodiploid group. Trisomy was found in 3 (21.42%) cases and polyploidy in 1 (7.1%) case. Three year old male patient showed translocation t (21; 4) with deletion of long arm of chromosome 5 and absence of 7, 11, 12 and Y chromosomes. 4 Year old male patient showed translocation involving chromosome 13 with absence of chromosomes 7, 10, 11 and 12.5year old male patient showed one dicenteric 5 chromosome with additional copies of chromosomes 6, 8, 9, 21 and 22. DiscussionNumerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities found in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia have prognostic significance. Review of world literature shows that there is geographical variation in ploidy pattern of ALL. Our findings will help to play a key role in risk stratification and treatment protocols considering the genetic diversity of pediatric ALL in North Indian population.

DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES WITH INTRAORAL MYELOID SARCOMA: REPORT OF TWO CASES & REVIEW OF WORLD LITERATURE

Myeloid sarcomas (MS) are rare extramedullary tumors composed of blasts of myeloid lineage that either precede, follow or present concomitantly with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myeloproliferative neoplasms. The diagnosis of MS is especially challenging in patients without an antecedent history of leukemia. We present 2 cases of intraoral MS that presented as de novo lesions. A detailed review of cases of intraoral MS that either preceded or presented along with leukemia has been done with emphasis on diagnostic criteria used. Two male patients aged 28 and 5 years presented with MS with one patient presenting with concomitant AML. A combination of morphological and immunohistochemical methods was used for diagnosis. A thorough review of world literature revealed 44 cases of intraoral MS that presented as de novo lesions. Intraoral MS is a rare tumor with poor prognosis. It may be diagnostically challenging due to its protean clinical manifestations and histological overlap with other tumors.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated Leser-Trélat sign: report and world literature review

The sign of Leser-Trélat is characterizedby the sudden appearance of seborrheic keratosesassociated with an underlying malignancy. An elderly man who developed multiple new-onsetseborrheic keratoses temporally associated witha diagnosis of mycosis fungoides is described andlymphoma-associated Leser-Trélat sign is reviewed. Pubmed was used to search the followingterms: cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Leser-Trélat,leukemia, lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, and Sézarysyndrome. Papers with these terms and referencescited within these papers were reviewed. An 84-year-old man developed multiple seborrheickeratoses temporally associated with a diagnosisof mycosis fungoides is presented. He was treatedwith bexarotene and achieved clinical remission;the number of seborrheic keratoses also decreased.Lymphoma-associated Leser-Trélat sign has beenobserved not only with mycosis fungoides but alsoother lymphomas and leukemias. Thesign of Leser-Trélat is predominantly associated withsolid organ adenocarcinomas. Albeit less common, aneruptive onset of seborrheic keratoses can also occurin association with hematopoietic malignancies.

USE OF NARROW SPECTRAL ENDOSCOPY METHOD IN DIAGNOSTICS OF MALIGNANT LARYNX DISEASES: LITERATURE REVIEW NAND CLINICAL OBSEVRATIONS

It is generally agreed today that that endoscopy is the main method for the visualization of the mucosa of the upper airdigestive tract.What is more we can see early changings in the vascular structure due to modern technologies that are combined with endoscopy. NBI (narrow band imaging) endoscopy is one of the most modern optic method that allows to enhance the facilities of standard white light endoscopy. It can be achieved by enhancing of contrast of the vessels. This effect can be gained be means of optical color separation filters that modify the spectral features. The filter is placed in the optical system of the illumination and cuts all wavelengths in illumination except two narrow wavelengths: 415 nm and 540 nm. Narrow band illumination is strongly absorbed by hemoglobin. As a result, capillaries on the mucosal surface are presented in brown on the monitor, and veins in the submucosal surface are displayed in cyan. In the present article we propose the world literature review considering the diagnostic effectiveness of NBI endoscopy. We included available information about perioperative application of this diagnostic method as well. And we proposed several clinical cases.

A Complete World Literature Review of Quality of Life (QOL) in Patients with Kidney Stone Disease (KSD).

Purpose of ReviewThe purpose of this study was to review the current evidence for quality of life (QOL) in patients with kidney stone disease (KSD).Recent FindingsA review of literature from inception to May 2016 for all prospective English language articles on QOL in patients with KSD was done. QOL studies post urological procedures or ureteric stents were excluded. Nine studies (1570 patients) were included of which most (n = 6) used the SF-36 QOL tool. Overall, seven of the nine studies demonstrated a lower QOL in patients with KSD. Bodily pain and general health were significantly lower in patients with KSD compared to their control groups.SummaryPatients with KSD have an overall lower QOL with most impact on bodily pain and general health domains. Compared to the scale of patients suffering from KSD, more work needs to be done in measuring QOL both in terms of ‘Stone specific’ QOL measuring tools and the quality/number of studies in this field.

Prognostic Benefit of Surgical Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma Invading the Inferior Vena Cava.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90-95% of neoplasms arising from the kidney. One of the unique features of RCC is the tumor thrombus formation that migrates into the venous system including renal vein (RV) and inferior vena cava (IVC). Only 10% of patients with RCC present with the classic triad of flank pain, hematuria and defined mass, while 25-30% of affected patients are asymptomatic. Signs of para-neoplastic syndrome such as hypercalcemia, hypertension, anemia, cachexia and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are often apparent. Extension of tumor thrombus into the venous system is depicted by radiological examinations, such as contrast enhanced Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and vena cavography. The level of the thrombus is mostly determined according to the Mayo classification. Despite recent research on the therapeutic strategies against advanced RCC, surgical resection appears the only potentially curative approach. Aggressive surgical management including nephrectomy with thrombectomy is currently the standard therapeutic approach for RCC patients with tumor thrombus extending to the RV or the IVC. Pre-surgical down-staging with the use of molecular targeted therapy has also been proposed. Alternative therapies, such as radio- and chemotherapy proved insufficient. The aim of this review is to evaluate the results of surgical treatment for RCC invading IVC with special reference to the extent of its histological spread. Review of recent world literature was accomplished to provide an update on the current concepts of surgical management of the disease.

Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix:A retrospective study with review of literature

Background: Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (LC) secondary to cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon cause of diffuse infiltrative lung disease. Its reported incidence is quiet low. Materials and Methods: Fifty cases of cervical carcinoma were studied from 2005 to 2014. There was only one case of squamous cell carcinoma cervix that developed pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis subsequently. Clinical manifestations of LC such as dyspnea and non-productive cough can mimic with clinical picture of pneumonia, pneumonitis, pulmonary embolism, congestive heart failure, asthma, and sarcoidosis and thus can be a diagnostic dilemma for treating physician. A review of world literature was also done to examine all the reported cases of cervical carcinoma which presented as pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis. A few cases have been reported so far. Concussion: Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis is a rare manifestation of metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix and is associated with a poor prognosis. Increased clinical alertness of such patterns of metastases in cervical cancer along with accurate pathological diagnosis is compulsory to guide proper therapy in these patients.

Procedury dezynfekcji skóry na oddziale intensywnej terapii medycznej dorosłych i dzieci jako profilaktyka zakażeń szpitalnych – przegląd światowej literatury

Procedury dezynfekcji skóry na oddziale intensywnej terapii medycznej dorosłych i dzieci jako profilaktyka zakażeń szpitalnych – przegląd światowej literatury

A systematic review of the emotional, behavioural and cognitive features exhibited by school-aged children experiencing neglect or emotional abuse.

Interventions to minimize the long-term consequences of neglect or emotional abuse rely on prompt identification of these children. This systematic review of world literature (1947-2012) identifies features that children aged 5-14 years experiencing neglect or emotional abuse, as opposed to physical or sexual abuse, may exhibit. Searching 18 databases, utilizing over 100 keywords, supplemented by hand searching, 13,210 articles were identified and 111 underwent full critical appraisal by two independent trained reviewers. The 30 included studies highlighted behavioural features (15 studies), externalizing features being the most prominent (8/9 studies) and internalizing features noted in 4/6 studies. Four studies identified attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) associated features: impulsivity, inattention or hyperactivity. Child difficulties in initiating or developing friendships were noted in seven studies. Of 13 studies addressing emotional well-being, three highlighted low self-esteem, with a perception of external control (1), or depression (6) including suicidality (1). A negative internal working model of the mother increased the likelihood of depression (1). In assessing cognition or academic performance, lower general intelligence (3/4) and reduced literacy and numeracy (2) were reported, but no observable effect on memory (3). School-aged children presenting with poor academic performance, ADHD symptomatology or abnormal behaviours warrant assessment of neglect or emotional abuse as a potential underlying cause.

P253. De novo Inflammatory Bowel Disease following paediatric liver transplantation: A case series of three patients and world literature review

P253. De novo Inflammatory Bowel Disease following paediatric liver transplantation: A case series of three patients and world literature review

Outcome of ureteroscopy for stone disease in patients with horseshoe kidney: Review of world literature.

Introduction and Objectives:The management of urolithiasis in patients with horseshoe kidney (HSK) is difficult. Stone formation occurred in 1:5 patients with HSK due to impaired urinary drainage and infections. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy and shock wave lithotripsy can be technically challenging due to altered anatomy.Materials and Methods:We conducted a systematic review of the literature to look at the role of ureteroscopy for stone management in these patients. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to April 2013 for results of ureteroscopy and stone treatment in HSK patients. Inclusion criteria were all English language articles reporting on ureteroscopy in patients with HSK. Data were extracted on the outcomes and complications.Results:A total of 3 studies was identified during this period. Forty-one patients with HSK underwent flexible ureteroscopy and stone treatment. The mean age was 42 with a male:female ratio nearly 3:1. The mean stone size was 16 mm (range: 3-35 mm). The mean operating time was 86 min with multiple stones seen in 15 patients. All 41 patients had a ureteral access sheath used and flexible ureteroscopy and holmium laser fragmentation done. Thirty-two (78%) patients were stone-free with a mean hospital stay of 1-day. Minor complications (Clavien I or II) were seen in 13 (32%) of which 6 had stent discomfort, 3 needed intravenous antibiotics for <24 h, 3 had hematuria of which 2 needed blood transfusion and one had pyelonephritis needing re-admission and antibiotics. There were no major complications found in the review.Conclusions:Retrograde stone treatment using ureteroscopy and lasertripsy in HSK patients can be performed with good stone clearance rate, but with a slightly higher complication rate. This procedure should, therefore, be done in high volume stone center with an experienced stone surgeon/team.

A rare stapes abnormality.

The aim of this study is to increase awareness of rare presentations, diagnostic difficulties alongside management of conductive hearing loss and ossicular abnormalities. We report the case of a 13-year-old female reporting progressive left-sided hearing loss and high resolution computed tomography was initially reported as normal. Exploratory tympanotomy revealed an absent stapedius tendon and lack of connection between the stapes superstructure and footplate. The footplate was fixed. Stapedotomy and stapes prosthesis insertion resulted in closure of the air-bone gap by 50 dB. A review of world literature was performed using MedLine. Middle ear ossicular discontinuity can result in significant conductive hearing loss. This can be managed effectively with surgery to help restore hearing. However, some patients may not be suitable or decline surgical intervention and can be managed safely conservatively.

КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ЛАТЕРАЛИЗАЦИОННЫЕ ПРИЗНАКИ ПРИ СИМПТОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ВИСОЧНОЙ ЭПИЛЕПСИИ

Abstract: the article presents a review of world literature on significance of various clinical lateralizing signs in temporal lobe epilepsy, such as dystonic posturing, limb automatisms, ictal and postictal aphasia, ictal nystagmus, head turning, periiktal headache, etc. The results of current research are compared with previously published reports. The ictal dystonic unilateral limb posturing (possibly isolated in a hand, foot, predominantly in distal parts of limbs) is still one of the most informative lateralizing signs and it is lateralized in contralateral hemisphere in 100% of cases. It is shown that the “early” and “late” head turning, and unilateral limb automatisms are the most important and convincing lateralizing signs, which must be considered in connection with the EEG data to determine the epileptogenic focus in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

IgG Lambda Myeloma Presenting as Plasmacytic Ascites: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic disease of plasma cells accounting for 13% of haematological malignancies and 2% of all malignancies worldwide. Ascites may develop very rarely during the course of disease in multiple myeloma. We report the case of a 78years old male with IgG lambda multiple myeloma who initially presented with plasmacytic ascites. An exhaustive review of world literature reveals 65 cases of ascites to have been reported in myeloma over a span of 62years (1952 till date), usually developing in the course of treatment. This is the 7th case of plasmacytic ascites to have been diagnosed at initial presentation. We review the clinical features, diagnosis, prognostic significance and treatment of such cases.

English

We report a rare case of osteogenic sarcoma of zygomatic arch presenting in a 20 year old male patient and a review of world literature on incidence and imaging. Craniofacial osteosarcomas are rare primary malignant bone tumours. This paper presents a case of osteogenic sarcoma of left zygomatic arch, showing erosion of middle aspect of left zygomatic arch with sun-ray spicules noted perpendicular to the cortex with multiple conglomerated new bone formation and associated soft tissue swelling extending inferiorly into the left infratemporal fossa and later diagnosed as osteosarcoma with chondroblastic differentiation. In head and neck, the most common sites of origin are the mandible, maxilla, nasal septum, hard palate and skull vault. More than 50% of craniofascial osteosarcomas arise in the jaw. Mandible is more commonly affected than maxilla. Zygomatic arch is a very rare site of involvement. Osteosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lytic lesions with associated soft tissue swelling of zygomatic arch. Only four cases of primary osteogenic sarcoma of zygomatic arch have been reported in the English- language

Breast Tomosynthesis: a Replacement or an Adjunct to Conventional Diagnostic Mammography?

Mammography is the current standard for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Conventional mammography, a 2D representation of a 3D structure, is limited in sensitivity and specificity by overlapping tissue. Digital breast tomosynthesis, or 3D mammography, overcomes this major limitation. Since it was approved in the US as an adjunct to 2D mammography in February 2011, digital breast tomosynthesis has become more widely available. Review of the limited world literature on digital breast tomosynthesis shows it to be a promising technique increasing the accuracy of mammography by improving detection, localization, and characterization of findings. Here we review the potential benefits and disadvantages of digital breast tomosynthesis for screening and diagnosis, and describe the latest advances in tomosynthesis technology, including synthesized 2D imaging that may render the conventional 2D mammogram obsolete.

Progressive Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis: a Case Report with a Family History in Three Generations

Abstract Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis is the most common form of porokeratosis in adults, which develops in the third or fourth decade of life, but may also occur later or earlier, more frequently in females, particularly in countries with high sun exposure. Lesions are numerous, uniform, superficial with central atrophy, demarcated by a distinct peripheral ridge, and usually found on sun exposed areas or elsewhere. The disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. We present a 57-year-old retired woman. Her initial skin changes, affecting the face, developed in her thirties, and they have not changed their features since. In the following years, changes developed on the extensor surface of her arms and legs, with more prominent erythema, and then also on other parts of the body, including palms and soles, presenting as dark brown pigmented patches. Her mother had similar changes, and her daughter, who lives abroad, also has them. On examination, the patient presented with facial lesions, patches 2-3 mm wide, with peripheral hyperpigmentation and a pale center. There were multiple, 2-3 mm wide, dark brown lesions on the extremities and trunk. The lesions were either flat or with atrophic center with darker filiform corneal rim. Pathohistolgical examination revealed a "cornoid lamella", which is pathognomonic for the diagnosis of porokeratosis. Auxiliary diagnostic methods were also used - dermoscopy and Gentian violet staining. The patient was advised to avoid sun exposure and to apply photoprotective sunscreens. In conclusion, this is a case report of a disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis that affected three generations of a family. Our patient developed lesions on palms and soles as well. A review of available world literature shows that this is the second case report of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis with palmoplantar involvement.

Pleomorphic lipoma of the tongue as potential mimic of liposarcoma

We herein report a rare case of pleomorphic lipoma of the tongue with a review of world literature. A 44-year-old woman presented with a nodule of the tongue that had been present for over three years. Clinical examination revealed a yellowish sub-mucosal lesion, measuring 3 cm in maximum diameter, protruding from lingual surface. A first biopsy showed a lipomatous tumour composed of mature adipocytes intermingled with myxoid areas composed of spindle uniform in size and shape and multinucleated floret-like giant cells. Spindle and giant cells were positive for CD34. A diagnosis of pleomorphic lipoma was made. In view of the benign nature of this mass, it was de-bulked rather than completely excised in order to preserve swallowing function.

Ovarian ectopic pregnancy: Aetiology, diagnosis, and challenges in surgical management

Primary ovarian ectopic pregnancy (OEP) remains a rare but important type of ectopic pregnancy which is normally diagnosed at surgery. The aetiology is unknown. We have found fertility treatments (18.1%) and intrauterine contraceptive devices (19.3%) remain important associated risk factors. We undertook a world literature review of all cases since 1995. We found that 52% of cases were managed laparoscopically, which is less than the reported UK rate of all ectopics, of 85.9%. Over that time period, eight patients were treated medically with a success rate of 50%. While the original 1878 Spiegelberg's criterion still holds for the diagnosis, the addition of modern ultrasound scanning has made a radiological diagnosis possible. In a few cases, the management of OEP remains similar to that of a tubal ectopic pregnancy with the same challenges. Laparoscopy with ovarian sparing in the stable woman is today the surgical treatment of choice.

Breastfeeding after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of world literature

The rate of exclusive breastfeeding remains low in many countries. Furthermore, cesarean delivery (CD) is increasing and may affect breastfeeding success. The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to determine whether CD (prelabor or in-labor) is associated with a lower rate of breastfeeding compared with vaginal delivery (VD). Studies published before January 2011 that reported breastfeeding up to 6 mo postpartum and compared outcomes after CD or VD, including foreign language publications, were identified through PubMed and bibliographic review. Prespecified data were extracted independently by multiple observers. The types of CD [prelabor (elective/scheduled) or in-labor (emergency)] were compared by subgroup analyses. Potential sources of study-level bias were analyzed by using meta-regression and sensitivity analyses. The systematic review included 53 studies (554,568 subjects, 33 countries); 25 authors contributed additional data (245,455 subjects), and 48 studies (553,306 subjects, 31 countries) were included in the meta-analysis. Rates of early breastfeeding (any initiation or at hospital discharge) were lower after CD compared with after VD (pooled OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.64; P < 0.00001) and lower after prelabor but not after in-labor CD (prelabor OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.86; P < 0.00001; in-labor OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.04; P = 0.86). In mothers who initiated breastfeeding, CD had no significant effect on any breastfeeding at 6 mo (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.01; P = 0.08). There was a negative association between prelabor CD and early breastfeeding. If breastfeeding is initiated, mode of delivery has no apparent effect on the number of mothers still breastfeeding at 6 mo. Women and health care workers should be aware of the negative associations between CD and early breastfeeding and consequent implications for infants' well-being.