Review-based Study Research Articles

Impact of Triage Nurse Training on Accuracy and Efficiency: A Systematic Review-Based Study

Background Triage in the emergency department (ED) is a crucial procedure that establishes the urgency of patient care based on symptoms at presentation. Although the efficacy of triage nurse training programs varies, their goal is to increase the precision and efficiency of their decision-making. Aim With a focus on research done between 2019 and 2024, the systematic review attempts to evaluate the effect of training programs on the accuracy and efficiency of triage nurses in emergency departments. Method We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases to find pertinent research. Studies assessing training treatments for triage nurses and reporting accuracy and efficiency-related results were included in the inclusion criteria. Both the quality assessment and data extraction were carried out separately by two reviewers. Result Ten studies that used a range of triage training techniques and covered a variety of geographic areas satisfied the inclusion criteria. Research findings consistently showed that, despite variations in study designs and outcome measures, training programs increased triage accuracy and efficiency. Interventions included clinical decision support system integration, training based on simulation, and conventional classroom-based instruction. Conclusion By increasing decision-making efficiency and accuracy in patient evaluation, training programs greatly improve the performance of triage nurses in emergency departments. To improve comparability and support evidence-based policies, future research must standardize training methodologies and outcome measurements.

A Review-Based Study on the Importance of Doctor-Patient Communication in Healthcare

Effective doctor-patient communication is crucial for delivering quality healthcare, as it directly influences patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, and the incidence of medical errors. This review critically analyzes secondary data from various studies, surveys, and meta-analyses to examine the impact of communication on health outcomes, particularly focusing on vulnerable populations such as those with language barriers and low health literacy. The findings reveal that effective communication enhances patient satisfaction, improves adherence to treatment plans, and reduces medical errors, while poor communication leads to adverse health outcomes, including non-compliance and misdiagnosis. Additionally, improving communication practices lowers malpractice claims and mitigates physician burnout. These insights emphasize the need for targeted interventions to overcome communication barriers and foster equitable healthcare delivery.

SIGNIFICANCE AND ROLE OF FOXO3 GENE IN HUMAN LONGEVITY AND VARIOUS DISEASES: A SHORT REPORT

The aim of this research-based review is to disseminate scientific knowledge about an important FOXO3 gene and its activation by phytochemicals. The fork head box O (FOXO) transcription factor is composed of helix DNA. FOXOs are involved in metabolism, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, energy, oxidative stress, immunity, inflammation, and stem cell maintenance symptoms that occur because of age associated diseases. Its FOXOs family consists of foxo1, foxo3, foxo4 and foxo6, but all of them are different from each other, among which FOXO3 gene involved in human longevity. FOXO3 proteins manage those genes that are associated with growth factors. To increase health span FOXO3 proteins are engaged in many physiological and pathological conditions like cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, chronic neurological diseases, and tumor suppressants. Phytochemicals, including polyphenols, seem to have potential for upregulation of the function of FOXO 3. The literature for the described study was collected by various research engines like Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, etc. Our review-based study reveals that Phenols, Polyphenols and terpenoids were found to be effective regulators of the FOXO3 gene for human longevity. Keywords: FOXO3, Tumor suppressants, Polyphenols, Oxidative stress, DNA.

Empowering Women Through Digital Storytelling for Viksit Bharat: A Review Based Study

In the digital era, storytelling has emerged as a powerful tool for empowerment, particularly for marginalized groups such as women. This paper presents a comprehensive review-based study presents an overview of Digital Storytelling. In addition, information is presented about the steps of creating a digital story and its different types. The article also includes a discussion of challenges and other important considerations that society should be aware of before implementing the use of Digital Storytelling to empower the women for Viksit Bharat by 2047 and concludes with an overview of the research that has been and needs to be conducted on the effectiveness of Digital Storytelling in empowering women within the context of Viksit Bharat.

EHR documentation of cost discussions and financial interventions for a cohort of patients with advanced cancer: Findings from a retrospective chart review-based study.

e23150 Background: Financial Toxicity (FT), the adverse impact of high medical costs on quality of life, notably affects many oncology patients. In a prior initiative to improve quality of life for advanced cancer patients, a palliative care-trained nurse practitioner (PCNP) was embedded in an academic oncology practice. Patients completed the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and Canadian Problem Checklist (CPC) to gauge physical symptoms, psychosocial issues, and financial concerns. However, the incidence of self-reported financial issues and electronic health record (EHR) documentation of cost discussions and interventions remain unclear for this patient group. Methods: The study included adult oncology patients with advanced cancer seen by the PCNP from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2022. We assessed incidence of self-reported financial concerns via CPC checklists in this cohort. Ten charts underwent detailed manual review for evidence of cost discussions or referral to finance-related interventions for up to 1 year from the initial consult with the PCNP or until death. During the review, we identified keywords in documentation of cost discussions and finance-related interventions to create a keyword library. We iteratively compared the library to our reference standard manual chart review to ensure 100% sensitivity. We then employed this keyword library to evaluate the remaining charts. Descriptive statistics were employed to assess correlations between self-reported financial concerns, chart documentation of cost discussions or financial interventions, and patient demographics. Results: Out of 109 eligible patients, 71% (77) completed pre-visit questionnaires, with 30% (23) reporting financial issues. Of this group, 43% (10) died during the study period. Average follow-up was 5.0 months among the decedents. Among those reporting financial concerns, 65% (15) had documented cost discussions or financial assistance referrals in the EHR, involving physicians, social workers, and other clinic staff. Most interventions addressed medication costs and referrals to financial assistance as indicated. Patient demographics (age, sex, insurance type) showed no apparent association with chart documentation of cost discussions or financial assistance. Conclusions: We used retrospective chart review to evaluate the extent of documentation of cost discussions and finance-related intervention in a cohort of patients with advanced cancer. In our patient cohort, 30% self-reported financial concerns, a proportion consistent with previously reported incidence of FT among oncology patients. Notably, 35% of the patients with known financial concerns had no other relevant documentation in the EHR. More work is needed to establish best practices for systematic screening for FT and interventions to support patients.

A Review on Harnessing Renewable Energy Synergies for Achieving Urban Net-Zero Energy Buildings: Technologies, Performance Evaluation, Policies, Challenges, and Future Direction

As urbanization continues to accelerate globally, energy demand in cities is reaching unprecedented levels, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. In response, the concept of net-zero energy building (NZEB) is becoming a sustainable solution for urban energy needs. NZEB aims to achieve a net-zero energy footprint by balancing the energy it consumes with the energy it produces, primarily from renewable energy (RE) sources. This comprehensive literature review-based study explores the role of RE synergies in the context of urban NZEBs, including discussions on definition and development of NZEBs, RE-synergies for achieving NZEBs, sustainable trends and clusters of NZEBs, climate change impacts on NZEBs, their performance evaluation, policy and regulatory frameworks, and challenges and possible solutions related to NZEBs. It has been identified that while customizing NZEB definitions to align with regional energy supply and demand is important, the same is highly dependent on building architectural and micro-climate features. The assessment of climate change effects and NZEB practices should involve evaluating building energy equilibrium, occupant comfort, and interactions with the energy grid. There are still some technical, policy, and socio-economic challenges that need more attention to provide comprehensive solutions for further enhancing the sustainable development/performance of NZEBs and achieving their goal.

A cutting tool architecture designed to address the parasitic mechanisms consuming excess power during machining and manufacturing operations-A review-based study towards sustainable manufacturing.

Metal cutting has been extensively studied over the years for improving its efficacy, yet, parasitic mechanisms like chatter and tool wear continue to generate higher forces and energy consumption with poor surface integrity. To address these parasitic mechanisms, a single-point turning cutter design is proposed based on the physics-of-machining including chatter theory to achieve reduced power consumption during the cutting of various metallic alloys like Al-6061, Ti-6Al-4V and others used by critical sectors such as aerospace and automotive. The current work focuses on aspects of machining that effectively reduce parasitic forces feeding into cutting power. The proposed cutter amalgamates features such as optimum side and end cutting edge angles, smaller nose radius and textured rake face into the cutter-body. Such a design is further proposed for use with a mechanochemical effect on a recently discovered plastic flow mode called sinuous flow, which has been reported to bring down cutting forces significantly. Experimental and analytical tests on the cutter design features validate reduction of cutting forces and through that alleviate the tendency to chatter as well as bring about energy savings for cutting of Al 6061. The potential for reduced real-time power consumption makes this design-framework significant for multipoint milling cutters too. It will greatly facilitate frugal manufacturing to account for sustainability in manufacturing operations.

A bibliometric and scientometric analysis-based review of environmental health and safety research in the construction industry

Purpose The construction business is widely recognised for its inherent complexity and dynamic nature, which stems from the nature of the job involved. The industry is often regarded as one of the most challenging industries globally in terms of implementing environmental, health and safety (EHS) practices. However, in the absence of EHS, the construction industry cannot be considered sustainable. Therefore, this study aims to identify the trends, knowledge gaps and implications of EHS research to enhance construction activities and knowledge. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a science mapping approach involving bibliometric and scientometric analysis of 407 construction EHS publications from the Scopus database with the VOSviewer software. The study is based on journal articles from the Scopus database without restriction to any time range. Findings The main focus of construction EHS research identified in the study includes sustainability-related studies, risk-related, environmental issues, EHS management, integrated management systems studies, health and safety related and EHS in the construction process. Some emerging areas also identified include productivity, design, culture, social sustainability and machine learning. The most influential and productive publication sources, countries/regions and EHS publications with the highest impact were also determined. Research limitations/implications Documents published in the Scopus database were considered for analysis because of the wider coverage of the database. Journal articles written in English language represent the inclusion criteria, whereas other documents were excluded from the analysis. The study also limited the search to articles with the engineering subject area. Practical implications The research findings will enlighten stakeholders and practitioners on the focal knowledge areas in the EHS research domain, which are vital for enhancing EHS in the industry. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review-based study is the first attempt to internationally conduct a science mapping on extant literature in the EHS research domain through bibliometric and scientometric assessments.

Healthcare Through AI: Integrating Deep Learning, Federated Learning, and XAI for Disease Management

The applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been resonating across various fields for the past three decades, with the healthcare domain being a primary beneficiary of these innovations and advancements. Recently, AI techniques such as deep learning, machine learning, and federated learning have been frequently employed to address challenges in disease management. However, these techniques often face issues related to transparency, interpretability, and explainability. This is where explainable AI (XAI) plays a crucial role in ensuring the explainability of AI models. There is a need to explore the current role of XAI in healthcare, along with the challenges and applications of XAI in the domain of healthcare and disease management. This paper presents a systematic literature review-based study to investigate the integration of XAI with deep learning and federated learning in the digital transformation of healthcare and disease management. The results of this study indicate that XAI is increasingly gaining the attention of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the healthcare domain.

Role of Emotional Intelligence in Stress Management of Healthcare Professionals - Literature Review

Emotional intelligence is the ability of an individual to understand one’s own emotions and that of others and use them in the right way to guide one’s actions and thinking. The healthcare sector is one of the largest employing sectors that poses high demanding needs to the professionals like long working hours, emotional demands, patient demands and expectations which in turn causes a stressful work environment. To manage both the occupational and personal stressors these noble professionals need to adapt strategies and interventions. This paper is an attempt to identify the role of emotional intelligence in the stress management practices of the healthcare professionals like doctors, nurses, paramedical workers, technicians, etc. Goals and aims: The main objective of the study is to understand the role of emotional intelligence in different sectors specifically emphasise its role in managing stress levels of healthcare employees and suggest interventions and strategies for stress management. Methodology: A comprehensive review-based study to discover the role of emotional intelligence in the stress management practices of healthcare employees is attempted across different countries. Results: The integrative reviews pointed out that employees with higher emotional intelligence levels experienced less stress in their work and exhibited better performance in their work in various sectors including the healthcare industry. It is evident that emotional intelligence can act as an influencer to lessen the stress levels of employees. Conclusion: The study identifies the need for developing emotional competencies like an individual’s emotional awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills to produce visible results in enhancing the employees' productivity, quality of work life, job satisfaction, reduced stress levels, empathy, better communication and decision-making skills in achieving both individual and professional growth.

Role of Social Workers in Identifying Challenges and Developing Skills in Children with Learning Disabilities

Social work values, ethics, and abilities are crucial for ensuring tailored care and support practice and advocacy based on human rights. For Children with learning disabilities, it is beneficial. The paper focuses on social work skills useful in helping kids with learning disabilities. It describes the main disagreements in the area, such as those over policy and practice. Additionally, it is asserted that social workers are well equipped to do research and engage in clinical treatment that advances social justice and full and meaningful involvement in society. The study's objective is to identify social workers varied supporting and rehabilitative roles in easing the difficulties faced by children with disabilities. The review-based study draws its support from secondary sources such journals, books, articles, and other publications. The report emphasizes how social work techniques and practices might help to lessen the difficulties faced by young people with learning problems. A framework is also provided for research, practice, educational concerns, and advocacy strategies to support families of children with learning difficulties. Since social work practice is centred on families, some of the most important competencies for social work with families of children are also included in this article. In order to serve children with learning disabilities, the research found that social workers' most prominent tasks were those of need analyst, mediator, facilitator, motivator, rehabilitator, advocate, and care planner.

Multifunctional role of nanoparticles for the diagnosis and therapeutics of cardiovascular diseases

The increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains responsible for morbidity and mortality worldwide; their effective diagnostic or treatment methods are of great interest to researchers. The use of NPs and nanocarriers in cardiology has drawn much interest. The present comprehensive review provides deep insights into the use of current and innovative approaches in CVD diagnostics to offer practical ways to utilize nanotechnological interventions and the critical elements in the CVD diagnosis, associated risk factors, and management strategies of patients with chronic CVDs. We proposed a decision tree-based solution by discussing the emerging applications of NPs for the higher number of rules to increase efficiency in treating CVDs. This review-based study explores the screening methods, tests, and toxicity to provide a unique way of creating a multi-parametric feature that includes cutting-edge techniques for identifying cardiovascular problems and their treatments. We discussed the benefits and drawbacks of various NPs in the context of cost, space, time and complexity that have been previously suggested in the literature for the diagnosis of CVDs risk factors. Also, we highlighted the advances in using NPs for targeted and improved drug delivery and discussed the evolution toward the nano-cardiovascular potential for medical science. Finally, we also examined the mixed-based diagnostic approaches crucial for treating cardiovascular disorders, broad applications and the potential future applications of nanotechnology in medical sciences.

Efficacy of cryoneurolysis versus intra-articular steroid in sacroiliac joint pain: A retrospective, case-control study.

Intra-articular steroids provide significant pain relief in sacroiliac joint pain (SIJP), but their action is short-lived. Cryoneurolysis is reported to produce prolonged pain relief in various pain conditions. However, its efficacy has not been evaluated in patients with SIJP. Thus, we compared the efficacy of cryoneurolysis with steroid injections in adult patients with SIJP. This retrospective healthcare records review-based study involved 83 patients with SIJP. Patients were divided into two groups: cases (sacroiliac joint [SIJ] cryoneurolysis, n = 39) and controls (SIJ steroid injection, n = 44). An 11-point numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) was used to assess the pain severity at baseline and immediately, 1, 3 and 6 months post-intervention. A reduction of ≥50% in NPRS score immediately following SIJ cryoneurolysis and steroid injection was considered a successful outcome. The difference between the treatment groups was assessed with a Chi-square test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Both cases and controls showed significantly decreased NPRS scores from baseline to immediately, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postintervention (P < 0.001). However, compared to controls, cases had significantly lower NPRS scores at all time points (all P < 0.001). Moreover, a significantly greater proportion of cases had ≥50% decrease in NPRS score from baseline, that is, 1 month (97.44% vs. 75%, P = 0.004), 3 months (100% vs. 47.73%, P < 0.001) and 6 months (69.23% vs. 27.27%, P < 0.001). Although both cryoneurolysis and intra-articular steroid injections provide significant pain relief immediately, 1, 3 and 6 months postintervention, cryoneurolysis resulted in significantly greater pain relief.

Mantodea of Iran: A review-based study

Scattered taxonomic data can be used to determine the geographic distribution of arthropods such as Mantodea (mantids). The distribution of mantids is not well known in Iran and not readily determined because the literature has been published in a mix of Persian-language and non-Persian-language scientific references, including books, journals, annual congress proceedings, and final reports of academic projects. To create a national checklist of mantids in Iran, I reviewed 35 Persian and non-Persian (English, German, and Italian) publications. I recorded 57 praying mantid species from 9 families described from localities across Iran. I identified 18 species—Ameles decolor, Ameles heldreichi, Ameles picteti, Ameles spallanzania, Elaea marchali, Empusa pennata, Eremiaphila andresi, Eremiaphila cerisy, Eremiaphila turcica, Geomantis larvoides, Iris coeca, Iris pitcheri, Oxyothespis wagneri, Pareuthyphlebs palmonii, Pseudoyersinia paui, Rivetina baetica, Severinia nigrofasciata, and Severinia turcomaniae—with records in Iran that may be incorrect based on geographic ranges that do not include Iran and similarity to other species that do occur in Iran. In the proposed checklist comprising 39 species, the family Rivetinidae, with 9 species, and the 2 families Amorphoscelidae and Nanomantidae, with 1 species each, comprised the greatest and least diversity, respectively. This checklist can facilitate future studies on Iran’s mantodeans.

Benefits of Investing on Mother and Child Healthcare in Tanzania

Purpose: Maternal and child healthcare play crucial role in reducing global mortality rates, with a significant impact on the overall burden of disease. The Sustainable Development Goal 3 aims to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania, carries a high burden of mortality rates and experiences a significant share of maternal and child deaths, exacerbating the global figures. The average prevalence of below 5 years mortality in SSA between 2010 and 2018 was 4.10% according to Ahinkorah (2021). Recognizing the severity of this issue, the government of Tanzania through the Development Agenda 2025, Draft health policy 2020 and the current Health Sector strategic plan 2021-2026 plans to reduce infant and maternal mortality rates through mother and child healthcare investment. The Health Sector Strategic Plan focuses on strengthening the health systems in the country and aims to sustain the achievements made in enhancing the health of reproductive, maternal, newborn, children, and adolescent populations. This study sought to assess the benefits of investing on mother and child healthcare in Tanzania. The study was guided by the investment commodity theory developed by the economist John Maynard Keynes in 1936. The study evaluated the current status of mother and child health indicators, the benefits of investing in mother and child health on overall health outcomes and identified the existing gaps and challenges in the provision, access and utilization of mother and child healthcare services in Tanzania.&#x0D; Methodology: The study was a desktop review-based study which relied on existing published information, data, and literature.&#x0D; Findings: The study found out that there have been improvements in certain areas of mother and child health indicators but maternal and child mortality rates remain high. Health interventions such as vaccination programs, improved access to healthcare services, and the use of maternal and child health insurance cards showed positive effects on reducing child mortality, improving child health outcomes, and enhancing maternal healthcare utilization. The significant gaps and challenges in the provision, access, and utilization of mother and child healthcare services include disparities in access to healthcare services based on factors such as education level and wealth status, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, long distances to health facilities, sociocultural barriers, and financial constraints.&#x0D; Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends strengthening of healthcare infrastructure, enhancing access to maternal and child healthcare services, especially for vulnerable populations, promoting health education and raising awareness about maternal and child healthcare practices, addressing the shortage of skilled healthcare professionals, improving data collection and use and monitoring of maternal and child health indicators, addressing socio-cultural barriers that hinder access and utilization of healthcare services and increasing investment in mother and child health care programs through allocate adequate resources.

Review on Effect of Nutrition during Flood on Children

Purpose: Nepal is a highly disaster-prone country, experiencing earthquakes, floods, landslides, drought, hot and cold waves, and vector-borne diseases on a regular basis. Monsoonal floods and landslides affect the most vulnerable communities in the hills and plains every year. The paper is aimed to review the effects of nutrition during floods on children. Design/Methodology/Approach: It is a review-based study. In this review, the researcher attempts to recommend a pragmatic solution for the time being through the systematic literature. The researcher uses deductive logic reasoning at large during the review. In-depth archival analysis followed by an intensive review would be strategies adopted during the scientific review. Findings/Result: The floods affected children, mothers’ and elders in Nepal. June to September is the main monsoon month in Nepal. Floods damage houses, foods, agricultural crops, livestock, poultry, and cloth. Floods affect the Terai area of Nepal. There is found floods affected 3-5 years children in Bhutan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal. At the flooding time floods damage houses, food, crops, livestock, and cloths. In Nepal all the family members’ victimised time more vulnerable found mothers, children and elders. June to July summer time floods affect more in the Terai districts children nutrition. It is needed to do research study in seven provinces of Nepal. Central, Province, and Local government allocate special funds for flooding victim children, mother, and elders. Originality/Value: The paper provides pragmatic solutions to the effect of the disaster on Children's nutrition status which might be the foundation for a healthy society overcoming the issue of flood in Nepal. Paper Type: Review paper

Characteristics and outcomes of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) detected with CT screening at a single health system.

8581 Background: At diagnosis, the majority of SCLC patients have extensive-stage disease, and their median survival is only 13 months, even with the addition of checkpoint inhibitors. Previous CT screening trials did not reveal reduction in mortality for SCLC patients. The aim of our study was to analyze the baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of SCLC patients diagnosed with low-dose CT scan as a part of lung cancer screening program. Methods: A retrospective chart review-based study of SCLC patients diagnosed clinically or by lung cancer screening between January 2018 and June 2022 at the Henry Ford Health System was conducted. Baseline characteristics, details of SCLC diagnosis and treatment, and outcome were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-squared test, T-test and log-rank test. Results: Of the 258 patients who met eligibility criteria, 34 were diagnosed by lung cancer screening. Patients diagnosed with screening tended to be older (mean age- 70.5 years vs. 67.3 years, p=0.010). There were no differences in gender distribution, race and smoking status. Mean smoking history was 43 pack-years in both groups. Among screen-detected patients, 73.5% had limited-stage disease compared to 36.6% among clinically detected patients (p&lt;0.001). No significant difference in the presence of brain metastases at diagnosis was observed. Among screen-detected patients, 97.1% received any therapy compared to 85.3% among the clinically detected patients (p=0.105). Overall survival (OS) was significantly better in screen-detected patients, with a 3-year survival rate of 45.5% vs. 17% (p=0.00027). By multivariable analysis, OS was better in screen-detected patients (HR=0.37, 95% CI 0.20-0.68; p=0.001) (Table). There was no significant difference in progression-free survival between the groups. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that SCLC patients diagnosed through the lung cancer screening program have better overall survival rates than those diagnosed clinically. These results suggest that developing appropriate screening measures may impact SCLC-related mortality. [Table: see text]

Musculoskeletal physiotherapy and perceptions on lifestyle interventions: A review.

Musculoskeletal pain treatments are widespread in the clinical practice of physiotherapists. A multifaceted biopsychosocial approach should guide modern pain therapy. The study aimed to investigate the association of musculoskeletal problems with lifestyle behaviors. The study adopted a qualitative literature review methodology. About 200 papers have been reviewed for this study. The categories of the study had been classified according to the factors that are interconnected to the life intervention. The inclusion criteria of the selected literature depend upon the data received. This is a review-based study. The results of cross-sectional and correlational analysis dominated the literature on lifestyle implications on musculoskeletal health, which included pain and its correlated inflammation. Long-term prospective studies, however, are difficult to enroll in due to ethical concerns about denying patients' therapies shown to benefit them, notably lifestyle behavior modification. By conducting intervention studies, it determines lifestyle modifications that determine the beneficial aspects. These aspects are avoiding and reducing pain by increasing exercise capacity. The study concluded that the quantity of beneficial health practices boosted the health-related quality of life. To achieve long-term health, the complexity of the behaviour change needs to be supported by the individual's lifestyle pattern and the support of the data. Therefore, in this century characterized by chronic lifestyle-related illnesses, various health behavior modifications may be claimed to be a primary therapeutic skill of health professionals (individually and collectively).

Literature Review on Indian Ancient University in Imparting Holistic and Multidisciplinary: To Create Indian Knowledge System (IKS)

Purpose: Education in ancient India is way back in the 3rd century BC it is a source of knowledge, traditions, and practices focused on the holistic development provided by the ancient university in higher learnings provided by the Nalanda(5th century), Takshashila (6th century BC), Odantapuri (550-1040), Jagaddala, Sharada peeth Valabhi, Varanasi, Manyakheta in Karnataka, Kanchipuram, Nagarjinakonda focused on Moral, Physical, spiritual, intellectual through Vedas, Brahmanas, Upanishads, Dharmasutras the learning sources are Kavyas, Itihas, Anviksiki (logic), Arthashastra, Mimamsa, VArta (trade), Krida, ShastrArtha, Uyayamaprakara, Dhanurvidya, Yogasadhana, music, the system of ancient education was Vedic and Buddhist with the language of Sanskrit and Pali, Produced academic Scholars Panini well-known grammarian, Charaka medical teacher, Chanakya, Jivaka and Swami Vivekananda Ramakrishna Mission in the twentieth century are the hub of learning. The National Education Policy 2020 is the framework of the Indian Knowledge system to provide innovative developments through multidisciplinary linkages with other branches of knowledge contributed by Aryabhatta mathematician, astrologer and physicist he wrote the book Aryabhattiya (summary of Mathematics), Bramagupta book Brahm Sputa Siddantika on mathematical, Ganesha Upadhaya mathematician and philosopher, medical and Ayurveda by Susruta, Patanjali on Yoga and Vagbhata, The education agencies ancient days are Gurukula, Parishad and Samnelan, teaching methods are verbal and explanatory, lectures, debates and discussions to creating the Three R’s Religion, Resilience, and Responsibility. Design/Methodology/Approach: The Article is descriptive and based on reviews of the literature. Findings: The Ancient university is the embodiment of India Knowledge through Multidisciplinary approaches like philosophy, music, Ayurveda, and Warfare Skills and focuses more on moral values, ethics, and Spiritualism ancient universities and scholars are a gold mine for shaping and improving higher learning and imparting vocational training in all branches. Originality/Value: Present literature review-based study focuses on ancient university subjects’ thought and the contribution of ancient scholar/scientists in different fields of the Indian Knowledge system present NEP2020 draws contribution made to IKS and incorporate a multidisciplinary approach to gain knowledge, culture, and skills to enhance Indian glory. Paper Type: Literature Review-based Analysis

Risk Factors for Recurrent Vitreous Hemorrhage in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients after Posterior Vitrectomy.

(Background) The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to recurrent vitreous hemorrhage (RVH) in a sample of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients. (Methods) This was a retrospective, review-based study. We studied 183 eyes from 121 type 2 diabetes patients with PDR. We recorded the duration of diabetes, history of hypertension, retinal photocoagulation status, posterior vitreous status, mean HbA1c and hemoglobin levels, renal function, and systemic complications associated with diabetes. We also recorded surgical variables-the presence of tractional retinal detachment, the application of segmentation and diathermy on fibrovascular proliferative tissue, and the use of silicone oil-to study which independent variables were significantly related to the presence of RVH. (Results) The duration of diabetes (p = 0.028), hemoglobin level (p = 0.02), status of the posterior vitreous (p = 0.03), retinal photocoagulation status (p = 0.002), and the presence of tractional retinal detachment (p = 0.03) were significantly associated with the presence of RVH. On the other hand, the use of diathermy was associated with fewer RVH events (p < 0.005). In addition, patients with diabetic polyneuropathy, myocardial infarction, and ischemia in the lower limbs exhibited more vitreous hemorrhage events (p < 0.001). (Conclusions) Patients with PDR and a longer diabetes duration, anemia, attached posterior vitreous, deficient retinal photocoagulation, and prior cardiovascular events were more prone to RVH.