Reverse Video Research Articles

Reverse Thinking for Forward Learning: The Online Reverse Video Challenge as a Conceptual Alternative to Simulated Work-integrated Learning

The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-10) which was declared a pandemic in March 2020 has disrupted learning programmes that rely extensively on work-integrated learning (WIL). This article reflects on the use of the 2016 online reverse video challenge as a remote learning alternative to WIL in the technical theatre stream of the Diploma in Performing Arts at the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT). A reversed intention practice-based assessment (or reverse video assessment) project was designed for the students to approximate the skills required for theatre technicians. This article is a conceptual exploration of the reverse video assessment design that involved exploring trends in reverse footage on online platforms and the professional practice of renowned South African artist and theatre maker, William Kentridge. The needs of contemporary South African students to be “tech-savvy” while faced with limited resources, was aligned with the requirements of the embedded simulated WIL curriculum. The reverse video assessment adopted a design research approach through the lens of play theory to conceptualise the edutainment approach to learning to relieve student anxiety during the pandemic. The assessment focused on three stages of development, namely, abstract thinking, three-dimensional object manipulation, and sequential organisation, which collectively result in a pragmatic creative process. The article will contribute to the remote learning body of knowledge which has come under greater focus during the pandemic. The ongoing pandemic necessitates a remote learning alternative to WIL to ensure continued learning without risking the health of students. The flexible nature of the reverse video assessment allows for the application thereof to different fields and levels of study

Does Awareness of either Psychotropic Medication or Behavioral Interventions Bias College Students’ Ratings of a Child’s Behavior?

ABSTRACT Caregiver awareness that a child receives either psychotropic medication or behavioral intervention could bias that caregiver’s perception of the child’s behavior and give rise to incorrect conclusions about intervention effectiveness. To evaluate bias for the effects of either medication or behavioral intervention, we randomly assigned 114 participants to one of the four groups: Medication information (Med info), Behavioral information (Beh info), No change (control group), and Reverse video (Rev Vid; also no change, but participants watched videos in the reverse order). Participants watched two 5-min video clips of a child engaging in low to moderate levels of problem behavior. After watching the first video, participants rated the child’s problem behavior. Before viewing the second video, participants were informed that (a) the child received medication (Med info group), (b) the child received behavioral intervention (Beh info group), or (c) no treatment changes were made (No change groups). Results show that providing treatment information did not bias participants’ ratings of the child’s behavior. Instead, results indicate participants in the control groups correctly tracked actual changes in the child’s behavior.

Fluorescent logic systems for sensing and molecular computation: structure-activity relationships in edge-detection.

Molecular logic-based computation continues to throw up new applications in sensing and switching, the newest of which is the edge detection of objects. The scope of this phenomenon is mapped out by the use of structure-activity relationships, where several structures of the molecules and of the objects are examined. The different angles and curvatures of the objects are followed with good fidelity in the visualized edges, even when the objects are in reverse video.

Improving searching and reading performance: the effect of highlighting and text color coding

A message presentation and processing model is presented here. It was used, in two experiments, to study how different types of highlighting and text display color combinations affect reading performance. We found that highlighting can significantly improve table searching and that the best highlighting method was color, followed by reverse video and blinking. When different color combinations were used for textual display, the reading speed was higher but the visual preference was lower for situations in which the foreground luminance was lower than the background luminance or the foreground chroma was lower than the background chroma. Hue combinations also affected both visual preference and reading speed, but did not override the dominant impacts of luminance and chroma contrast. The color impact on visual preference was not consistent with its impact on reading speed. Based on these findings, design guidelines are proposed.

Anatomical Structures in the Leksell Pallidotomy Target

Objective: Because interruption of pallidal outflow signals by pallidotomy is believed to play an important role in the motor improvement in Parkinson’s disease, the anatomical relationship of the two major pallidofugal tracts, namely the ansa lenticularis (AL) and the fasciculus lenticularis (FL) to the Leksell pallidotomy target (LPT) were studied. Methods: Magnetic resonance (MR) scans of 20 patients with Parkinson’s disease were studied. The scans were obtained in the inversion recovery and fast spin echo sequences and viewed in the reverse video mode. Results: The pallidofugal tracts appeared as bands of high intensity on MR scan. FL was wide and extended from the posterior half of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) medially into the internal capsule. AL was narrow, parallel and posterior to the anterior commissure, parallel to and 3 mm above the optic tract, and just beneath the FL. The part of the FL immediately lateral to the internal capsule overlapped the lateral end of the AL. The center of this overlapping area was termed the ‘operlapping point’ (OP). In all cases, the OP was within the range of LPT. Conclusion: It is concluded that the structures in the LPT are FL and AL; and therefore, this procedure could also be known as ‘fasciculoansatomy’.

Beyond the Trees

In early 1991, the Chicago-Kent Law Library embarked on a project to change the nature of the Information Center- to increase its efficiency and effectveness, to improve its cash position and, most of all, to remove the physical barriers presents not only by the building, but the very books and aterias themselves . This was when the Information Center began to offer access to its own materials electronically. The goals of the projecyt are outlines. The changes are analysed

Effects of six different highlighting modes on visual search performance in menu options

Highlighting (HI), for example of menu options, is usually considered as improving information processing efficiency. Particularly relevant are the attention effects of valid (target) highlighting, when contrasted with the effects of highlighting distracting information (invalid HI). A visual search experiment was conducted to analyze the requirements of such an overall performance gain under valid HI. The efficiency of six different modes of highlighting (brightness increase, reverse video, color [red], reverse color, blue‐on‐yellow, and red‐on‐green) on a black screen background was determined. Sixty‐two subjects indicated the presence of a prespecified menu option in a list of CAD menu options, of which a subset was highlighted on every trial. Also varied was familiarity of highlighting. Dependent measures were the absolute performance scores (search time and accuracy) and highlighting benefits. Significant absolute performance differences between the modes were found. They were accompanied by a marked...

Highlighting in Alphanumeric Displays: The Efficacy of Monochrome Methods

Highlighting is used to attract attention to displayed information. Prior work has called into question the efficacy reverse video as a highlighting method in alphanumeric displays. Brightness is highly recommended in guideline documents, but no empirical study of its efficacy in alphanumeric displays has been published. An experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of these methods in monochromatic, alphanumeric displays. Search time was significantly faster for reverse video than for high intensity highlighting. Reverse video may attract attention better than high intensity video. Heavy use of reverse video may aid in the systematic search of unhighlighted items. The results are analyzed in terms of a mathematical model.

The development of a third generation system for entering microbiology data into a clinical laboratory information system.

Increased demands on technologists' time and the desire to have electronic storage of patient information have led to numerous computer-based efforts to manage microbiology data. Our approach to the design of a new microbiology subsystem has been to maximize the functionality without requiring unusual input devices. DEC VT100-compatible terminals are used for data entry and display. Data are displayed taking advantage of such features of these terminals as reverse video, highlighting, and scroll windowing. Numerous single-key instructions for invoking functions and changing cursor positions have been implemented to minimize keystrokes and to anticipate the entry sequences of the technologists. A program that allows the quick location and display of specimens and results is also included in the package.

Microprocessor Based Process Display System for Mine Winder

This paper discusses the Implementation of a process display of a mine winder operation. Suitable hardware and software are developed and tested, to display the two speed profiles of the mine winder. The data corresponding to the motion of the cage in mine shaft is received on a current loop interface and the speed and depth values are displayed. Suitable overspeed and overwind alarms and tripping conditions are displayed in blinking and reverse video blinking formats respectively.

Computer Screen Design Strategies

Computer screen design has some features in common with printed page de sign and some very different features as well. Basic communication techniques, such as conciseness, clarity, and consistency, are still important, as are use of short sentences and paragraphs, common diction, itemizing, headings, and white space. The different features of the electronic medium, such as varied color, reverse video, scrolling and other movement, sound, and automatic spacing, can cause some problems for users if not designed effec tively. This paper will discuss strategies for effective computer screen design based on the research on screen format and screen readability, and the use of graphics features and color. Both novice and experienced computer users can benefit from this information.

Reading instruction and remediation with the aid of computer speech

In this paper, we describe the application of new computer and speech synthesis technologies for reading instruction. Stories are presented on the computer screen, and readers may desig­ nate words or parts of words that they cannot read for immediate speech feedback. The impor­ tant contingency between speech sounds and their corresponding letter patterns is emphasized by displaying the letter patterns in reverse video as they are spoken. Speech feedback is provided by an advanced text-to-speech synthesizer (DECtalk). Intelligibility data are presented, showing that DECtalk can be understood almost as well as natural human speech by both normal adults and reading disabled children. Preliminary data from 26 disabled readers indicate that there are significant benefits of speech feedback for reading comprehension and word recognition, and that children enjoy reading with the system.

Optimizing the Set of Highlighted Options on Video Display Terminal Menus

Highlighting is typically used to draw individuals' attention to a particular area or word on a video display terminal menu. In many cases it serves a useful function. For example, highlighting can potentially speed the search for important information. However, highlighting can also slow the search for important information. Clearly, the function of highlighting is subverted when search times are slowed. The objective of the research to be reported is to develop a method for determining the optimal set of highlighted options in alphanumeric menus. This optimal set is defined as that set of options which produces the fastest search times for a given menu. The method can be used for any combination of highlighting attributes (e.g., reverse video, blinking, color).

The effect of spatial arrangement, upper‐lower case letter combinations, and reverse video on patron response to CRT displayed catalog records

AbstractUsing the paired comparison technique, each of 340 library patrons evaluated two versions of a single bibliographic record displayed on an ADDS Regent CRT. One display represented the standard, Library of Congress (LC) format, the other represented one of 15 variations in format of the same title. Both the sequence and selection of the two displays were randomized. The reaction time of the patrons to locating selected bibliographic elements and their ratings of the displays with respect to (a) readability, (b) logical arrangement of data, (c) pleasibility, and (d) overall preference were analyzed. Overall preference for a display was positively correlated with response time (rs = 0.67) for locating a specific field within the record. Analysis of variance indicated that preferences were primarily influenced by the spatial arrangement of the displays with both the side heading label and underlining being preferred over the LC forms. Generally, the patrons preferred the use of a combination of upper and lower case letters to the exclusive use of lower case letters only. Differences between upper and lower case letter combinations and upper case only letters were not statistically significant for all criterion variables. No statistical significance existed regarding black characters on a white background or the reverse situation.

Behavioural data in the design of ergonomic computer terminals and workstations—a case study

Abstract Manufacturers of office automation equipment, in their design of ergonomic computer terminals and office furniture, are encountering needed design data which is sometimes weak, absent, erroneous or inapplicable to the office-worker situation under consideration. In some instances, office automation manufacturers simply follow standards. In others, manufacturers make assumptions as to the best design, and in others, design decisions were based on testing results and conclusions.This paper reviews the ergonomic tools and features incorporated into the design of one office automation manufacturer's terminals and workstations. The short fall of applicable design data relevant to comfort versus extremes of motion in biomechanics, to keyboard home row height and slope angle to viewing distance, as well as to reverse video and surface colour are presented, along with the design resolution of these parameters. Further, certain aspects of posture recently published are discussed.

Effects of Patterning on Flicker Frequency

Flicker was studied as perceived on a raster-scan CRT-based computer terminal in a typical use environment. The subject of the research was the relationship between the perception of flicker and the kind of spatial image presented. Both traditional images (filled white disks or squares) and images consisting of text and line drawings, similar in content to typical graphic computer terminal displays, were used in the study. This study measured the flicker perception of eight people. The most significant finding from this study was that CFF thresholds for some images presented on CRT displays in a typical use setting, differed significantly from more traditional images used in most CFF studies reported in the literature. For the eight images tested, the two which exhibited significantly higher CFF thresholds were lines or text on a black background (patterns 3 and 4). Therefore, an important factor to be considered in the prediction of the flicker characteristics of a 60 Hertz, noninterlaced CRT display in conditions similar to those of this study is the choice of normal video (black background) or reverse video format. The white background video format is likely to flicker when the display luminance is above 20 ft-L while the black background video format threshold was about 80 ft-L for both patterns 3 and 4. Alternatively, this luminance difference corresponds to about a 10 Hertz shift in CFF. In this study, the choice of video format alone, resulted in a luminance difference of 60 ft-L at CFF, or alternatively, resulted in a 10 Hertz shift in CFF at a particular luminance, for images normally found on actual CRT displays.