Reversal Frequency Research Articles

Periodic polarity reversal triggered sequential electrochemical redox of blue TiO2 nanotube arrays for efficient removal of antibiotics and inorganic nitrogen from actual mariculture wastewater

Using blue TiO2 nanotube arrays (Ti/BTNAs) as both anode and cathode, a novel bipolar system that is suitable for operating in periodic polarity reversal (PR) and flow-through mode was established, aiming to effectively remove antibiotics and inorganic nitrogen from actual mariculture wastewater. Under optimal conditions of 4.0 mA/cm2 current density, 3.0 mL/min water flow rate and 2.0 cycles/h polarity reversal frequency, the PR-induced synergistic effect endows Ti/BTNAs abundant oxygen vacancies (20.53 %), high activity and extended service lifetime (5.25 years), realizing continuous production of surface-adsorbed active hydrogen (Hads∗) at cathode and reactive chlorine species (Cl, ClO, Cl2−, ClO−) over anode through Cl− reacting with reactive oxygen species (HO, SO4−, O2−) and ∼0.7 kWh/gTOC energy consumption. Bipolar system can also flexibly regulate denitrification mechanism through the PR-triggered sequential electrochemical redox of Ti/BTNAs in water flow direction, achieving minimum energy consumption of ∼43.4 ± 3.2 kWh/kg(NH4+-N) and 33.7 ± 2.3 % current efficiency. Berberine antibiotic degradation pathway was suggested by DFT calculations and LC-MS/MS analyses. This study provides a long-acting and low-consuming strategy for comprehensive treating mariculture wastewater.

Electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil using polarity reversal method: Optimization analysis and mechanism exploration

Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) has been applied for in-situ removal of Cd from contaminated soil, and the EKR enhanced with polarity reversal has achieved a higher Cd removal efficiency. However, the migration and accumulation mechanisms of Cd in the EKR process have not been investigated. In this paper, the cross-impacts of the voltage gradient, citric acid concentration in the electrolyte, and polarity reversal frequency on the removal efficiency by EKR of Cd and the optimization conditions were investigated. The migration and accumulation mechanisms of Cd were explored by analyzing the changes in electrokinetic process parameters, experimental phenomena, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of Cd reached 82.26%. The optimal conditions were determined by fitting the RSM model using the BBD design. In the EKR experiment with polarity reversal, Cd accumulated mainly in the middle part of the soil, attributed to the formation of chemical precipitation focusing area caused by soil pH transition, ion-induced potential gradient well trapping effect (IIPGWTE), or soil compaction induced by water loss. In conclusion, the various parameters have cross-impacts on the EKR of Cd-contaminated soil, and efficient in-situ removal of Cd from the contaminated soil can be achieved by adjusting the parameter conditions.

Clay Minerals and Continental‐Scale Remagnetization: A Case Study of South American Neoproterozoic Carbonates

AbstractThe Neoproterozoic carbonate rocks of the Araras Group (Amazon Craton) and the Sete‐Lagoas and Salitre Formations (São Francisco Craton) share a statistically indistinguishable single‐polarity (reversed) characteristic direction. This direction is associated with paleomagnetic poles that do not align with the expected directions for primary detrital remanence. We employ a combination of classical rock magnetic properties and micro imaging/chemical analysis (in thin sections) using synchrotron radiation to examine these remagnetized carbonate rocks. Magnetic data indicate that most samples lack the anomalous hysteresis properties typically associated with carbonate remagnetization (except for distorted loops). Through a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), X‐ray Fluorescence (XRF), and X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), we identified subhedral/anhedral magnetite, or spherical grains with a core‐shell structure of magnetite surrounded by maghemite. These grains are within the pseudo‐single domain size range, as do most of the iron sulfides, and are spatially associated with potassium‐bearing aluminosilicates. While fluid percolation and organic matter maturation play a role, smectite‐illitization appears to be crucial for the growth of these phases. X‐ray diffraction analysis, in addition, identifies these silicates as predominantly highly crystalline illite, suggesting exposure to epizone temperatures. These temperatures were likely reached during the final stages of the Gondwana assembly (Cambrian), but remanence was only locked in afterward, in successive cooling events during the Early Middle Ordovician. This is supported by the carbonates' paleomagnetic pole positions compared to Gondwana's apparent polar wander path, and the absence of reversals, contrasting with the high reversal frequency of the Late Ediacaran/Cambrian.

Covert airflow obstruction dominates the overt ones in interstitial lung disease: An appraisal.

Background & objectives The co-presence of non-emphysematous airflow obstruction in interstitial Lung disease (ILD) is not elaborated. The present study aims the job with spirometry. Methods ILD affected individuals with or without airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC<0.7 or >0.7) on spirometry were compared in terms of FEV1 and FEF25-75 derived variables [FEF25-75 (%-predicted), FEV1-FEF25-75 distance, reversibility of FEV1 and FEF25-75 to salbutamol and change in FEV1 and FEF25-75 in %-predicted values]. Those showing significant difference (P=0.0001) suggesting obstruction were selected to draw respective receiver operating curve (ROC) curves to identify the best cut-off value for individual parameters. The efficacy of each surrogate was tested to identify airflow obstruction in both the initial 'overlap' as well as the 'unmixed' ILD affected individual for the presence of airflow obstruction. Results FEV1/FVC identified 30 overlap from 235 ILDs. The FEF25-75 (%-predicted), FEV1-FEF25-75 distance, FEF25-75 reversibility (in ml) and FEV1 (%-predicted) were significantly (P<0.0001) different between the two groups. Of these, the FEF25-75 (%-predicted) had high specificity and sensitivity (93.33 and 79.47%) to identify airflow limitation in the initial unmixed ILD-group. The surrogates with their cut off values identified 92 extra individuals making it 122/235 (51.91%) of ILD having airflow obstruction. The 'unmixed' group showed higher frequency and degree of FEV1 reversibility. Interpretation & conclusions The findings of this study suggest that the airflow obstruction in ILD involves both the intrathoracic large and small airways. Although seemingly parallel, their relative status (qualitative and quantitative) needs research especially in light of the a etio pathology and the extent of involvement of ILD.

REVERSIBILITY OF COMPLETE HEART BLOCK AFTER ACUTE ANTERIOR WALL MI

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) can result in varying degrees of heart block, most commonly in inferior wall MI. Identifying the reversibility of complete heart block (CHB) is crucial for guiding clinical management, particularly in determining the need for temporary or permanent pacemaker implantation. Objective: To determine the frequency of reversibility of complete heart block in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction at Bolan Medical Complex, Quetta. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bolan Medical Complex, Quetta, from March 2022 to June 2023. A total of 100 patients aged 18–65 years presenting with syncope and atypical chest pain were included. All patients underwent coronary angiography to identify ischemic causes of bradyarrhythmias. Temporary pacemaker dependency was monitored for two weeks, and permanent pacemaker implantation was performed if necessary. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and the association between heart block reversibility and clinical variables was assessed using the Chi-square test, with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.5 ± 14.8 years, with 60% male and 40% female patients. The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and smoking was 40%, 55%, and 43%, respectively. CHB occurred in 7% of patients aged 16-35 years and 8% in those aged 36-65 years. The overall reversibility rate of CHB was 48%. A statistically significant association (p &lt; 0.05) was found between second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block and CHB in relation to reversibility. Conclusion: Complete heart block in patients with acute myocardial infarction is often reversible, particularly in those with mild coronary artery disease. Temporary pacemaker use should be considered before deciding on permanent pacemaker implantation to allow time for potential spontaneous recovery.

Analysis of Reverse Whirl Characteristics of a Rub-Impact Rotor System

The rub-impact fault between the rotor and stator of the aeroengine can lead to a reverse whirl phenomenon, which will induce the instability of the rotor system. This paper uses the bending–torsion coupled vibration signal to analyze the reverse whirl characteristics of the single-rotor system under single-disc and multidisc rub-impact faults. In the full-spectrum analysis of the bending direction, the reverse whirl frequency, which is the nonpower frequency component caused by rubbing, is found. This whirl frequency leads to the period-doubling bifurcation and the reverse whirl phenomenon of the system. In the analysis of the torsional direction, it is found that the torsional signal can better reflect the different types of rub-impact faults. Further research shows that the unbalanced phase between the rubbing discs is a crucial parameter influencing the bending–torsion coupled vibration and the whirl characteristics of the rotor system. An experimental platform with nonuniform clearance is designed and manufactured to reproduce the reverse whirl phenomenon. The reverse whirl motion near the second-order superharmonic resonance speed is designed to verify the mechanism of the reverse whirl.

Weak magnetism of Martian impact basins may reflect cooling in a reversing dynamo

Understanding the longevity of Mars’s dynamo is key to interpreting the planet’s atmospheric loss history and the properties of its deep interior. Satellite data showing magnetic lows above many large impact basins formed 4.1-3.7 billion years ago (Ga) have been interpreted as evidence that Mars’s dynamo terminated before 4.1 Ga—at least 0.4 Gy before intense late Noachian/early Hesperian hydrological activity. However, evidence for a longer-lived, reversing dynamo from young volcanics and the Martian meteorite ALH 84001 supports an alternative interpretation of Mars’s apparently demagnetized basins. To understand how a reversing dynamo would affect basin fields, here we model the cooling and magnetization of 200-2200 km diameter impact basins under a range of Earth-like reversal frequencies. We find that magnetic reversals efficiently reduce field strengths above large basins. In particular, if the magnetic properties of the Martian mantle are similar to most Martian meteorites and late remagnetization of the near surface is widespread, >90% of large ( > 800 km diameter) basins would appear demagnetized at spacecraft altitudes. This ultimately implies that Mars’s apparently demagnetized basins do not require an early dynamo cessation. A long-lived and reversing dynamo, unlike alternative scenarios, satisfies all available constraints on Mars’s magnetic history.

Observational learning and firm dynamics

AbstractThis article investigates the implications of observational learning for firm dynamics. Because consumers learn through past purchase decisions, monopolistic firms can induce information cascades through prices. We characterize when cascades arise and argue that the fragile nature of cascades is reflected in firm‐level data. We measure fragility using reversals: periods when a firm with historically stable revenues experiences a large, sudden change in earnings. We document a robust pattern that the frequency of reversals among stable firms declines with age, and show a calibration exercise delivers an untargeted age profile in line with the data. Finally, efficiency is discussed.

Surface degradation of epoxy resin exposed to corona discharge under bipolar square wave field: From phenomenon to the insights

The unavoidable corona discharge induced by distorted field is detrimental to the safety of power equipment, especially the equipment with high voltage magnitude and high frequency. In this paper, the degradation morphology, residual components, lifetime of endurance, partial discharge characteristics, and evolution of surface traps of epoxy insulation under bipolar square wave field is investigated. The results show that degraded zone exhibits as three layers with round pits and channel-like ravines on the surface of epoxy resin exposed to corona discharge. It is demonstrated that more oxygen element during corona discharge while more carbon element during breakdown appeared, and nano-Al2O3 fillers migrates to the discharged zone. The maximum temperature and number of emitted phonons increase with voltage amplitude and frequency in power law and exponential form, respectively, corresponding to the fitting function of endurance lifetime. The emitted light is concentrated on the near ultraviolet (UV) and infrared ray (IR) band, indicating the energy pooling and thermal effect of corona discharge, which interprets the distinct degradation behavior of samples under sinusoidal and bipolar square wave voltage. The effect of space charge and thermal conductivity should be considered simultaneously in the degradation of epoxy insulation under bipolar square wave field due to polarity reversal and high frequency, which is proved by the disparate behavior of EP/nano-Al2O3 composites resistance to corona discharge and the breakdown moment at falling edge of bipolar square wave voltage. This work may contribute to the advancement of resistance to corona discharge degradation in equipment with high power density, high voltage amplitude and high frequency.

Environmental damping and vibrational coupling of confined fluids within isolated carbon nanotubes

Because of their large surface areas, nanotubes and nanowires demonstrate exquisite mechanical coupling to their surroundings, promising advanced sensors and nanomechanical devices. However, this environmental sensitivity has resulted in several ambiguous observations of vibrational coupling across various experiments. Herein, we demonstrate a temperature-dependent Radial Breathing Mode (RBM) frequency in free-standing, electron-diffraction-assigned Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWNTs) that shows an unexpected and thermally reversible frequency downshift of 10 to 15%, for systems isolated in vacuum. An analysis based on a harmonic oscillator model assigns the distinctive frequency cusp, produced over 93 scans of 3 distinct DWNTs, along with the hyperbolic trajectory, to a reversible increase in damping from graphitic ribbons on the exterior surface. Strain-dependent coupling from self-tensioned, suspended DWNTs maintains the ratio of spring-to-damping frequencies, producing a stable saturation of RBM in the low-tension limit. In contrast, when the interior of DWNTs is subjected to a water-filling process, the RBM thermal trajectory is altered to that of a Langmuir isobar and elliptical trajectories, allowing measurement of the enthalpy of confined fluid phase change. These mechanisms and quantitative theory provide new insights into the environmental coupling of nanomechanical systems and the implications for devices and nanofluidic conduits.

Conversion or reversion of interferon gamma release assays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) are widely used for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection. However, with repeat testing, IGRA transformation (conversion or reversion) may be detected and is challenging to interpret. We reviewed the frequency of and risk factors for IGRA transformation. We screened public databases for studies of human participants that reported the frequency of IGRA transformation. We extracted study and subject characteristics, details of IGRA testing and results. We calculated the pooled frequency of IGRA transformation (and transient transformation) and examined associated risk factors. The pooled frequency of IGRA conversion or reversion from 244 studies was estimated at 7.3% (95% CI 6.1-8.5%) or 22.8% (20.1-25.7%), respectively. Transient conversion or reversion were estimated at 46.0% (35.7-56.4%) or 19.6% (9.2-31.7%) of conversion or reversion events respectively. Indeterminate results seldom reverted to positive (1.2% [0.1-3.5%]). IGRA results in the borderline positive or negative range were associated with increased risk of conversion or reversion (pooled OR: conversion, 4.15 [3.00-5.30]; reversion, 4.06 [3.07-5.06]). BCG vaccination was associated with decreased risk of conversion (0.70, 0.56-0.84), cigarette smoking with decreased risk of reversion (0.44, 0.06-0.82), and female sex with decreased risk of either conversion or reversion (conversion, 0.66 [0.58-0.75]; reversion, 0.46 [0.31-0.61]). IGRA conversion is less common than reversion, and frequently transient. Research is needed to determine whether individuals with reversion would benefit from tuberculosis preventive treatment. Re-testing of people with indeterminate results is probably not indicated, since indeterminate results seldom revert to positive.

Lanthanum nitrate demonstrated no genotoxicity in the conducted tests

Given the widespread applications in industrial and agricultural production, the health effects of rare earth elements (REEs) have garnered public attention, and the genotoxicity of REEs remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the genetic effects of lanthanum nitrate, a typical representative of REEs, with guideline-compliant in vivo and in vitro methods. Genotoxicity assays, including the Ames test, comet assay, mice bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus test, spermatogonial chromosomal aberration test, and sperm malformation assay were conducted to assess mutagenicity, chromosomal damage, DNA damage, and sperm malformation. In the Ames test, no statistically significant increase in bacterial reverse mutation frequencies was found as compared with the negative control. Mice exposed to lanthanum nitrate did not exhibit a statistically significant increase in bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus frequencies, spermatogonial chromosomal aberration frequencies, or sperm malformation frequencies compared to the negative control (P > 0.05). Additionally, after a 24-h treatment with lanthanum nitrate at concentrations of 1.25, 5, and 20 μg/ml, no cytotoxicity was observed in CHL cells. Furthermore, the comet assay results indicate no significant DNA damage was observed even after exposure to high doses of lanthanum nitrate (20 μg/ml). In conclusion, our findings suggest that lanthanum nitrate does not exhibit genotoxicity.

A Global Paleosecular Variation Database for the Paleogene: Stationary Secular Variation Behavior Since the Triassic?

AbstractPaleosecular variation analysis is a primary tool for characterizing ancient geomagnetic behavior and its evolution through time. This study presents a new high‐quality directional data set, paleosecular variation of the Paleogene (PSVP), with and without correction for serial correlation, compiled from 1,667 sites from 45 different localities from the Paleogene and late Cretaceous (84–23 Ma). The data set is used to study the variability, structure, and latitude dependence of the geomagnetic field during that period by varying selection criteria and PSV models. Modeled values for the equatorial virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) dispersion have over‐lapping uncertainty intervals within their uncertainty bounds between 8.3° and 18.6° for the past 250 Ma. We investigate the suitability of two descriptive models of PSV, Model G‐style quadratic fits and covariant Giant Gaussian Process models, and find that both styles of model fail to satisfactorily reproduce the latitude dependent morphology of PSV, but suggest that estimates of the equatorial VGP dispersion may still robustly characterize aspects of Earth's long‐term field morphology. During this time where the PSV behavior has not changed substantially, the reversal frequency has varied widely. The lack of a clear relationship between PSV behavior and reversal frequency is not trivially explained in the context of published findings regarding numerical geodynamo simulations.

Ayurvedic Management of Traumatic tympanic membrane perforation

Traumatic tympanic membrane perforations are common in Otolaryngological practice. These perforations can be due to direct penetrating trauma, infections or due to eustachian tube disorders. These perforations can lead to reversible high frequency deafness, tinnitus and vertigo. Small perforations heal spontaneously within three months after the injury while large perforations are treated with myringoplasty. This is a case report of 35year old female patient who presented to Shalakya OPD with complaints of sudden onset of earache and reduced clarity of hearing in left ear, since 7 days. The tympanic membrane was ruptured. While compairing the size of perforation relative to circumference of the tympamic membrane, it was observed to be a large sized perforation affecting 50% of tympamic membrane. Large sized perforations are usually considered non healing as it exert influence on the malleus and umbo at tympanic membrane insertion and would interrupt the sound conducting mechanism. She was managed conservatively with Ayurveda treatment. Karnalepa applied over the pre auricular and mastoid region makes the healing fast and effective. Karnapichu, the modified form of karnapoorana provides a much larger skin contact time with controlled release of drugs.The case report shows the effect of local and systemic medication in the form of Murivenna karnapichu. The healing of tympanic membrane occurred within one month of follow up.

Enhanced heat transfer and reduced flow reversals in turbulent thermal convection with an obstructed centre

We report an experimental study about the effect of an obstructed centre on heat transport and flow reversal by inserting an adiabatic cylinder at the centre of a quasi-two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection cell. The experiments are carried out in a Rayleigh number ( $Ra$ ) range of $2\times 10^7 \leq Ra \leq 2\times 10^9$ and at a Prandtl number ( $Pr$ ) of $5.7$ . It is found that for low $Ra$ , the obstructed centre leads to a heat transfer enhancement of up to 21 $\%$ , while as $Ra$ increases, the magnitude of the heat transfer enhancement decreases and the heat transfer efficiency ( $Nu$ ) eventually converges to that of the unobstructed normal cell. Particle image velocimetry measurements show that the heat transfer enhancement originates from the change in flow topology due to the presence of the cylindrical obstruction. In the low- $Ra$ regime the presence of the obstruction promotes the transition of the flow topology from the four-roll state to the abnormal single-roll state then to the normal single-roll state with increasing obstruction size. While in the high- $Ra$ regime, the flow is always in the single-roll state regardless of the obstruction size, although the flow becomes more coherent with the size of the obstruction. We also found that in the presence of the cylindrical obstruction, the stability of the corner vortices is significantly reduced, leading to a large reduction in the frequency of flow reversals.

Experimental study on the effect of inverted aperture plate temperature on frosting characteristics under rising flow considering edge effect

To reduce the negative impact of frost formation on cold surfaces in low-temperature environments, metal wire mesh can be set in the air flow direction from the cold surface to reduce air humidity. To quantitatively determine the effectiveness of dehumidification after passing through a metal wire, the frosting process needs to be studied. To analyze the mechanism of frost formation under the horizontal wire mesh surface, the wire mesh was simplified as a flat plate with holes, or aperture plate, with plate temperature varying at a range of -15.0 °C to -5.0 °C. The results show that, as the plate temperature decreases, the droplet condensation and growth and droplet solidification stages gradually decrease, the average frost layer thickness and frost layer growth rate rise, and overall frost layer surface roughness increases. For a frosting duration of 1,800 s, compared to -5.0 °C, the average frost layer thickness from -7.5 °C to -15.0 °C inside the hole increased by 56.68 % and 156.41 %, while the plate edge region away from the hole increased by 40.76 % and 169.92 %, respectively. The reverse melting frequency gap between the inside hole region and the plate edge region away from the hole increases with the decreasing aperture plate temperature. At -15.0 °C, the reverse melting frequency inside the hole is 5.00 × 10−3 Hz lower than in the region of the plate edge away from the hole. The results of this article are beneficial for understanding the frosting process of wire mesh or perforated-fin heat exchanger.

Numerical modeling of periodic airflow reversal with variable air supply velocity for optimal forced-air cooling of apples

Airflow distribution inside fruit packages is the primary factor responsible for improving the cooling characteristics of a forced-air cooling system. Often, while focusing on one cooling parameter optimization, the effects of other cooling parameters are ignored, which are essential for an optimized cooling system. The present study analyzed the effects of flow velocity variations combined with flow reversals on primary cooling characteristics (i.e., cooling rate, cooling uniformity, and energy consumption) with both individual and multi-parameter optimization using numerical modeling. A simulation approach is proposed for combined velocity variations and flow reversals, providing consistent results with the experimental data. Fifteen cooling plans were formulated based on the number of flow reversals, reversal frequency, and velocity variation analysis. The analysis shows that energy consumption based on pressure drop increased significantly when airflow velocity exceeded 2 m/s. The cooling rates were higher for higher velocity (i.e., 3 m/s); however, the energy consumption tripled when compared to 2 m/s. Therefore, some cooling strategies are suggested based on cooling rates and energy consumption, and appropriate compromises are made between both for an optimal system. Similarly, optimized cooling strategies were selected based on cooling uniformity analysis with different tools. The overall heterogeneity index calculated based on three-dimensional surface heterogeneity maps showed the highest uniformities in all plans involving flow reversals. Finally, some novel cooling strategies are proposed from cooling plans analyzed using multi-parameter optimization, considering cooling rates, cooling uniformity, and energy consumption as primary performance parameters.

Mathematical modeling of mechanosensitive reversal control in Myxococcus xanthus.

Adjusting motility patterns according to environmental cues is important for bacterial survival. Myxococcus xanthus, a bacterium moving on surfaces by gliding and twitching mechanisms, modulates the reversal frequency of its front-back polarity in response to mechanical cues like substrate stiffness and cell-cell contact. In this study, we propose that M. xanthus's gliding machinery senses environmental mechanical cues during force generation and modulates cell reversal accordingly. To examine our hypothesis, we expand an existing mathematical model for periodic polarity reversal in M. xanthus, incorporating the experimental data on the intracellular dynamics of the gliding machinery and the interaction between the gliding machinery and a key polarity regulator. The model successfully reproduces the dependence of cell reversal frequency on substrate stiffness observed in M. xanthus gliding. We further propose reversal control networks between the gliding and twitching motility machineries to explain the opposite reversal responses observed in wild type M. xanthus cells that possess both motility mechanisms. These results provide testable predictions for future experimental investigations. In conclusion, our model suggests that the gliding machinery in M. xanthus can function as a mechanosensor, which transduces mechanical cues into a cell reversal signal.

Frequency of medical reversals in high-impact spine journals

Frequency of medical reversals in high-impact spine journals

Frequency adaptive conductivity measurement based on reverse approximation

Accurately measuring the solution conductivity is important both for environmental assessment and process monitoring. A reverse approximation frequency adaptive conductivity test method is proposed in this paper. This method avoids the complex calculation of the time constant τ of the first-order resistance-capacitance network and eliminates the influence of the accessory capacitance on the measurement results to the greatest extent. Through 9 groups of optimal frequency selection experiments, the optimal measurement frequency of R1 and Rx fixed ratio in a certain range is obtained. The optimal measurement frequency and dimensionless relationship model constitute a complete frequency adaptive solution conductivity measurement method.Through comparative analysis, the mean absolute percentage error of the measurement results is 2.65%, which not only improves the measurement accuracy of the existing self-developed equipment but also provides a new solution to solve the influence of additional capacitance in the conductivity measurement process.