Review Of Several Articles Research Articles

Minor Salivary Gland Neoplasm in Children

In this article, we present a review of the literature, and we focus on 2 particular cases of cancer of the salivary glands accessory in pediatric patients The accessory parotid is the site of congenital and acquired lesions. In adults, the acquired lesions are often neoplastic and are usually similar to those seen in the main parotid gland. The disorders in children are less well defined, as only a few cases have been reported.The accessory parotid gland, or accessory parotid, is a nodule of normal salivary tissue separated from the main parotid gland, located on the masseter muscle, to which it is bound by an extension of the masseteric fascia and connected to the Stensen duct at that level. In contrast to the extensive literature on acquired lesions of the accessory parotid in adults, very few cases of malignant or benign lesions of the accessory parotid in children could be found in the literature. A review of several articles reporting lesions of the accessory parotid in adult patients, reporting 3 or more cases each for a total of 71 patients, showed 24 malignant neoplasms, 39 benign neoplasms, and 8 nonneoplastic lesions. Lesions of the accessory parotid are quite rare in children but should be considered when facing mass located in the cheek.

Interstitial Lung Diseases: Respiratory Review of 2013

Interstitial lung diseases are heterogeneous entities with diverse clinical presentations. Among them, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease are specific categories that pulmonologists are most likely to encounter in the clinical field. Despite the accumulated data from extensive clinical trial and observations, we continue to have many issues which need to be resolved in this field. In this update, we present the review of several articles regarding the clinical presentation, prognosis and treatment of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease.

Review of Positivism in psychology: Historical and contemporary problems.

This series of articles, edited by Tolman in Recent Research in Psychology, had its origins in earlier discussions by the Western Canadian Theoretical Psychology Group of CPA. The 12 articles together address the general problem of the continual impact of positivism and its permutations on the way we psychologists think about our discipline and conduct research. Individually, the chapters of this volume reflect diverse and specific themes, which are framed within their own historical scope.Although the title might initially dissuade those not theoretically inclined to venture a reading, there are two outstanding reasons why this collection of articles is valuable to the psychology community at large. The general reader here has the opportunity to examine the historical background which has shaped psychology as a discipline, and to be educated in the basic vocabulary which characterizes the positivist approach in psychology. This tutelage were taken seriously, researchers would find cause to reflect on the methodologies which drive their own research, as well as that of psychology in general. On the other hand, there is enough specificity in the chapters to engage theoretical psychologists who are well versed in psychology's legacy from scientific empiricism, and who are already in a position to comment on the past and future impact of this legacy.The articles seem to comprise three sections. In the first section, core problems with psychology's embrace of positivism are discussed. Baker lays the groundwork in the first chapter by describing the primary postulate of positivism as the idea of an objective reality driven by a mechanistic model. For psychology, the result has been to strip the person from psychology. The human subject here becomes a set of variables in an experimental situation controlled by an omniscient investigator.The impact of this scenario is expanded in two following chapters. Stam speaks of the unspoken of positivism which comprises psychology's hypotheticodeductive focus, experimental methods, and statistical analyses. Evidence of this implicit grammar is garnered in Stam's review of several articles in one issue of Psychological Review, all of which depend on this grammar to meet the basic publishing criteria. It is a sobering thought that widespread acceptance of this grammar has insulated researchers from the theoretical aspects of their own work. Kuiken, Wild, and Schopflocher suggest that the empiricist and positivist positions have actively discounted studies which seek to describe, or classify, naturally occurring phenomena. The rhetoric of causal induction and operational definitions permeates psychological research, and has discouraged psychologists from engaging in classificatory research strategies. Any researcher who has grappled personally with inductive methods will appreciate the significance of the insights of this chapter.Several articles evaluate specific applications of positivism or its variants. Tolman, for example, examines the implications of neopositivism for perception theory. Mills traces the historical development of operational definitions, and by doing so, he also elaborates the principle of arithromorphizing of data which has become part of the grammar of measurement in psychology. The legacy of operationalism is reviewed by Rogers in his discussion of testing. When the chapters by Mills and Rogers are viewed together, the reader is forced to evaluate why pre - determination of measures, although problematic from a theoretical stance, continues to cloud psychology's view of alternative methodologies. …

INTERLENDING AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY: A REVIEW OF RECENT LITERATURE: IX

This review looks firstly at a set of recent articles that examine basic concepts of interlending in particular and resource sharing in general. Some authors are supportive of resource sharing and interlending, while others question its validity, demanding better examination of its benefits or better local provision. A very forthright paper concentrates on access, whilst another foresees greater user involvement in interlending. New technological developments are reported in a review of several articles on the successes and failures of telefacsimile transmission, ending with a brief mention of a new development — CD—hypenROMs. The European Communities' Docolsys proposal is reported, and a series of contrasting articles on interlending and union catalogues in the USSR is discussed. Recent developments in Canada are briefly reported, and the review ends with a consideration of a paper on humanities interlending requests surveyed by a Spanish research institute.

Primary neurogenic tumors of the lung and interlobar fissures; a review of clinical and radiologic findings in reported cases with addition of two new cases.

Neurogenic tumors of the lung and interlobar fissures are rare. In a review of the literature the authors could find only 8 complete case reports (3, 4, 7, 13, 14, 17). Seven additional cases with incomplete protocols were also found (2,3, 6, 8, 11, 13). The 2 additional examples to be reported here bring the number to 17. A review of several articles reporting a total of 317 isolated pulmonary masses (1, 2, 6, 8, 12, 15, 16, 18) revealed only 3 neurogenic tumors, of which 1 was malignant (6) and 2 benign (2, 8). Pathology A detailed discussion of the pathology of neurogenic tumors is beyond the scope of this paper. Most authors classify them in two major groups: tumors of the sympathetic nervous system (ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and neuroblastoma) and tumors of nerve-sheath origin (neurilemmoma, neurofibroma, malignant schwannoma, neurofibrosarcoma) (3). The term “neurinoma” appears occasionally in the literature, supposedly denoting a pure nerve-cell origin with no nerve-sheath elements. Many authors do not include this term in classifications of neurogenic tumors, since practically all of these are of nerve-sheath origin, and neurofibroma is a more applicable designation (3). Benign and malignant variants are present in both groups of neurogenic tumors. It is frequently impossible to differentiate by radiologic or clinical means the benign from the malignant neurogenic tumor. In Kent's series (9), 37 per cent of the tumors were malignant. The following neurogenic tumors have been reported in the literature: 1. Benign neurogenic tumors, arising within lung tissue, 10 cases (2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 13, 14, 17). We add 2 cases. 2. Benign neurogenic tumors arising in the interlobar fissure, 2 cases (3, 4). 3. Malignant neurogenic tumors arising within lung tissue, 3 cases (6, 7, 11). Anatomic Location of Reported Neurogenic Tumors of Lung Of the 9 solitary neurogenic tumors of the lung, 2 were reported as being within the interlobar fissures (3, 4). Of the remaining 7 cases (including the authors'), the tumor was in the right upper lobe in 2 instances (13; Case I, below), in the right middle lobe in 2 instances (5, 7), in the right lower lobe in 2 instances (17; Case II, below), and in the left upper lobe once (7). Tumors were multiple and bilateral in 1 case (14). Clinical Manifestations Of the 10 patients (including the authors') for whom complete case protocols are available, 7 had no clinical manifestations referable to the pulmonary mass. Hemoptysis, left chest pain, dyspnea, and asthmatic attacks were present in 1 case of multiple neurofibromata of the lungs described by Rubin and Aronson (14). In 1 case of primary neurogenic sarcoma of the lung reported by Diveley and Daniel (7), in a forty-eight-year-old white male, the clinical course was suggestive of carcinoma of the lung (45 pounds weight loss, pneumonia-like attacks, fever, productive cough).