Review Of Experimental Research Research Articles

A Review of Experimental Research on Hot Tearing of Aluminium Alloy Casting

A Review of Experimental Research on Hot Tearing of Aluminium Alloy Casting

A complex system of the mouse brain - selection for successful solution of a cognitive test

The study provides a review of experimental research on selection of mice that yields positive results. The selection of mice was high (the task required mice to understand that an object which has become invisible, still exists and could be found) and poor performance in a cognitive test. The results obtained revealed better short term memory in mice, selected for high performance scores, and that these mice also showed higher performance in tests for novelty and attention. This suggests that differences between mice used in the experiment are associated not only with cognitive abilities in tests, but also with more pronounced “executive functions”.

Probiotics for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a review of experimental research from 2018 to 2022.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a worldwide public health problem, and the prevalence of the disease among children has been increasing. The pathogenesis of UC has not been elucidated, but dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is considered the main cause of chronic intestinal inflammation. This review focuses on the therapeutic effects of probiotics on UC and the potential mechanisms involved. In animal studies, probiotics have been shown to alleviate symptoms of UC, including weight loss, diarrhea, blood in the stool, and a shortened colon length, while also restoring intestinal microecological homeostasis, improving gut barrier function, modulating the intestinal immune response, and attenuating intestinal inflammation, thereby providing theoretical support for the development of probiotic-based microbial products as an adjunctive therapy for UC. However, the efficacy of probiotics is influenced by factors such as the bacterial strain, dose, and form. Hence, the mechanisms of action need to be investigated further. Relevant clinical trials are currently lacking, so the extension of animal experimental findings to clinical application requires a longer period of consideration for validation.

A review of experimental research on organizational trust

ABSTRACT Trust profoundly shapes organisational, group, and dyadic outcomes. Reflecting its importance, a substantial and growing body of scholarship has investigated the topic of trust. Much of this work has used experiments to identify clear, causal relationships. However, in contrast to theoretical work that conceptualises trust as a multi-faceted (e.g. ability, benevolence, integrity), multi-level (e.g. interpersonal, intergroup), and dynamic construct, experimental scholarship investigating trust has largely investigated benevolence-based trust in dyadic relationships. As a result of the relatively limited set of paradigms experimental scholars have used to investigate trust, many questions related to different forms and types of trust remain un- and under-explored in experimental work. In this review, we take stock of the existing experimental trust scholarship and identify key gaps in our current understanding of trust. We call for future experimental work to investigate ability-based and integrity-based trust, to advance our understanding of the interplay between relationship history and trust, to study trust as a multi-level construct, to focus on the consequences of trust including the hazards of misplaced trust, and to study trust maintenance. To support these lines of inquiry, we introduce an ideal-typical process model to develop or adapt appropriate trust experiments.

Environmental degradation of structural glass systems: A review of experimental research and main influencing parameters

Several factors, including incentives associated with aesthetics, transparency, high chemical, and mechanical durability, and its excellent corrosion resistance, have rapidly accelerated the interest and use of glass as windows, façades, or load-bearing elements in structural applications. Nonetheless, the glass is chemically attacked when subjected to certain environmental conditions and its chemistry, structure, as well as its optical and mechanical properties, are altered by the different weathering processes throughout its service life. Several techniques exist for evaluating the performance of weathered glass. These include both natural and artificial ageing techniques. However, little correlation has been shown to exist between natural and artificial ageing, especially the comprehensive comparison between the naturally aged and artificially weathered glazing systems have yet to be examined. In this review paper, the weathering of structural glass systems when exposed to environmental conditions is presented. Emphasis in the literature has been placed chiefly on the different types of glazing in the construction industry and their resistance to three main weathering agents: humidity, temperature, and soiling. Main optical and mechanical tests reported in the literature are summarized, and the properties described in each of them are examined, providing evidence of current challenges, limitations, and insight on future prospects.

A Review of Experimental Research on the Mode I Fracture Behavior of Bamboo

Bamboo is an eco-friendly material with light weight, high strength, short growth cycle and high sustainability, which is widely used in building structures. Engineered bamboo has further promoted the development of modern bamboo structures due to its unrestricted size and shape. However, as a fiber-reinforced material, fracture damage, especially Mode I fracture damage, becomes the most likely damage mode of its structure, so Mode I fracture characteristics are an important subject in the research of mechanical properties of bamboo. This paper summarizes the current status of experimental research on the Mode I fracture properties of bamboo based on the three-point bending (TPB) method, the single-edge notched beam (SENB) method, the compact tension (CT) method and the double cantilever beam (DCB) method, compares the fracture toughness of different species of bamboo, analyzes the toughening mechanisms and fracture damage modes, discusses the applicability of different theoretical calculation methods, and makes suggestions for future research priorities, aiming to provide a reference for future research and engineering applications in related fields.

Neuropsychological Features of Motivational and Volitional Readiness for School of Six-Year-Old Children with General Speech Underdevelopment

The article raises the issue of general speech underdevelopment in six-year-old children as a disorder of complex aetiology, which includes a combination of genetically determined insufficiency of certain brain systems with the consequences of organic damage to the central nervous system. This topic is of significant interest these days, because moderate general speech underdevelopment with a positive prognosis occurs in 15-25% of children and an average of 5% have severe disorders that interfere with adaptation. Children with such underdevelopment have difficulties in social development, quality of which directly depends on the level of development of the ability to build coherent statements that prevent formation of readiness for school. The article contains a description of the features of motivational and volitional readiness for school in children with general speech underdevelopment, methods of its evaluation and a review of experimental research. A psychological readiness for school from the point of formation of motives and their features, as well as the quality of self-regulation of children with general speech underdevelopment is characterized. Conditions for development of coherent speech in children of this category and the features of purposeful and consistent correctional and pedagogical work are considered. Examples of correctional methods from the point of view of neuropsychology and substantiation of necessity of creation of pedagogical conditions for correction and development of speech in children with the general underdevelopment of speech are presented. For a long time, the issue of readiness of pre-schoolers for school has been of vital importance, which is due in part to the current large-scale socio-economic changes in society.

A Review of Experimental Researches on the Thermophysical Properties of Hydrogen-Containing Mixtures at High Temperatures and High Pressures

Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier compared with the direct burning of coal or oil. The gasification processes of coal, oil, and other organic substances in supercritical water (>647 K and 22.1 MPa) produce hydrogen-containing mixtures. The mixtures mainly contain H2, CO2, CH4, and CO. Knowledge of the thermophysical properties which mainly include the PVT property, viscosity, and thermal conductivity is significant for the design and optimization of the relevant equipment. Currently available experimental researches on the thermophysical properties of hydrogen-containing mixtures at high temperatures and high pressures are reviewed. The review describes the progress in developing the measurement apparatuses, obtaining the thermophysical data, and observing the abnormal phenomena for the PVT property, viscosity, and thermal conductivity along with proposing the equation of state and transport property correlations of hydrogen-containing mixtures at high temperatures and high pressures. In addition, the possible advancements in both experiment and theory in the future are discussed.

A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Problem Posing Strategies on Students’ Learning of Mathematics

This is a review of experimental research in which students have been taught to pose mathematical problems as a means of developing their learning. Hence, the aim of the research is to combine the empirical evidence regarding the functionality of problem posing strategies and to explore the aspects which could influence the integration of problem posing in mathematical education. In this direction, a meta-analysis approach was utilized in this study. 20 experimental research published between years of 2000 and 2020 are contained in this research and 31 effect sizes were computed. According to random effects model, it was found that problem posing strategy has significant impact on learners’ problem-solving skills, mathematics achievement, level of problems posed, and attitudes towards mathematics (ES = 1.328; 1.142; 1.152; 0.643; p=0.05). These effects also were analyzed according to methodological and instructional variables. The findings obtained in the research was discussed in the light of the literature and suggestions were made for the future studies.

Heat transfer during film condensation inside plain tubes. Review of experimental research

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the published experimental researches on condensation heat transfer inside plain tubes. The existing methods of the research on heat transfer and hydrodynamics have been analyzed and their disadvantages are substantiated (shown). There are considered more than 40 empirical and semi-empirical methods and correlations for prediction of heat transfer coefficients in various heat exchangers, particularly in the evaporative systems of thermal desalinating plants, air conditioning systems, safety systems of reactors, heaters of power plants and condensers of cooling equipment. The given correlations are compared with the experimental data of various authors obtained in the case of condensation of diverse substances in different flow regimes. The correlations are evaluated with the experimental data of different authors for different fluids and flow conditions. According to the comparison performed, the correlations suggested by Thome and others (2003), Cavallini and others (2006), Shah (2015) and Rifert and others (2018) are recommended to be used for the most accurate prediction of heat transfer coefficients in case of condensation of various refrigerants, which in recent years are becoming widespread in power economy (fluid FC-72, methane, carbone dioxide, organic fluids R245fa, Novec®649, HFE-7000, steam, etc.).

일반 유아 및 초등학생의 사회적 기술 증진을 위한 실험연구 분석

일반 유아 및 초등학생의 사회적 기술 증진을 위한 실험연구 분석

Review of Experimental Research on Supercritical and Transcritical Thermodynamic Cycles Designed for Heat Recovery Application

Supercritical operation is considered a main technique to achieve higher cycle efficiency in various thermodynamic systems. The present paper is a review of experimental investigations on supercritical operation considering both heat-to-upgraded heat and heat-to-power systems. Experimental works are reported and subsequently analyzed. Main findings can be summarized as: steam Rankine cycles does not show much studies in the literature, transcritical organic Rankine cycles are intensely investigated and few plants are already online, carbon dioxide is considered as a promising fluid for closed Brayton and Rankine cycles but its unique properties call for a new thinking in designing cycle components. Transcritical heat pumps are extensively used in domestic and industrial applications, but supercritical heat pumps with a working fluid other than CO2 are scarce. To increase the adoption rate of supercritical thermodynamic systems further research is needed on the heat transfer behavior and the optimal design of compressors and expanders with special attention to the mechanical integrity.

A review of experimental research on anxiety and sexual arousal: Implications for the treatment of sexual dysfunction using cognitive behavioral therapy

Clinical models of sexual response link anxiety to the etiology of sexual dysfunction. Furthermore, some cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) for sexual dysfunction have included strategies targeting anxiety reduction. This review examines the experimental literature on the effects of manipulating aspects of the anxiety response (e.g., anxious sensations, thoughts, attentional focus) on genital and self-reported sexual arousal. An additional aim was to use this literature to elucidate potential mechanisms that may be useful for CBT for sexual dysfunction. Our review suggested that anxiety sometimes facilitates, inhibits, or has no effect on sexual arousal. These findings suggest that caution is warranted incorporating anxiety-focused interventions in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions. Importantly, little experimental research has utilized precise manipulations of anxiety (e.g., manipulating fear of penetration) that are related to current CBT interventions. To better understand the relationship between anxiety and sexual dysfunction, future research should explore the question of why and how anxiety exerts a variable effect on sexual arousal rather than simply if anxiety exerts an effect on sexual arousal. Importantly, experimental research examining individual differences in beliefs about anxiety and sex may be helpful in answering this important question and help advance and improve CBT interventions for sexual dysfunctions.

A Review of Experimental Research on Embodied Creativity: Revisiting the Mind–Body Connection

A growing body of experimental work highlights the potential value of unstructured, interactive, or spontaneous motions, including gestures, dance, shifting body postures, physical object‐manipulation, drawing, etc. to favorably impact creative performance. However, despite these favorable findings, to our knowledge, no systematic review has been conducted to explore the totality of evidence for embodied activities in this arena. Thus, the objective of this paper was to systematically evaluate the potential effects of embodied experimental manipulations on traditionally assessed creativity outcomes. A systematic review was conducted utilizing PubMed, PsychInfo, Sports Discus, and Google Scholar databases. The 20 studies evaluated employed a variety of methodological approaches regarding study design, embodied manipulation, and selection of specific creativity outcomes. Despite these variations, embodied movement robustly enhanced creativity across nearly all studies (90%), with no studies showing a detrimental effect. Based on the evaluation of the studies reviewed, several common themes emerged. These included the relevance of symbolic metaphors and distributed embodied cognitions, selection of embodied modality, specific measurement considerations, as well as the importance for implementing true, inactive control conditions in embodied creativity research. This review expands on these findings and places them in the context of improving future embodied creativity research.

ЭЛЕКТРОКАРДИОГРАФИЯ У КРЫС В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

A scientific and analytical review of experimental research with the use of rats as biological test systems and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters assessment was conducted. The data on various methods of ECG recording in anesthetized and unanesthetized animals (including the advantages and drawbacks of such methods) were presented. Both invasive and non-invasive approaches to recording the cardiac electrical activity in unanesthetized rats (including the method of telemetric ECG monitoring), which allow EEG monitoring in freely-behaving animals, were described. The review widely presents the studies with ECG registration in anesthetized animals. The data on influence of various types of anesthesia on electrical manifestation of cardiac activity in rats as well as hemodynamic parameters and activity of the vegetative centers regulating them was systematized. The review analyzes the parameters of rat’s ECG recorded in experimental studies in comparison with the parameters of human’s ECG and assesses the possibilities of extrapolating the data obtained to humans. The literature data analysis revealed a fairly wide range of scientific studies and preclinical trials of drugs based on the use of the electrocardiography method in rats. The most significant ECG parameters in rats were identified: PR interval, QRS complex (RS or Rs), T wave amplitude and corrected QT interval, which are of practical importance for adequate interpretation of the data of experimental research of integral characteristics of cardiovascular system and intersystem regulatory mechanisms activity.

Behavior in Group Contests: A Review of Experimental Research

Group contests are ubiquitous. Some examples include warfare between countries, competition between political parties, team-incentives within firms, group sports, and rent-seeking. In order to succeed, members of the same group have incentives to cooperate with each other by expending individual efforts. However, since effort is costly, each member also has an incentive to abstain from expending any effort and instead free-ride on the efforts of other members. Contest theory shows that the intensity of competition between groups and the amount of free-riding within groups depend on the group size, sharing rule, group impact function, contest success function, and heterogeneity of players. We review experimental studies testing these theoretical predictions. Almost all studies of behavior in group contests find significant over-expenditure of effort relative to the theory. We discuss potential explanations for such over-expenditure, including the utility of winning, bounded rationality, relative payoff maximization, parochial altruism, and social identity. Despite over-expenditure, most studies find support for the comparative statics predictions of the theory (with the exception of the “group size paradox”). Finally, studies show that there are effective mechanisms that can promote within-group cooperation and conflict resolution mechanisms that can de-escalate and potentially eliminate between-group conflict.

Discrete choice experiments: a research agenda for experimental accounting

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce and illustrate how discrete choice experiments (DCEs) can be used by accounting researchers and present an agenda of accounting-related research topics that might usefully benefit from the adoption of DCEs.Design/methodology/approachEach major phase involved in conducting a DCE is illustrated using a capital budgeting case study. The research agenda is based on a review of experimental research in financial accounting, management accounting and auditing.FindingsDCEs can overcome some of the problems associated with asking decision-makers to rank or rate alternatives. Instead, they ask decision-makers to choose an alternative from a set. DCEs arguably better reflect the realities of real-world decision-making because decision-makers need to make trade-offs between all of the alternatives relevant to a decision. An important advantage that DCEs offer is their ability to calculate willingness-to-pay estimates, which can enable the valuation of non-market goods. Several streams of experimental accounting research would appear well-suited to investigation with DCEs.Research limitations/implicationsWhile every effort has been made to ensure that this illustration is as generic to as the many potential studies as possible, it may be that researchers seeking to utilise a DCE need to refer to additional literary sources. This study, however, should serve as a useful starting point.Practical implicationsAccounting researchers are expected to benefit from reading this article by being: made aware of the DCE method and its advantages; shown how to conduct a DCE; and provided with an agenda of accounting-related research topics that might usefully benefit from application of the DCE methodology.Originality/valueIt is the authors’ understanding that this is the first article directed to accounting academics regarding the conduct of DCEs for accounting research. It is hoped that this study can provide a useful platform for accounting academics to launch further research adopting DCEs.

The Use of Adipose Derived Cells for Skin Nerve Regeneration – Short Review of Experimental Research

Burns and other severe skin injuries alter cutaneous perception of pain, temperature, and touch. During skin wound healing, peripheral nerve regeneration can occur from nerve endings of the wound bed, however, a functional recovery after an injury is often not sufficient due to scar formation or impaired wound healing.

One carbon metabolism and bone homeostasis and remodeling: A review of experimental research and population studies.

Homocysteine (HCY) is a degradation product of the methionine pathway. The B vitamins, in particular vitamin B12 and folate, are the primary nutritional determinant of HCY levels and therefore their deficiencies result in hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHCY). Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) and related dietary deficiencies in B vitamins and folate increase with age and have been related to osteoporosis and abnormal development of epiphyseal cartilage and bone in rodents. Here we provide a review of experimental and population studies. The negative effects of HHCY and/or B vitamins and folate deficiencies on bone formation and remodeling are documented by cell models, including primary osteoblasts, osteoclast and bone progenitor cells as well as by animal and human studies. However, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and remain poorly understood. Whether these associations are the direct consequences of impaired one carbon metabolism is not clarified and more studies are still needed to translate these findings to human population. To date, the evidence is limited and somewhat conflicting, however further trials in groups most vulnerable to impaired one carbon metabolism are required.

A Review of Experimental Research for Evidence-based Human Rights Education

A Review of Experimental Research for Evidence-based Human Rights Education