Statistical Review Research Articles

Statistical reviews in journals of the World Association of Medical Editors.

In recent years, there has been a decline in the quality of statistical reporting in biomedical scientific journals. The aim of this survey study was to find out the opinions of the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) members on statistical reviews conducted in their journals, and to summarize the related recommendations that should be implemented in this area. A survey containing 25 questions on a range of aspects related to statistical peer review was distributed to WAME members and editorial staff of the journals they are affiliated with. The survey was completed by 141 individuals, the largest proportion of whom were editors‑in‑chief (36.9%). According to 40% of the respondents, only 31%-50% of the manuscripts accepted for publication are statistically correct. The higher the respondents' assessment of their own statistical knowledge, the lower they believed this percentage to be (P = 0.02). The frequency of statistical peer review was estimated by most respondents at only 1%-10% of the submitted manuscripts. The main reasons for this included difficulty in finding reviewers with the right skills and a lack of funding in this area. Among the respondents working for journals without a statistical editor on the editorial board, 49% believed that statistical reviews enhance the quality of published manuscripts, whereas among those confirming a presence of a statistical editor, this percentage was as high as 84% (P <0.001). Only 5% of the respondents stated that their journal uses the Statistical Analyses and Methods in the Published Literature recommendations. Nowadays, members of editorial boards face significant problems related conducting statistical reviews for their journals. For this reason, it is imperative to start implementing statistical guidelines for biomedical journals.

Modeling and simulation: A comparative and systematic statistical review

Modeling and simulation took a considerable part of both professional and educational fields during the past few years. With the emergence of new technologies, several modeling and simulation tools, languages and softwares were developed in different areas, and are even introduced in the educational program, which can only prove their importance, especially when it comes to decision-making process. Both concepts also took part of the industry 4.0 paradigm and can be used to test and validate the digital technologies to facilitate their implementation. This variety of modeling and simulation solutions lead us to the following challenging question: which solution to adopt for which case study?The purpose of this article is to set a list of the different modeling and simulation tools, languages and softwares through a statistical literature review, focusing on the industrial field, precisely when it comes to production flow optimization and waste elimination in accordance with lean manufacturing strategy, to determine the pros and cons of each modeling and simulation solution and therefore serve as a referential for companies to identify the best match to their need.

An Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibition Activity by Various Natural Approaches: A Statistic Review

The most prevalent cardiovascular illness in the world, hypertension, is a significant public health issue in both developed and developing nations. A major risk of cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure is morbidity and mortality. Among all the classes of antihypertensive drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition has been considered an effective therapeutic approach for the management of hypertension. ACE catalyzes the conversion of inactive angiotensin I into a potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II results in raising blood pressure by increasing peripheral resistance, heart rate, and cardiac output. There are a number of disorders associated with the cardiovascular system which is frequently treated with ACE inhibitors. Nowadays, various synthetic ACE inhibitors are used in clinical use to treat hypertension. There have been numerous negative side effects related to synthetic ACE inhibitors. Look for natural resources that can be exploited to produce ACE inhibitors that are reliable, safe, benign, and more cost-effective approaches. This review focuses on ACE inhibitors from natural source for the control hypertension. Additionally, a valid statistical analysis of data using a one-sample t-test on data that was collected at random and valued looks at whether the sample's mean is statistically different from or equal to a known or predicted mean value.

Georgian Labour Market in Gender Prism: A Statistical Review

Georgian Labour Market in Gender Prism: A Statistical Review

Interpreting Cancer Incidence Rates and Trends: A Review of Control Factors and Worldwide Statistics

Abstract Objective: Nutrition, lifestyle and environment are the main factors affecting the risk of cancer and the global burden of this disease. Although these factors are generally recognized among the general public and medical professionals, the exact root causes and the mechanisms involved are not clearly defined with the aim of control, and as a result, cancer incidence rates are increasing globally. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of risk factors, protective measures and statistical data related to the risk of cancer, considering the main causes. Data Sources: This article reviews the literature to address the most important control factors associated with cancer prevention and control for some of the most common types of cancer in the lung, breast, colon, stomach, prostate, cervix, and skin. Study Selection: To have a reliable interpretation, the latest statistics on age-standardized cancer incidence rates published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer are analyzed according to specific root causes. Results: Understanding the exact causes of cancer provides a basis for more effective approaches to potential cancer prevention and control strategies. Conclusion: Many cases of cancer are controlled by nutritional, lifestyle and environmental factors, and by identifying and effectively controlling the main control factors, the risk of cancer can be significantly reduced.

Thank you to eClinical Medicine’s clinical and statistical peer reviewers in 2023

Thank you to eClinical Medicine’s clinical and statistical peer reviewers in 2023

Knowledge and attitude towards mpox: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The increase in mpox incidence underscores the crucial need to understand and effectively address prevention, early detection, and agile response to this disease. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the knowledge and attitude towards mpox. A systematic review and comprehensive literature meta-analysis were conducted using prominent databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ScienceDirect, with an updated search until June 25, 2023. The quality of the included observational studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Statistical Meta-Analysis Review Instrument. The collected data were recorded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and analyses were conducted using R software version 4.2.3. Additionally, Cochran's Q statistics were applied to assess the heterogeneity of the included studies. A total of 299 articles were retrieved from 5 databases. This study included 27 cross-sectional articles with a total sample of 22,327 participants, of which 57.13% were women. The studies were conducted in 15 countries through an online survey. All studies had a moderate level of quality. The combined prevalence of a good level of knowledge about mpox was 33% (95% CI: 22%-45%; 22,327 participants; 27 studies; I2 = 100%), and the combined prevalence of a positive attitude towards mpox was 40% (95% CI: 19%-62%; 2,979 participants; 6 studies; I2 = 99%). Additionally, as a secondary outcome, the combined prevalence of the intention to vaccinate against mpox was 58% (95% CI: 37%-78%; 2,932 participants; 7 studies; I2 = 99%). Good knowledge and a positive attitude towards mpox were found to be low. The findings of this study highlight the need to identify gaps and focus on implementing educational programs on mpox. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI), Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Thank you to eBioMedicine’s clinical and statistical peer reviewers in 2023

Thank you to eBioMedicine’s clinical and statistical peer reviewers in 2023

Vulnerability of the Agricultural Commodity Markets in Ghana to Global Oil Price Fluctuations: An Empirical Analysis

Despite the advocacy for climate change goals and encouragement for renewables, crude oil continues to dominate the energy markets. Crude oil price, however, is prone to global price fluctuations. Analyses of these effects on agricultural commodity markets in Ghana is neglected which this study seeks to answer. A nonlinear approach (NARDL) is employed in evaluating the effects of global oil price fluctuation on Ghana’s agricultural commodity market vulnerability, proxied by their producer prices. Different indicators are used since crude price fluctuations might have varying impacts on macroeconomic indicators in both magnitude and signs. Quarterly time series data are sourced from different institutions including data from the Bank of Ghana, FAO, and British Petroleum Statistical Review spanning from 1980: Q1 to 2019: Q4. Empirical results indicate that crude oil price fluctuations have different signs and magnitude for agricultural food commodities prices for both short- and long-runs. The findings of the study bring to bear how the agricultural activities in Ghana respond to variability in global crude oil prices. Policies mitigating changes in prices of animal products ought to be grounded on other issues instead of changes in crude oil prices. Also, programs such as “Planting for Food and Jobs” must be implemented in effectively. JEL Classification: Q02; C32; E31; H23

The impact of investor's attention on global stock market: statistical review of literature

The impact of investor's attention on global stock market: statistical review of literature

Achievement of SDGS globally in biodiversity conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by using green energy and maintaining forest cover

The global partnership for sustainable development is well-positioned to combat climate change and its impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on climate, oceans, marine resources, forests, biodiversity, and land degradation. This study has assessed and evaluated the status of global forests and biodiversity, greenhouse emissions, and global energy perspectives, synthesizing track progress on goals 13 and 15 targets focusing on climate change trends, forest cover, and biodiversity status. Review and analysis of global forest resource and biodiversity assessment, GHG emission inventories, verification of CO2 measurement, statistical review of world energy and renewables contributions to reduction of GHG emissions, and applying quantitative data on environmental change to identify impact and implications showed that the targeted SDG goals are able to address the issues needed to build climate resilience: maintaining forests and biodiversity, achieving zero emissions, and adopting renewables. Forests, which cover 31% of the world's land surface, provide habitat, clean air and water, and help mitigate climate change. However, 13 million hectares are lost each year, resulting in the desertification of 3.6 billion hectares. The world's tree stock has decreased slightly due to a decrease in forest area, with 8% of 8,300 animal breeds extinct and 22% on the verge of extinction, highlighting the importance of sustainable ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. Global GHG emissions are expected to rise slightly in 2021 to 8 GtCO2e, comparable to or exceeding 2019 levels, and global temperatures could rise over 1.5°C by 2030. Human activities, including greenhouse gas emissions, contribute to global warming, with surface temperatures rising 1.1°C between 2011 and 2020. Mitigation policies expand, but warming may exceed 1.5°C by 2030. The world faces challenges in achieving climate change goals, necessitating increased ambition and implementation. Integrating climate action and sustainable development using renewable energy sources like bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, and wind is the most effective approach.

Численность обучающихся в системе высшего образования: статистический анализ данных по Республике Калмыкия на фоне общероссийских данных

Education is the most important indicator of the development of the country and its regions. The sustainability of regional development directly depends on the intellectual potential of the region. The purpose of the article, based on the analyzes of the statistical data on the number of students in the higher education system, is to consider the problems and trends in the development of higher education in the country as a whole and in the Republic of Kalmykia in particular. Materials and methods. The following materials were used when writing the article: statistical data from the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Federal State Statistics Service, statistical (analytical) reviews of the Institute of Statistical Research and Economics of knowledge of the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. The methods of system-structural and statistical data analysis were applied in the study. Results. Statistical data reflect the social and economic processes taking place in the society. The data reviewed on the number of higher education institutions, their forms of ownership, the number of students and their preferred forms of education showed that in recent years the country has been experiencing the process of increasing the state control in the field of higher education expressed in the reduction of the number of universities, especially private ones, as well as in the reduction of the number of their branches, etc. In Kalmykia, as well as in the country as a whole, the number of students decreased between 2018 and 2022. Also in the republic, as well as in the country, after the active growth of the number of non-governmental higher education institutions and their branches in the early 2000s, already in 2014–2015 their quantity decreased sharply. There is also a tendency in the region to reduce the number of full-time students while increasing the number of part-time students. At the same time, the number of students studying by correspondence throughout the country is decreasing. Statistics have shown that the number of correspondence students is growing at the expense of students from the neighboring regions that can be explained by the low cost of the tuition.

A systemic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adult clients in Ethiopia.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for premature mortality and excessive morbidity in the world. It is a growing public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. It is a silent killer. Information on the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors is to be considered vital to focus on early diagnosis and improve prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. However, on the prevalence and contributing factors of hypertension in Ethiopia, there is a dearth of information. Thus, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypertension and its contributing factors among Ethiopia's adult population. The main objective of this study was to provide pooled evidence on the prevalence of hypertension among the adult population in Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis were searched through MEDLINE/ Pub Med, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar by using different search terms on the prevalence of hypertension and Ethiopia. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used for critical appraisal of studies. The analysis was done using STATA 14 software. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were used to test the heterogeneity of studies. Egger's test was used to show the publication bias. The pooled prevalence of HDP and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval were presented using forest plots. A total of 22 studies with 14,202 participants were included in this review and the overall estimated prevalence of hypertension among the adult population in Ethiopia was 28.02% (95% CI (23.89%, 32.15%). Age 4.37(2.71, 6.04), sex (AOR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.00-4.09), family history of hypertension (AOR=3.05, 95% CI, 1.89, 4.21), inactive physical exercise (AOR=2.67, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.97), being obese (AOR=3.94, 95CI:2.83, 5.06), khat chewing (AOR=3.73, 95% CI: 2.65, 4.80), salt consumption (AOR=4.20, 95% CI: 1.55, 6.86) were significantly associated factors. Subgroup meta-analysis done by region showed that a higher in Tigray region 52.19(46.54, 57.66), and the lower was observed in Harare region1 2.71 (9.54, 15.87). The prevalence of hypertension among the adult population in Ethiopia is high. Healthcare professionals and other stakeholders should give attention to the early detection of hypertension in Ethiopia to reduce the burden of the disorder.

Возможности транспортировки арктической нефти на НПЗ Республики Башкортостан

Communications play an important role in the economic development of states and regions, in the development of new markets by connecting distributed areas of economic activity. The modern sanction economy is characterised by the change of economic partners and, accordingly, communication direc-tions. Thus, the vector of Arctic oil exports is shifting to the Asia-Pacific region, which increases the role of maritime communications for its transport. At the same time, from a practical point of view, it can be as-sumed that Arctic oil can become one of the resources of domestic refineries. The aim of the study was to consider the possibilities of providing the oldest oil refining complex of the Republic of Bashkortostan with Arctic oil and to build a basic scheme of spatial organisation of communications linking the economic space of Russia. Achievement of the set goal required the solution of the following tasks: to determine the role of Russia in the world oil exports on the basis of “bp Statistical Review of World Energy”; to conduct a comprehensive analysis of studies of domestic scientists on the issues of oil production, sales and refining, as well as promising Arctic offshore projects; and to consider the features of the oil refining industry of Russia and, in particular, the Republic of Bashkortostan. As a result of the research, the conclusions about the prospectivity of Arctic oil production and about the possibilities of its delivery to the refineries of the Republic of Bashkortostan have been obtained; for these purposes, a principal scheme of spatial organisation of communications linking oil deliveries from Arctic offshore fields to refineries in Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan has been developed.

Expansion of Communication Contact Between the State, Business and Society in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Main problem: digital transformation of Kazakhstan’s society leads to emergence of new communication business models, including the so-called proactive data-based service, which implies expansion of communication contact between the state, business and society. Digital transformation of economic sectors and the service sector has objectively caused discussion of issues related to various aspects of its implementation. These include digitalization of society spheres within framework of public administration [1], problems of interaction between business and government [2], mechanisms of interaction between subjects in the private-public partnership model of government and business [3], description of communication models of business types, government and public sector [4], history of emergence of electronic trade, its forms and types of goods delivery to a consumer [5], organizational and managerial relations and processes arising in enterprises, working in field of online marketing and e-commerce [6]. In Kazakhstan, digitalization of spheres and the economy sectors is one of strategic priorities of its development. Use of information and communication technologies in the service sector creates additional impulses to its dynamics, therefore, has impact on improving population’s life quality. In this regard, it is necessary to identify trends and patterns of communication interaction between the state, business and society, to consider and clarify their content. The purpose: the research of state and trends in the development of Kazakhstan service sector under the influence of digital solutions and expansion of communicative contact between the state, business and society. Methods: the performed analysis in the research is based on the materials of the statistical reviews and their analysis using the methods of grouping, generalization, logical analysis, system description and interpretation. Results and their value: a range of the key problems of communication interaction between the state, business and society is investigated and determined. Recommendations are proposed to accelerate the development of e-commerce in Kazakhstan as a tool for communication interaction between business and society and improving population’s life quality.

Burden and predictors of heart failure treatment outcomes in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Heart failure is an important global health problem which is associated with high mortality. Uncontrolled heart failure leads to hospitalization and reduction in quality of life. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the treatment outcome such as improved, death, hospitalization, and self-discharges without improvement and associated factors in heart failure patients admitted to south western Ethiopian hospitals. We will use databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, HINARI, Scopus and Google Scholar. The final systematic review and meta-analysis will contain papers that fulfill the eligible criteria. A systematic data extraction check list will be used to extract the data, and STATA version 14 will be used for the analysis. Heterogeneity is evaluated using the I2 tests and the Cochrane Q test statistic. To examine publication bias, a funnel plot, Egger's weighted regression, and Begg's test are utilized. The sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis will be done for studies having heterogeneity. The Joanna Briggs institute meta-analysis of statistics assessment and review instrument (JBI- MAStARI) will be used for quality assessment. This protocol is expected to provide adequate evidence on the burden of poor heart failure treatment outcome that includes self-discharge, developing complication and finally leads to death in acute and chronic heart failure patients in Ethiopia. Furthermore, to enrich our estimation, we also intended to assess the associated factors of poor treatment outcome. Therefore, our review will call for government and non-government interventions in reducing the mortality associated with heart failure.

Pediatric Firearm Violence in America

We have a firearm public health crisis in the United States, with firearm injuries being the leading cause of death in children. The state of pediatric firearm violence will be summarized through a synopsis of an expert panel of pediatric-focused advanced practice registered nurses. A review of related statistics, policy initiatives, programs, screening tools, and resources to support providers to intervene with patients, parents, and caregivers is summarized. Strategies to identify and intervene with all youth and families are described. All pediatric providers must take action against pediatric firearm violence and work to develop care strategies and health policy changes to combat this growing epidemic.

Tuberculosis infection control practice and associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The poor practice of tuberculosis infection control may increase the risk of transmission of tuberculosis in healthcare settings. Thus, this study aimed to determine the pooled magnitude of good tuberculosis infection control practice and associated factors among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist guideline was followed for this review and meta-analysis. The electronic databases (Pub Med, Cochrane Library, Google scholar and grey literatures) were searched to retrieve articles by using keywords. The Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the quality of studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. The meta-analysis with a 95% confidence interval using STATA 17 software was computed to present the pooled practice and odds ratio of the determinant factors. Publication bias was assessed visually by inspecting the funnel plot asymmetry and using statistical tests using the eggers and begs test. Results Seven studies were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 3256 health workers. The overall pooled magnitude of good tuberculosis infection control practice was 46.44% (95% CI: 34.21%, 58.67%). In subgroup analysis, the highest practice was in Addis Ababa 51.40% (95% CI: 47.40, 55.40%) and the lowest prevalence of tuberculosis infection control practice was in Amhara region 40.24% (95% CI: 15.46, 65.02%). Working in TB clinics (AOR; 7.42, 95% CI: 3.89, 14.13) and good TB related knowledge (AOR; 4.40, 95% CI: 1.76, 10.97) were the significant predictors of good TB infection control practice. Conclusions Only less than half of the health care workers had good practice of TB infection control. Working in TB clinics and having good TB related knowledge were statistically significant predictors of TB infection control practice. Periodic shifting of health care workers to work in TB clinics and an emphasis on TB infection control related skill based training was recommended to increase the TB infection control practice.

Research on the Prevention and Response of Goodwill Impairment Auditing Risk Based on the Audit Case of Zeus Entertainment

The impact of goodwill on financial statements has attracted attention from all walks of life. The huge impairment of goodwill in A-shares at the end of 2018 made goodwill once again the focus of discussion and research. The uncertainty of accounting estimates for the subsequent measurement of goodwill and the complexity of the impairment testing process have long brought greater difficulties to financial accounting and CPA auditing. This article selects the audit reports of A-share listed companies as a sample, and analyzes the main audit response measures for goodwill impairment matters listed in the key audit matters to understand the status of goodwill impairment audits by CPAs. Based on the statistical analysis results and the summary of relevant administrative regulatory measures of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the main risk points of the current goodwill impairment audit inspection risks were summarized according to the audit business stages. Thirdly, this article selects representative audit cases of listed companies in the media industry for case analysis. After comprehensively elaborating on the goodwill formation and subsequent measurement process of the case company, this article conducts an in-depth analysis of the main audit measures taken by certified public accountants on the company's goodwill impairment matters, and analyzes the project's goodwill impairment based on the goodwill impairment audit risk model. Value audit risks are analyzed and problems that may lead to inspection risks are summarized. The conclusions drawn based on statistical analysis and literature review were verified, and the causes of the problems were analyzed based on the case background. Finally, this article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for preventing and responding to goodwill impairment audit risks from both short-term and long-term aspects.

Analisis Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Konstruksi selama PSBB-PPKM era COVID-19 di Indonesia

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent of financial distress experienced by construction companies during the implementation of the PSBB-PPKM policy in the COVID-19 era during 2020-2022. Methodology/approach: This research methodology uses descriptive statistical analysis and review studies in a quantitative approach. The data used is secondary data sourced from the financial statements of construction companies that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, then processed and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel application. Result/findings: During the implementation of the PSBB-PPKM policy, there were 31 samples of construction companies detected as financial distress, 12 and 20 samples of companies detected as grey area and safe zone. Financial distress companies occur because they have poor profitability ratios and the largest solvency ratios among other groups, gray area companies occur because they have large solvency ratios and poor profitability ratios, and safe zone companies occur because they have high liquidity and profitability ratios, and the smallest solvency ratios among other group companies. Limitation: The limitations of this study are the lack of consistent research analysis directions in previous journals, and not all sample company financial statements provide specific explanations of the development of account items in their financial statements. Contribution: This research can contribute as one of the main references of stakeholders to make decisions that can avoid losses in the current financial situation of construction companies in Indonesia in the future.