Review Of Foreign Publications Research Articles

Medical tourism: what worries a potential patient (review of foreign publications)

The article contains brief information about the situation with medical tourism in the world. The reasons for encouraging patients to seek medical help abroad are considered: the high price of a service at home, its long wait, legal barriers to obtaining a specif­ic service and others. The medical, legal and ethical risks accompanying receiving medical care abroad are described. The list of issues of concern to potential medical tourists is presented, among them: confirmed information about the medical organization and the special­ists working in it, information about services, language and visa support, etc.

Evaluation of Dimensional Characteristics of Conductive Pattern Elements of 3D-Printed Circuit Boards

Introduction. A review of foreign publications on 3D printing methods shows the possibility of their application for the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), while demonstrating the growth of interest in this field. One of the available methods is fused deposition modeling, which can be used to form substrates with channels for traces. At present, the minimum channel width comprises 100 µm, which corresponds to the 5th class of PCB accuracy. However, there is no data on how to obtain such dimensions or on the magnitude of their deviation from the given nominal values.Aim. To determine the influence of such factors as nozzle diameter and the number of contours on the dimensional characteristics of PCBs (linear dimensions; trace channel width; trace spacing; via diameters).Materials and methods. To obtain linear models, a full factorial experiment was carried out. The influence of the following materials was evaluated – polylactide (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and glass-filled ABS; slicers – Ultimaker Cura and PrusaSlicer; 3D printers – Picaso 3D Designer Classic 2016 and Hercules Strong 2017; brass nozzle with diameters ∅0.2 and ∅0.4 mm. The possibility of using brass nozzles coated with chemical nickel for printing with glass-filled filaments was considered. The study was conducted using the facilities of the "Center for Additive Technologies" of Bauman Moscow State Technical University.Results. The possibility of manufacturing PCBs up to the 2nd and 3rd accuracy classes using nozzles with a diameter of ∅0.4 and ∅0.2 mm, respectively, was shown. It was found that galvanic deposition of chemical nickel on a ∅0.2 mm brass nozzle makes it possible to increase the PCB wearability when printing with glass-filled filaments. Recommendations are proposed for selecting an optimal combination of nozzle diameter and the number of contours.Conclusion. The conducted analysis of mathematical models shows the significance of such parameters as nozzle diameter and the number of contours. The results can be used when creating new PCB layouts

КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ ТОКСОКАРОЗА ВЗРОСЛОГО С ОТЁКОМ ГОРТАНИ И АНГИООТЕКАМИ

Introduction. Toxocariasis is a parasitic disease caused by the migration of the larvae of canids roundworm (T. canis). It is characterized by a long-term relapsing course and multiple organ lesions of an immunological nature. The core pathogenetic factor is sensitizing the body by Toxocara exo- and endoantigens formed after the larvae are destructed, which leads to the development of immediate and delayed allergic reactions. The aim of study was to review the scientific literature on toxocariasis, and to present a clinical case report of cutaneous form of toxocariasis in a 36-year-old man complicated by angioedema. Material and Methods. Review of foreign publications on this helminthiasis in the PubMed databases. Clinical case of patient E., 36 years old, with the development of a complicated cutaneous form of toxocariasis of the angioedema type. Results and Discussion. During the instrumental and laboratory studies, antibodies to Toxocara canis were detected (titer in dynamics 1:6400 and 1:400) in the patient. Noteworthy was a severe allergic reaction, which manifested itself as itching maculopapular confluent rash resembling angioedema. A peculiarity of the course of the disease was the manifestation of rash and swelling of the larynx with each meal, which required calling emergency medical help. Laboratory testing of the patient’s blood did not show eosinophilia or any other deviations of the core blood parameters in the general blood test from the reference values. Conclusions. Toxocariasis often imitates the clinical manifestations of various diseases, such as ARVI, eye damage, neurological disorders (eosinophilic meningoencephalitis), enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes, liver and spleen, and allergic reactions in form of urticaria and angioedema, which causes difficulties diagnosing it correctly. Lack of physicians’ alertness regarding allergic reactions in adults accompanied by skin manifestations may lead to an incorrect etiological diagnosis. Thus, we remind clinicians that this helminthiasis may occur in adults in cutaneous form with the development of angioedema.

QRS-Fragmentation: Perspectives for Use in Clinical Practice

The current article provides a detail review of foreign publications, discussing the opportunities and the benefits of evaluation of the QRS-fragmentation (fQRS) a new electrocardiographic (ECG) parameter in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Diagnostic criteria for narrow and wide QRS-complexes are defined. Main results of the comparative and correlation analysis, evaluating fQRS and electrocardiographic (pathologic Q-waves), echocardiographic (left ventricular ejection fraction), angiographic settings are described. There is a discussion of the prognostic role of fQRS in stable CAD as well as in patients presented with acute myocardial infarction. fQRS is an available ECG-marker of local myocardial fibrosis. It seems to be a useful negative predictor in individuals with CAD, indicating an increased risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and recurrent cardiac events. The presence of fragmented QRS-complexes is associated with an increased in-hospital and long term (overall as well as cardiovascular) mortality. Routine evaluation of fQRS in standard ECG leads does not require additional resources, and will contribute to an improvement in diagnostics and risk stratification of stable CAD as well as myocardial infarction. Assessment of fQRS can be included in noninvasive diagnostic algorithm concerning CAD.

Оптимизация инструментов оценки состояния условий труда для малых и средних предприятий на основе расчета параметра эффективности

Often, the employers allocate funds for occupational safety on the residual principle without considering the real needs in creating safe working conditions for the employees. This is especially topical for the small and medium-sized enterprises, whose budget, as a rule, does not allow to allocate sufficient funds for occupational safety. The substantiation is given concerning the need to improve modern systems for assessing the state of working conditions by integrating the missing elements, which are part of similar systems, selected during the analysis of domestic and foreign studies. In the critical review of foreign publications in the field of assessing the state of working conditions, the tools developed over the past 15 years are considered. The lines of business are selected related to the improvement of system for assessing the state of working conditions at the small and medium-sized Russian enterprises. To determine the most optimal methods, an algorithm is proposed for selecting the tools to assess the state of working conditions based on determining the efficiency parameter corresponding to each tool. Modern Russian methods are assessed in a similar way. As a result of the study, two tools for assessing the state of working conditions that are most optimal for small and medium-sized enterprises are selected. The analysis showed that the first selected method allows to assess the state of the personnel working conditions, i.e., gives a subjective assessment. The second method serves for an objective study of the estimated parameters, as well as for assessing the level of occupational hazard. Combined use of both tools can become the basis for the formation of a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the state of working conditions at the small and medium-sized enterprises.

Cyberbullying and victimization: a review of foreign publications

The relevance of studying the aggression of children in cyberspace remains extremely high due to the ongoing intensification of digital communication, the development of social media and new formats of interaction, and the features of digital socialization of generation Z. In the course of a theoretical analysis of the works of foreign researchers, mainly of the last five years, devoted to the problem of bullying on the Internet, data from numerous surveys on the prevalence of the phenomenon in various countries are presented, the interpretation of the concept of "cyberbullying" adopted in the scientific community is discussed, its classifications and types are considered, as well as the most popular theoretical models of this destructive phenomenon, the prerequisites and predictors, the roles of communication participants and the peculiarities of their interaction in a virtual environment are highlighted. A review of modern studies made it possible to draw attention to the methods of collecting information used abroad, as well as to the relationship with the characteristics of the "dark triad of personality" and the parameters of the "Big Five" test. Analyzing destructive behavior in cyberspace, scientists associate it with an excessive degree of self-disclosure on social networks and the publication of too explicit, provocative content, increased use of psychoactive substances, low levels of friendly support, negative family environment and sexual violence. It was shown that a high degree of peer friendly support, warm relationships at school, and parental support are a protective factor against virtual bullying. Cyberbullying victimization affects the psychosomatic status of the victim, causing increased anxiety, anger, depression, sleep problems, theft, harm, and violation of social rules.

Наследственные нарушения соединительной ткани: тематический библиографический обзор зарубежных публикаций

Наследственные нарушения соединительной ткани: тематический библиографический обзор зарубежных публикаций

Application of laser radiation in urology

The authors present a review of foreign publications in 2010–2019 on laser light application in urology. The analyzed articles confirm its high efficiency, safety and competitiveness if to compare with traditional instruments in surgery of urological pathologies. The combinaiton of laser light and endoscope turned to be the most effective. Laser medical technologies are used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, urolithiasis, cicatricial lesions of the urinary tract, and urothelial tumors. There is a tendency in applying laser technologies more frequently in laparoscopic surgery.

Corporate worker health promotion programs — Review of foreign publications

Corporate worker health promotion programs — Review of foreign publications

Psychological interventions to reduce alcohol consumption recommended by modern clinical guidelines (review of foreign publications)

The article presents the data of theoretical analysis of modern approaches to solving the problem of alcohol abuse; it is stated that harmful alcohol consumption will remain a global problem in the future, given the current trends in health, culture and the market around the world. The need to introduce effective and cost-effective strategies and measures to prevent and reduce the harm associated with alcohol abuse in accordance with national priorities and contexts is substantiated. The main stages of treatment are identified, namely: diagnostic and motivational (includes physical examination, choice of treatment program, conclusion of a written therapeutic agreement), detoxification (pharmacological treatment of withdrawal, strengthening the patient's motivation for further treatment), treatment of addiction syndrome (individual / group psychotherapist), symptomatic therapy), medical and social rehabilitation (supportive psychotherapy, social work). The most appropriate and effective psychotherapeutic approaches recommended by modern clinical protocols for the treatment of alcohol dependence in developed countries, including: behavioral therapy for couples (BCT), brief psychological interventions (BPI), family counseling (BSFT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), contingency management (CM), motivational therapy / motivational interviewing (MT), psychodynamic psychotherapy (PT), 12-step psychotherapy (AA). It is confirmed that the integration of psychotherapeutic and pharmacological approaches is supported in clinical guidelines for the treatment of alcohol dependence. It is concluded that improving organizational approaches to anti-alcohol therapy through the use of advanced technologies with proven effectiveness — on the one hand, as well as expanding international cooperation and adequate policy decisions — on the other hand, will reduce alcohol consumption and its negative effects in our country.

Природоохоронні аспекти закриття шахт за кордоном

Since ancient times, the humanity has been involved into the exploration and production of minerals from the Earth’s crust. It is building materials, oil or precious metals. With the industry development, the extraction methods have changed - from quarries to mines and wells (e.g. for oil extractor by fountain manner, or extraction of drinking and industrial water). However, the environment concern has become actual only recently. Extracted careers were wasted and become artificial at ravines or were flooded and turned into lakes. Depleted mines collapsed and were flooded. The article aims at showing possible ways of solving ecological and hydrogeological problems that inevitably arise in the mining industry, as well as at the analyzing need for their implementation in the mining regions of Ukraine. This research is actual, because it considers the possibility to gain experience of the countries, which are more developed in this sphere. On the territory of mining regions of Ukraine (including Western Donbas) out-of-date nature protection methods are used and large, potentially useful (for example, for agriculture) territories are covered with mine dumps. Ponds-stores are exploited without a screening for the downthrow of mine waters of high mineralization. All this has a negative impact on the environment, hydrogeological terms and underwaters, therefore it is necessary to consider alternative methods that are used abroad. For the decision of problems arising as a result of out-of-date technologies, after the closure of mines there remain a great number of negative technogenic factors that must be properly removed by the effective complex of nature protection measures of hydrogeological focus. This article gives the review of foreign publications and submits certain examples of mine closure in the last years, together with the current plan of mine closure. According to the achieved results in solving of nature protection problems in foreign countries, it is possible to draw a conclusion, that similar measures can successfully be used for the mining regions of Ukraine, in particular on Western Donbas. One of the mentioned decisions is the imposition the responsibility for contaminated sites for a company-miner, rather than the state.

The development of the concept of ecosystem services: A review of foreign Publications

Foreign publications devoted to the problems of determination and valuation of ecosystem services and their practical application in planning economic activities are under review. This direction of studies is being rapidly developed. It was clearly shaped after the global Millennium Ecosystem Assessment performed in 2005 on the initiative of the United Nations. In the recent decade, this direction has got an official status; specialized journals have been founded; regular conferences and workshops have been conducted. The number of publications in this field has increased considerably. The contribution of soil scientists to the valuation of ecosystem services remains modest. It is argued that the assessment and valuation of the ecosystem services of soils is a promising direction for soil science. Ecosystem services are subdivided into the groups of provisional, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. The latter group is considered the natural basis ensuring the efficient performance of other ecosystem services with their direct or indirect impact on human well-being. The assessment of ecosystem services implies three major directions: ecological, economic (monetary), and social. For each of the groups of ecosystem services, specific methods of their economic valuation are applied. Thus, provisional services are mainly assessed according to their market values. The contribution of provisional services to the total value of ecosystem services is relatively small. Regulating services are often estimated by the avoided cost and replacement cost methods, and cultural services (recreation, inspiration source, aesthetic value, spiritual value) are valued by the travel cost method. The methods of nonmarketable valuation are essentially based on the willingness-to-pay approach. Upon valuation of ecosystem services at the local level, a systems approach should be applied; it is necessary to taken into account cooperation bonus obtained by the particular stakeholders. It should also be noted that the removal of additional pressures from ecosystems in a given place might result in the increase of the anthropogenic loads on ecosystems in other places. The separation, mapping, and valuation of ecosystem services are performed with an ultimate goal to ensure sustainable development of the society and human well-being. The ecological and economic approaches in this field are actually aimed at strengthening of the role of market mechanisms in the environmental protection policy.

Acoustic methods in nondestructive testing of concrete: Review of foreign publications in the field of theoretical studies

This paper is devoted to the review and analysis of foreign publications in the field of acoustic methods in theoretical studies of problems of nondestructive testing as applied to the analysis of the physical properties of concretes. Methods that combine theoretical and experimental approaches are considered in the introduction and deterministic and stochastic methods are analyzed independently. The application of the finite- and boundary-element methods is then described and a new method for studying the considered problems is proposed.

Acoustic methods for the nondestructive testing of concrete: A review of foreign publications in the experimental field

Acoustic methods for experimental studies of the problems of nondestructive testing that are used in the analysis of the strength and other physical properties of concrete are reviewed on the basis of an analysis of foreign publications. The classical through transmission, pulse-echo, and impact-echo methods, changes in the internal structure of concrete under loading, and factors that influence the correlation between the strength and acoustic-wave velocity are considered.

Superhard coatings from nanocomposites. Review of foreign publications

A classification of superhard coatings from nanocomposites and the principles of their formation are presented. Causes of their high hardness are explained. The best known coatings from nanocomposites are characterized.

Деякі тенденції в дистанційному зондуванні Землі (за зарубіжними матеріалами)

Деякі тенденції в дистанційному зондуванні Землі (за зарубіжними матеріалами)

Use of fuel additives to reduce diesel exhaust smoke (review of foreign publications)

Use of fuel additives to reduce diesel exhaust smoke (review of foreign publications)