Present Review Research Articles

A narrative review of psychopathy research: current advances and the argument for a qualitative approach

ABSTRACT Psychopathy has interested researchers since its conceptualization by Cleckley in 1941. This interest has come almost exclusively in the form of quantitative inquiries. Quantitative studies have provided valuable insights into the etiology, heterogeneity, and treatment of the disorder. At the same time, rich phenomenological descriptions of psychopathy have a role to play in the field since they can inform the development of variant-specific assessment instruments, as well as the development or tailoring of psychological interventions. Qualitative methods offer distinct advantages, since their flexibility and explorative nature allow the capture of unanticipated, novel, or nuanced psychopathy aspects, which can be overlooked when using pre-set hypotheses and structured measures. In light of these considerations, the present narrative review aims to (a) provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in psychopathy research, by combining insights from both quantitative and qualitative studies and (b) draw attention to the need for a qualitative approach in the field. It dives into conceptualization, etiology, youth psychopathy and temporal stability of psychopathic traits, the distinction between variants (primary versus secondary), and treatment, before reviewing qualitative studies and formulating an argument in favor of exploring the lived experience of psychopathy. The most recent developments in the field are also examined, including the first contemporary theory on secondary psychopathy etiology and the first-ever treatment studies exploring differential outcomes between variants.

Research progress in diagnosis and treatment of psychogenic pseudosyncope in children.

Psychogenic pseudosyncope is one of the primary causes of transient loss of consciousness in children and adolescents, essentially classified as a conversion disorder that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Clinically, psychogenic pseudosyncope shares certain similarities with vasovagal syncope in terms of pre-syncope symptoms and triggers, making it sometimes difficult to differentiate and easily misdiagnosed. Therefore, placing emphasis upon the characteristics of psychogenic pseudosyncope is crucial for early identification and treatment, which holds significant importance for the mental and psychological health of children and adolescents. In the present review, we aimed to address psychogenic pseudosyncope with clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.

A review on amino acids as proxies for organic matter degradation in aquatic ecosystems: implications for nutrient cycling, climate change, and ecosystem management.

The fate and degradation of organic matter in aquatic systems is a vital link in nutrient cycling and sedimentation processes influenced by exogenous and endogenous factors, such as inputs from upstream sources, sediment suspension, and the decomposition of aquatic organisms. The interplay of organic carbon, microbes, and environmental factors shapes the distribution and degradation of organic matter. Characterizing the source distribution of sedimentary organic matter in aquatic systems using novel proxies can unravel new insights into the mechanisms that control its dispersal, preservation and fate, which is essential to understanding the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Therefore, the present review critically investigated amino acids as crucial markers for assessing the degradation status in lacustrine and marine sediments and highlighted the pivotal function of biotic and abiotic determinants that influence the mineralization of organic matter. The review thoroughly discussed studies on the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of amino acids and their bio-refractory nature to overcome the challenges in evaluating sediment organic matter degradation in aquatic systems. Recognizing the paramount impact of climate change on aquatic ecosystems, the review further elucidated how integrating amino acid-based data into climate models is essential for predicting complex interplay between degradation processes and evolving environmental dynamics. Finally, the specific needs for further research and recommendations for developing efficient and sustainable strategies to study organic matter degradation were highlighted. The present review will deliver fresh inferences to researchers, ecologists, and policymakers for a better understanding of source distribution and degradation status of organic matter for evidence-based conservation and management strategies.

Central Nervous System Response Against Ionizing Radiation Exposure: Cellular, Biochemical, and Molecular Perspectives.

Gamma radiation is known to induce several detrimental effects on the nervous system. The hippocampus region, specifically the dentate gyrus (DG) and subventricular zone (SVZ), have been identified as a radiation-sensitive neurogenic niche. Radiation alters the endogenous redox status of neural stem cells (NSCs) and other proliferative cells, especially in the hippocampus region, leading to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cell death. Planned (i.e., radiotherapy of brain tumor patients) or unplanned radiation exposure (i.e., accidental radiation exposure) can induce nonspecific damage to neuronal tissues, resulting in chronic or acute radiation syndrome. Although anatomical alterations in the neuronal tissues have been reported at higher doses of gamma radiation, biochemical and molecular perturbations may be evident even at much lower radiation doses. They may manifest in the form of neuronal deficits and cognitive impairment. In the present review, several molecular events and signaling pathways, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, cognition, neuroplasticity, and neurotoxicity induced in neuronal cells upon ionizing radiation exposure, are reviewed. Furthermore, brain-specific radioprotectors and mitigators that protect normal neuronal cells and tissues against ionizing radiation during radiotherapy of cancer patients or nuclear emergencies are also discussed.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Review of Multi-omics Analyses.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome(PCOS) is among the most prevalent endocrinological abnormalities of young females, posing a grave public health challenge to the society. The objective of the present literature review is to analyze the enormous amount of information available by way of numerous multi-omic studies, and to explore a meaningful relationship between various factors such as genetic, proteomic, environmental etc. to understand the multifactorial metabolic disorder in a proper manner. Detailed literature search was done in various science article repositories and biomedical databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, BioMed Central, Embase etc. by using several keywords in whole gamut of combinations. PCOS is a heritable disease. It manifests as a result of a combination of several intricately inter-linked symptoms such as anovulation, obesity, type II diabetes, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries etc., the last one being the main manifestation of the disease, thus leading to infertility among several other complications. Such a multifactorial metabolic disorder with extreme symptomatic heterogeneity cannot be fully explained solely based on symptoms or genetic variations; thus, giving some space of thought to other factors such as epigenetic, microbiomic factors etc. playing a role in the causation of the disease. The present scientific survey of literature extensively reviews various aspects of PCOS by critically looking into the vast multi-omic data, and concluded with suggesting treatment options as well as lifestyle changes required to deal with the psychological/ emotional impacts of the condition on affected women.

Antioxidative Function of Zinc and Its Protection Against the Onset and Progression of Kidney Disease Due to Cadmium

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now the world’s top seventh cause of death from a non-communicable disease, and its incidence is projected to increase further as its major risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), continue to rise. Current evidence has linked the increased prevalence of CKD, diabetes, hypertension, and NAFLD to chronic exposure to the metal pollutant cadmium (Cd). Exposure to Cd is widespread because diet is the main exposure route for most people. Notably, however, the health risk of dietary Cd exposure is underappreciated, and the existing tolerable exposure guidelines for Cd do not afford health protection. New health-protective exposure guidelines are needed. From one’s diet, Cd is absorbed by the intestinal epithelium from where it passes through the liver and accumulates within the kidney tubular epithelial cells. Here, it is bound to metallothionine (MT), and as it is gradually released, it induces tubular damage, tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and nephron destruction. The present review provides an update on our knowledge of the exposure levels of Cd that are found to be associated with CKD, NAFLD, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. It discusses the co-existence of hypertension and CKD in people environmentally exposed to Cd. It highlights nuclear and mitochondrial targeting and zinc deficiency as the universal cytotoxic mechanisms of Cd. Special emphasis is placed on the novel antioxidative function of zinc involving de novo heme biosynthesis and the induced expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Other exogenous biomolecules with promising anti-Cd toxicity are highlighted.

Nutritional and functional outcomes in trials of nutrient-stimulated hormone-based therapy-A systematic mapping review.

Currently, trials are investigating the efficacy of nutrient-stimulated hormone-based therapies (NuSHs) in promoting weight loss in people living with overweight and obesity. However, the extent to which nutritional and functional outcomes are evaluated remains uncertain. Thus, we conducted a systematic mapping to assess the presence of nutritional and functional outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating NuSHs. We conducted a systematic mapping search on the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), which includes ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for interventional trials of NuSHs registered from inception to December 31, 2023. We excluded non- and quasi-randomized trials, phase I trials, trials that did not include body weight as a primary or secondary outcome, trials with an intervention duration of less than 6months, and trials that did not specify a body mass index threshold in their eligibility criteria. Outcomes included: dietary intake, eating behavior, body composition, physical performance, muscle strength, bone health, and levels of vitamins, trace elements, albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin. The search identified 2284 trials, of which 417 were included in the analysis. The proportion of RCTs that included nutritional assessment other than body weight increased over time. Approximately, 20.4% reported measurements of body composition, 17.3% reported measurements of albumin/prealbumin/hemoglobin, and 17% reported assessment of dietary intake and eating behavior. Evaluations of bone health, physical performance, muscle strength, and measurements of vitamins/trace elements were reported in less than 5% of the total trials each. The present review has shown the sparse reporting of nutritional and functional outcomes in RCTs evaluating the impact of NuSHs.

Stress regulatory hormones and cancer: the contribution of epinephrine and cancer therapeutic value of beta blockers.

The word "cancer" evokes myriad emotions, ranging from fear and despair to hope and determination. Cancer is aptly defined as a complex and multifaceted group of diseases that has unapologetically led to the loss of countless lives and affected innumerable families across the globe. The battle with cancer is not only a physical battle, but also an emotional, as well as a psychological skirmish for patients and for their loved ones. Cancer has been a part of our history, stories, and lives for centuries and has challenged the ingenuity of health and medical science, and the resilience of the human spirit. From the early days of surgery and radiation therapy to cutting-edge developments in chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy, and targeted treatments, the medical field continues to make significant headway in the fight against cancer. However, even after all these advancements, cancer is still among the leading cause of death globally. This urges us to understand the central hallmarks of neoplastic cells to identify novel molecular targets for the development of promising therapeutic approaches. Growing research suggests that stress mediators, including epinephrine, play a critical role in the development and progression of cancer by inducing neoplastic features through activating adrenergic receptors, particularly β-adrenoreceptors. Further, our experimental data has also shown that epinephrine mediates the growth of T-cell lymphoma by inducing proliferation, glycolysis, and apoptosis evasion via altering the expression levels of key regulators of these vital cellular processes. The beauty of receptor-based therapy lies in its precision and higher therapeutic value. Interestingly, the enhanced expression of β-adrenergic receptors (ADRBs), namely ADRB2 (β2-adrenoreceptor) and ADRB3 (β3-adrenoreceptor) has been noted in many cancers, such as breast, colon, gastric, pancreatic, and prostate and has been reported to play a pivotal role in facilitating cancer growth mainly by promoting proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and chemoresistance. The present review article is an attempt to summarize the available findings which indicate a distinct relationship between stress hormones and cancer, with a special emphasis on epinephrine, considered as a key stress regulatory molecule. This article also discusses the possibility of using beta-blockers for cancer therapy.

Unraveling the Mystery: COVID-19 and Diabetic Complications - A Journey from Pathophysiology to Treatment.

The connection between COVID-19 and DM unveils a multifaceted interplay that significantly impacts disease severity and management strategies. Initial studies reveal that people with DM had higher severity rates of COVID-19 due to the infection by SARS-CoV-2. The virus solely induces hyperglycemia and, at the same time, profoundly influences the immune and inflammatory reactions, increasing the rate of severe complications and death among diabetes patients. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms behind this interplay is critical for effective treatment. Furthermore, COVID-19 also brings new factors to the equation of managing diabetes. Although the virus thoroughly relies on the ACE2 receptor for viral entry, DPP4 is a substitute receptor. However, glucose-lowering DPP4 inhibitors provide only a minor association with COVID-19 vulnerability. Also, the SGLT2 inhibitors are contraindicated in certain conditions with COVID-19, and hence, insulin is generally recommended as a first-line treatment for acute glycemic control in hospitalized or critically ill COVID-19 patients, particularly those with severe hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis. COVID-19-associated aggravating factors, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and neuropathy, predispose people with diabetes to severe conditions. Thus, it is important to explore this speculation, and the present review aims to understand this complex interaction during patient care models and specify the therapeutic approaches to address this problematic convergence of two substantial health concerns.

Unveiling the therapeutic journey of snail mucus in diabetic wound care.

A diabetic wound (DW) is an alteration in the highly orchestrated physiological sequence of wound healing especially, the inflammatory phase. These alterations result in the generation of oxidative stress and inflammation at the injury site. This further leads to the impairment in the angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization. Additionally, in DW there is the presence of microbial load which makes the wound worse and impedes the wound healing cycle. There are several treatment strategies which have been employed by the researchers to mitigate the aforementioned challenges. However, they failed to address the multifactorial pathogenic nature of the disease. Looking at the severity of the disease researchers have explored snail mucus and its components such as achacin, allantoin, elastin, collagen, and glycosaminoglycan due to its multiple therapeutic potentials; however, glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) is very important among all because they accelerate the wound-healing process by promoting reepithelialization, vascularization, granulation, and angiogenesis at the site of injury. Despite its varied applications, the field of snail mucus in wound healing is still underexplored. The present review aims to highlight the role of snail mucus in diabetic wound healing, the advantages of snail mucus over conventional treatments, the therapeutic potential of snail mucus, and the application of snail mucus in DW. Additionally, clinical trials, patents, structural variations, and advancements in snail mucus characterization have been covered in the article.

Microplastics influencing aquatic environment and human health: A review of source, determination, distribution, removal, degradation, management strategy and future perspective.

Microplastics (MPs) are produced from various primary and secondary sources and pose multifaceted environmental problems. They are of non-biodegradable nature and may stay in aquatic environments for a long time period. The present review has covered novel aspects pertaining to MPs that were not covered in earlier studies. It has been observed that several methods are being employed for samples collection, extraction and identification of MPs and polymer types using various equipment, chemicals and instrumental techniques. Aquatic species mistakenly ingest MPs, considering them prey and through food-chain, and then suffer from various metabolic disorders. The consumption of seafood and fish may consequently cause health implications in humans. Certain plasticizers are added during manufacturing to provide colour, durability, flexibility, and strength to plastics, but they leach out during usage, storage, and transport, as well as after entering the bodies of aquatic species and human beings. The leached chemicals (bisphenol-A, triclosan, phthalates, etc.) act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which effect on homeostasis; thereby causing neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, reproductive problems, adverse behaviour and autism. Negative influence of MPs on carbon sequestration potential of water bodies is also observed, however more studies are required to understand it with a detail mechanism under natural conditions. The wastewater treatment plants are found to remove a large amount of MPs, but in turn, also act as significant sources of their release in sludge and effluents. Further, it is covered that how advanced oxidation processes, thermal- and photo-oxidation, fungi, algae and microbes degrade the plastics and increase their numbers in the surrounding environment. The management strategy comprising recovery of energy and other valuable by-products from plastic wastes, recycling and regulatory framework; are also described in detail. The future perspectives can be of paramount importance to control MPs generation and their abundance in the aquatic and other types of environments. The studies in future need to focus on advanced filtration techniques, advanced oxidation processes, energy recovery from plastic wastes and influences of MPs on carbon sequestration in aquatic environment and human health.

Modern Approaches for Asymmetric Construction of CF3‐All Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters from Prochiral Trifluoromethyl Alkenes

At present, the research of organofluorine chemistry is a leading and rapidly emerging area of life sciences. Organofluorine molecules have drawn much attention by displaying a wide variety of applications in agrochemicals, medicines, fire extinguishers, and blowing agents. In the present review, the great advances made in the last decade for the asymmetric construction of quaternary stereocenters bearing trifluoromethyl group from the corresponding prochiral‐trifluoromethylated substrates are discussed. A variety of catalytic frameworks have been designed in this field for asymmetric induction. The main prochiral‐trifluoromethyl substrates chosen for this review are β‐CF3‐β‐substituted nitro alkenes and α, β‐ unsaturated trifluoromethyl ketones. Moreover, this review describes the further utilization of obtained CF3‐quaternary centres to access the important organofluorine molecules.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors for children with xeroderma pigmentosum and advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A case presentation and brief review

SummaryPatients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) frequently develop skin cancers early in life, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The median age of death is 32 years and 60% of XP patients die before the age of 20 years. cSCC in patients with XP exhibits an exceptionally high mutation burden, suggesting a favorable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We present the case of a 7‐year‐old boy with XP and a large facial cSCC complicated by cervical lymph node metastases. Following a tumor board recommendation, systemic immunotherapy with cemiplimab was initiated. Following therapy, the tumors rapidly and completely regressed. To date, only 10 XP patients worldwide have been reported to receive ICIs for inoperable and/or advanced cSCC, with all cases demonstrating tumor regression under ICI treatment. Among these, three were pediatric cases with XP‐C (one 7‐year‐old and two 6‐year‐old children), one of whom had sarcomatoid cSCC. Incidence and nature of adverse events in XP patients were comparable to those observed in the general population. In line with the previously reported ICI‐treated XP children, the present case confirms that anti‐PD‐1 inhibitors are highly effective in children with XP and advanced cSCC.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gas-Phase Studies of Spin-Spin Couplings in Molecules

This paper overviews gas phase experiments with respect to one fundamental part of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Indirect spin-spin coupling is an important parameter of NMR spectra and is observed as the splitting of spectral signals. A molecule containing two different magnetic nuclei (e.g., hydrogen HD, HT, or DT) exhibits this interaction in an external magnetic field measured as the spin-spin coupling parameter, nJ(NN′). Modern quantum chemical methods allow the precise calculation of spin-spin coupling, but it is never easy because nJ(NN′) is modified by temperature and intermolecular interactions. Accurate calculations can be performed only for small isolated molecules. NMR spectroscopy can deliver measurements of spin-spin couplings for isolated molecules if nJ(NN′) parameters are observed in the gas phase as a function of density. The extrapolation of such measurements to the zero-density limit permits nJ0(NN′) determination free from intermolecular interactions. The latter technique can also be applied to liquid vapors in molecules like acetonitrile or water. Spin-spin couplings across one chemical bond (1J0(NN′)) are the largest and most important for theoretical modeling. The present review reports numerous 1J0(NN′) parameters recently measured by multinuclear NMR spectra of gaseous samples.

A Review on Vitiligo A Autoimmune Disorder and its Herbal Treatment

This review gives current knowledge on the vitiligo is autoimmune disorder. Vitiligo is a single - blind clinical trial. It's is a acquired degimentation disorder in the vitiligo white molecule occur on the skin and cause significant psychological stress and stigmatization. Vitiligo can be triggered by stress to the melanin pigment producing cell of the skin . The prevalence of vitiligo in india has been invariably reported between 0.25 %and 4% of dermatology outpatient across studies from India and up to 88% in gujrat and Rajasthan. Most of the patient undergoes intermittent body purification. Patient were treated with Ayurvedic past vaman medication like Bakuchitia, Bakuchighanvati, khandiarishta . Hence the present review includes the detail exploration on the vitiligo and herbal plant which are used in treatment of vitiligo is an attempt to provide a direction for further research.

The Role of Adaptogenic Herbs in Combating Stress: A Review of Scientific Evidence

Adaptogens are bioactive compounds which allow the body to cope with stress, to be on homeostasis again. Its history dates back thousands of years, when Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine developed knowledge on adaptogenic compounds and functions, specifically on modulatory aspects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and of cortisol regulatory pathways. The present review explores the history and classification of adaptogens as well as the underlying mechanisms, including hormone modulation, neurobiological pathways, and antioxidant activity. Botanical examples are Withaniasomnifera and Rhodiolarosea, as well as some non-botanical adaptogens including fungi and nutraceuticals. Preclinical and clinical evidence is presented as proof of the efficacy of the substances in diminishing stress, augmenting cognitive ability, and promoting physical endurance. Discussions on modern trends of formulations like teas, capsules, and functional foods in relation to practical uses regarding stress management and maintenance of psychological well-being and avoidance of burnout will be covered. Although generally safe, adaptogen risks include high dose toxicity and inter-medication interactions. Current challenges include variability in standardization of preparations and limitations in understanding long-term effects and associated molecular mechanisms. This review draws attention to the potential therapeutic role of adaptogens in modern life, provides insights into their safe and effective use, and points out areas for further work. Specific practical recommendations are given for how to select and combine adaptogens tailored to individual stress profiles, thus paving the way for their further integration into health care and wellness practice.

Therapeutics of bitter plants from Northeast region of India and their pharmacological and phytochemical perspectives.

Natural resources have been used for food and medicine since the beginning of human civilization, and they have always been a low-cost, easily accessible source for individuals. Northeast region of India (NER) represents a significant portion of India's flora and fauna. Marginality, fragility, inaccessibility, ethnicity, and cultural diversity thrived in the region, resulting in the richest reservoir of genetic variation of bioresources. Several bitter plants are used by the locals as both food and medicine to treat a variety of diseases. These medicinal plants are an excellent source of chemically diverse biologically active phytometabolites. There have been few efforts to raise awareness about health benefits of bitter plant resources abound in this region that may provides opportunities for their sustainable utilization. Understanding the structural features of plant derived bitterants in relationship with specific bitter receptor will provide research prospects to identify biomolecules with health benefits. In this context the present review is intended to deliver phyto-pharmacological aspects of bitter plant resources of NER together with detailed understanding of possible association between plant derived phytometabolites as bitter agonists with extraoral bitter receptors.

Advances in cyclotide research: bioactivity to cyclotide-based therapeutics.

Cyclotides are a class of plant-derived cyclic peptides having a distinctive structure with a cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif. They are stable molecules that naturally play a role in plant defense. Till date, more than 750 cyclotides have been reported among diverse plant taxa belonging to Cucurbitaceae, Violaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, and Fabaceae. These native cyclotides exhibit several bioactivities, such as anti-bacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, pesticidal, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activities which have immense significance in agriculture and therapeutics. The general mode of action of cyclotides is related to their structure, where their hydrophobic face penetrates the cell membrane and disrupts it to exhibit anti-microbial, cytotoxic, or hemolytic activities. Thus, the structure-activity relationship is of significance in cyclotides. Further, owing to their, small size, stability, and potential to interact and cross the membrane barrier of cells, they make promising choices for developing peptide-based biologics. However, challenges, such as production complexity, pharmacokinetic limitations, and off-target effects hinder their development. Advancements in cyclotide engineering, such as peptide grafting, ligand conjugation, and nanocarrier integration, heterologous production along with computational design optimization, can help overcome these challenges. Given the potential of these cyclic peptides, the present review focuses on the diversity, bioactivities, and structure-activity relationships of cyclotides, andadvancements in cyclotides engineering emphasizing their unique attributes for diverse medical and biotechnological applications.

Anthrax: Transmission, Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment

Bacillus anthracis is a deadly pathogen that under unfavourable conditions forms highly resistant spores which enable them to survive for a long period of time. Spores of B. anthracis are transmitted through the contaminated soil or animal products and enter to the host through the skin, lungs or oral route and can cause cutaneous, injection, inhalation and gastrointestinal anthrax, respectively. The disease is caused by the toxin which is produced by them once they germinate within the host cell. Anthrax toxin is the major virulence factor which has the ability to kill the host cell. The role of protein kinases and phosphatases of B. anthracis in toxin production and other virulence related properties have also been reported. There are two vaccines, BioThrax and CYFENDUSTM, which are approved by the FDA-USA to prevent anthrax disease. Recently, anthrax toxin has also been shown to be a potential candidate for cancer therapeutics. Through present review, we aim to provide insights into sporulation, transmission and pathogenesis of B. anthracis as well as the current state of its prevention, treatment, vaccines and possible therapeutic uses in cancer.

Clinical efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy in dental implant stability and crestal bone loss in implants placed in healed sites: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on implant stability and crestal bone loss placed in healed sites. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA (The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Two investigators carried out the electronic search of Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Ebscohost for published literature from 2012 till March 2024. Handsearch for articles relevant to the topic was also carried out along with references. Only randomized controlled trials were included for systematic review. The assessment quality was done using the revised JBI checklist (Joanna Biggs Institute). After screening and eligibility assessment, Qualitative analysis was envisaged for 15 studies on implant stability and crestal bone loss, followed by quantitative analysis of 8 studies on implant stability and only 2 studies for crestal bone loss. Meta-analysis showed that overall implant stability was significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.00001). Crestal bone loss showed a significant difference after the therapy when observed after six months of implant placement (P = 0.03). Heterogeneity was high with the random effects model for implant stability, while it was acceptable for crestal bone loss. However, more studies with similar parameters concerning implant stability and PBM characteristics are required for further subgroup analysis and to reach conclusive results.