Reverse Triangle Research Articles

Relationship between cortical fragments and avascular necrosis of femoral head in young adult femoral neck fractures based on CT imaging

To explore the effect of femoral neck cortical fragments and surfacial area on avascular necrosis(AVN) after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures based on CT imaging in young adult. From January 2011 to January 2021, 218 young and middle-aged patients with femoral neck fractures were reverse triangle fixed with three cannulated lag screws, including 104 males and 114 females;aged 19 to 60 years old with a mean of (48.22±10.58) years old. The preoperative waiting time≤48 h was 155 cases, and the preoperative waiting time> 48 h was 63 cases; 68 cases were comminuted cortex of the femoral neck, 32 of them with superficial area of the comminuted cortex>25 mm2. All patients were followed up for at least 2 years, the age, gender, injury side, body mass index, injury mechanism, preoperative waiting time, operation time, Garden classification, whether femoral neck cortex fracture and size by CT analysis and complications were analyzed the correlation to the definite occurrence of AVN. The AVN group and the non-AVN group were divided according to the final efficacy results.Univariate analysis yielded significant independent variables, Multiple Logistic regression analysis was further performed to identify the independent risk factors for AVN. By univariate analysis, the AVN and non-AVN groups were significant in injury mechanism(χ2=18.552, P=0.000), preoperative waiting time( χ2=2.065, P=0.033), Garden classification (χ2=12.598, P=0.006), comminuted cortex (χ2=16.357, P=0.000), and the superficial area of the comminuted cortex(χ2=23.371, 0.000, P=0.000). Multiple Logistic regression indicated injury mechanism high energy injury[Exp(B)=3.487, 95%CI(1.583, 10.464), P=0.002], comminuted cortex of the femoral neck[Exp(B)=2.494, 95%CI(1.315, 10.861), P=0.002];the superficial area of the comminuted cortex>25 mm2[Exp(B)=22.161, 95%CI(3.922, 1242.828), P=0.001] were independent risk factors for AVN after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. High energy injury mechanism, with comminuted cortex of the femoral neck and the superficial area of the comminuted cortex> 25 mm2 were independent risk factors for AVN.The larger the superficial area of the cortex fragment may suggest more complicated injury mechanism and worse outcome.

Constraining the evolutionary stages of a hypogene karst system by combining morphological, geochemical and geochronological data - the example of carbonate breccia-hosted Melnička Peštera

A combination of morphological observations, geochemical data from calcite minerals and geochronology by burial age dating and U-series is used to constrain the geological and geomorphological setting and the evolutionary stages of a hypogene karst system. This methodological suit is applied to Melnička Peštera, a horizontal cave developed in carbonate breccia overlying dolomite marble in Melnica locality (N. Macedonia), where hydrothermal karst development occurred in both dolomite and calcite marble. The passage morphology of the cave, having a reverse triangle, Laughöhle cross-sections, suggests development near the water table by slowly moving waters. Calcite crusts are found throughout the cave, and based on their relationship to passage morphology, appear to pre-date main horizontal passage formation. Their carbonate stable and clumped isotope and fluid inclusion noble gas compositions indicate cooling of the hydrothermal system with an increased contribution of shallower groundwater. U-series data suggests Early Pleistocene deposition of the calcite crusts. Water table notches and convectional features carved into breccia bedrock and calcite crusts point to subsequent development at and above the water table by condensation corrosion. The solutional aggressiveness near the water table was likely related to CO2, that previously degassed from the deeper parts of the system where calcite was depositing, and redissolved in the cooler, shallower waters. Due to poor connection with the surface, the cave air above the water table likely had high pCO2, that further helped to maintain aggressiveness of the groundwater at the water-air contact, and boosted condensation corrosion above it, preventing deposition of related secondary calcite minerals. The cave-hosting carbonate breccia deposited as an alluvial fan filling up a paleovalley cut into Upper Miocene sediments. Cosmogenic nuclide burial age dating of quartz fragments confirms Early Pliocene age for the breccia, and constrains the paleovalley incision to Late Miocene, likely related to base level lowering caused by the Messinian Salinity Crisis.

Biomechanical performance of talon cannulated compression device in pauwels type III fractures: a comparative study

IntroductionPauwels Type III fractures are unstable and frequently treated with cannulated screws (CS) or dynamic hip screws (DHS). The newly developed talon-cannulated compression devices (TCCD) have the potential to provide rotational stability, mainly through their talon. The study investigates whether TCCD has mechanical advantages over conventional screws or can be as stable as DHS in a reverse triangle configuration for an unstable femoral neck fracture. Material and methodsAfter creating a standard Pauwels Type III unstable femoral neck fracture in 36 synthetic femur bones in cortical/hard cancellous bone density, 18 were reserved for dynamic-static tests, and 18 were used for torsional tests. Each group containing 18 synthetic bones was divided into three groups to apply three different fixation materials (CS, DHS, and TCCD), with six models in each group. The displacement amounts after dynamic-static tests were measured using the AutoCAD program according to the reference measurement criteria. During the dynamic tests, a series of photographs were taken. During the static tests, the beginning and post-test photographs were taken. Finally, torsional tests were performed until implant failure occurred in the synthetic femur. ResultsIn static axial loading tests, TCDD was found to be statistically superior to conventional CS in AL-BL distance (p = 0,014) and CL distance (p = 0,013) measurements, and there was no significant difference between the other groups. There was no significant difference between all groups in dynamic axial compression tests in any points of interest. In torsional tests, TCCD outperformed cannulated screws in stiffness (p = 0,001) and maximum torque (p = 0,001) categories, and they provided statistically significant superiority to DHS in yield torque (p<0,001) category. ConclusionsBiomechanically, TCCD predominates conventional cannulated screws in femoral neck fractures. TCCD also has superior torsional properties than DHS in the yield torque category. Therefore, TCCD could be the implant of choice for unstable femoral neck fractures.

Characterization of p-Banach Spaces Based on a Reverse Triangle Inequality

Characterization of p-Banach Spaces Based on a Reverse Triangle Inequality

A Modified Reverse Right-angled Triangle Osteotomy Using the Lateral Approach for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Cubitus Varus Deformity in Children.

Cubitus varus deformity is a complex 3-dimensional deformity. Various osteotomies have been introduced to correct this deformity, however, there is no consensus on the best procedure to correct the deformity while avoiding complications. In this retrospective study, we used a modified inverse right-angled triangle osteotomy to treat 22 children with posttraumatic cubitus varus deformity. The primary objective was to evaluate this technique by presenting its clinical and radiologic results. Twenty-two consecutive patients with a cubitus varus deformity underwent a modified reverse right-angled triangle osteotomy between October 2017 and May 2020 and were then followed for a minimum of 24 months. We evaluated its clinical and radiologic results. Functional outcomes were assessed using Oppenheim criteria. The average follow-up period was 34.6 months (range, 24.0 to 58.1 months). The mean range of motion was 4.32 degrees (range, 0 degrees to 15 degrees)/122.73 degrees (range, 115 degrees to 130 degrees) (hyperextension/flexion) before surgery and 2.05 degrees (range, 0 degrees to 10 degrees)/127.27 degrees (range, 120 degrees to 145 degrees) at the final follow-up. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences between the flexion and hyperextension angles before surgery and at the final follow-up. Based on Oppenheim criteria, results were excellent for 20, good for 2, and none of the patients had poor results. The mean humerus-elbow-wrist angle improved from 18.23 degrees (range, 10 degrees to 25 degrees) varus preoperatively to 8.45 degrees (range, 5 degrees to 15 degrees) valgus postoperatively (P < 0.05). The mean of the preoperative lateral condylar prominence index was 3.52 (range, 2.5 to 5.2) and the average postoperative lateral condylar prominence index was -3.28 (range, -1.3 to -6.0). All patients were pleased with the overall appearance of their elbows. The modified reverse right-angled triangle osteotomy can precisely and stably correct the deformity in the coronal and sagittal planes, we recommend this technique as a simple, safe, and reliable correction of cubitus varus deformity. Level IV; case series; therapeutic studies-investigating the results of treatment.

Morphological Boundaries of the Parotid Gland in Koreans.

This study aimed to examine the accurate location and boundary of the parotid gland in Koreans.Forty hemifaces from embalmed cadavers (mean age: 73 years) were studied. The line connecting the porion, gonion, and gnathion was used as a reference line. To measure the boundary of the parotid gland, the Frankfort horizontal line was used as the x-axis, whereas the vertical line passing through the porion was used as the y-axis. All measurements were taken from the lateral side of the face.The parotid gland has a variety of shapes: irregular, reverse triangle, and falciform. In all specimens, the boundary of the parotid gland was located 20 to 60 mm below the Frankfort horizontal line and located 10 mm anterior to the y-axis. On average, the most anterior and posterior distances of the parotid gland from the porion-gonion line were 36.4 ± 13.9 mm and 20.1 ± 10.5 mm, respectively, and the most inferior distance of the parotid gland from the gonion-gnathion line was 9.8 ± 5.8 mm. All specimens of parotid glands were found within an area 20 to 40 mm below the Frankfort horizontal line and 10 mm to the left of the y-axis. The most anterior point of the parotid gland was observed at varying locations. The maximum value of the most anterior point was 61.26 mm; it rarely exceeded the ectocanthion. The most posterior points of the parotid gland were located between the mastoid process and sternocleidomastoid muscle.These results might be useful for preventing injury to the parotid gland during facial rejuvenation procedures.

Inequalities from Lorentz-Finsler norms

We show that Lorentz-Finsler geometry offers a powerful tool in obtaining inequalities. With this aim, we first point out that a series of famous inequalities such as: the (weighted) arithmetic-geometric mean inequality, Acz\'el's, Popoviciu's and Bellman's inequalities, are all particular cases of a reverse Cauchy-Schwarz, respectively, of a reverse triangle inequality holding in Lorentz-Finsler geometry. Then, we use the same method to prove some completely new inequalities, including two refinements of Acz\'el's inequality.

Forced convective heat transfer enhancement of 90° bend plate-fin heat sink with grid generated turbulence

This study numerically investigates the effects of grid-bars cross-sectional geometry and grid-fins arrangement to reshape the windward flow in promoting 90° bend plate-fin heat sink forced convection at Reynolds number 60.6 × 103. Three grid-bars cross-sections are proposed, namely: (i) reverse classic triangle (A), (ii) reverse flat-bottomed Reuleaux triangle (B), and (iii) reverse aerofoil (C), with regular grid of rectangular cross-section (G) as the control. The grid-fins configurations are structured as: (i) Inline-arranged regular grid (1), (ii) inline-arranged parallel grid (PG) (2), and (iii) staggered PG-fins (3). Results show that albeit the mild-decay in local-Nufin,L along the 90° bend, B2-grid gives the highest 57% overall system performance (a balance between Nufin and pressure coefficient) compared to the control without grid, interestingly, the G1 is −60%. Such achievement is attributed to the gradual curvature development along each bar that suppresses aerodynamic stall flow separation. The induced flow dynamic enables predominant channelling of air into fin separations. Most importantly, the vortex generation between the grid and fin strengthens the turbulence proximate to fin surface, hence enhances heat transfer. Overall, this study may shed light on the utilisation of B2-grid induced turbulence to promote an energy sustainable HVAC’s 90° bend finned-tube heat exchanger forced convection.

Timelike Hilbert and Funk geometries

A timelike space is a Hausdorff topological space equipped with a partial order relation < and a distance function ρ satisfying a collection of axioms including a set of compatibility conditions between the partial order relation and the distance function. The distance function is defined only on a subset of the product of the space with itself that contains the diagonal, namely, ρ(x,y) is defined if and only if x<y or x=y. Distances between pairs of distinct points in a triple x,y,z, whenever these distances are defined, satisfy the so-called time inequality, which is a reverse triangle inequality ρ(x,y)+ρ(y,z)≤ρ(z,y).In the 1960s, Herbert Busemann developed an axiomatic theory of timelike spaces and of locally timelike spaces. His motivation comes from the geometry underlying the theory of relativity, and he tried to adapt to this setting his geometric theory of metric spaces, namely, his theory of G-spaces (geodesic spaces). The classical example he considers is the n-dimensional Lorentzian space. Two other interesting classes of examples of timelike spaces he introduced are the timelike analogues of the Funk and Hilbert geometries. In this paper, we investigate these two geometries, and in doing this, we introduce variants of them, in particular the timelike relative Funk and Hilbert geometries, in the Euclidean and spherical settings. We describe the Finsler infinitesimal structure of each of these geometries (with an appropriate notion of Finsler structure) and we display the interactions among the Euclidean and timelike spherical geometries. In particular, we characterize the de Sitter geometry as a special case of a timelike spherical Hilbert geometry.

Ideal screw positions for multiple screw fixation in femoral neck fractures - Study of proximal femur morphology in a Japanese population.

Despite the fact that multiple screw fixation is a common option of surgical treatment for femoral neck fractures, there is a paucity of precise morphological study of the femoral neck. To identify appropriate positions and spacing of hip screws for multiple-screw femoral neck fracture fixation, proximal femur morphology in Japanese patients was studied. One hundred hips in fifty knee arthroplasty candidates were studied. Following full limb CT, defined slices were created and anatomical variables measured. The average neck-shaft angle was 126.5° and the distance from the subcapital line to the subchondral bone on a line parallel to the femoral neck axis (FNA) was approximately 25mm at the superior and inferior; borders of the femoral neck. The FNA was shown to run anterior to the femoral axis (FA). The cross section of the femoral neck forms a reverse right triangle. The height and width of the neck medullary canal were equal (approximately 25mm), with the posterior wall closer to the femoral axis than the anterior wall. Based on these data, the anterior screw positioned just above the calcar femorale, 16mm proximal and 27° anterior to the FA, and the posterior screw positioned 12mm proximal and 5mm posterior to the FA is recommended. For screws inserted with a fixed angle side-plate, ≤130° is recommended.

Displacement-based Mode Pushover Analysis of Self-anchored Cable-stayed Suspension Bridge

As being a typical multi-freedom degree system structure, self-anchored cablestayed suspension bridge is significantly affected by higher modes in the earthquake response. Traditional force-based pushover analysis of reverse triangle or uniform distribution patterns will lead* to a certain error for the results of pushover analysis of self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge. An improved method of displacement-based mode pushover analysis is presented in this paper by combining the two stage horizontal displacement pattern with mode pushover. This improved method can take the contributions of higher modes into account. And the applicability of the method can be verified commendably by the selected examples. Traditional force-based pushover analysis considers the seismic load is equivalent to lateral load. And it judges whether the deformation ability of the structure and component can meet the need of design and use function by analysing nonlinear response of structures under the monotonic increasing horizontal lateral load applied to the structure with a certain distribution mode. The selection of the lateral load distribution mode can directly affect the analysis results of the pushover method on the seismic performance of whole structure in traditional force-based pushover analysis. Moreover, the problem of stiffness degradation after failure is not taken into account in this traditional wide application method. Seismic hazard, experiment and theoretical analysis indicate structural collapse is mainly due to the lack of deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity during severer earthquake. In this case, the deformation capacity and the displacement response of structure will have an certain impact on the damage degree of structural members. Therefore, it is more reasonable to use displacement control on structural seismic response during severer earthquake[4]. Compared with the traditional force-based design, the displacement of structure can reflect the nonlinear reactive state more during severer earthquake, it also can control the behavior of structure better in earthquake. Consequently, the displacement-based seismic design method has been greatly developed[5-10]. There are three commonly used displacement-based seismic design method: ductility factor design, capacity spectrum and direct displacement-based design method. The basic thought of displacement-based mode pushover analysis is as follows: first, put monotonic increasing lateral displacement to bear on structure directly according to a certain horizontal displacement distribution mode, second, the final failure pattern of structure is obtained by pushover the structure to the target displacement, after that, whether the deformation ability of structure and component can meet the need of design and use function can be analyzed.

不同荷载形式下HCW耦连比计算

混合连肢剪力墙(HCW)是采用钢连梁代替传统钢筋混凝土连梁的一种结构。文章提出了通用于双肢和多肢剪力墙的耦连比概念，即耦连比表示连梁剪力产生的总约束弯矩与结构外部水平荷载产生的倾覆力矩的比值。文章推导出了均布荷载、倒三角形荷载和顶点集中荷载形式下耦连比的计算公式。实际工程计算表明，与传统方法相比，该计算方法更加简便、准确，为后续研究提供了基本参考。 Hybrid Coupled Walls use steel coupling beams instead of the traditional reinforced concrete beams. We put forward the general concept about coupling ratio in both double shear walls and multiple shear walls. It presents the proportion of system overturning moment produced by the structural external load resisted by the total constraint bending moment produced by shear forces of coupling beams. We also deduced the calculation formula of coupling ratio under uniform load, reverse triangle load and concentrated load. Actual engineering calculation showed that, compared with the traditional method, this calculation formula is more simple and accurate. This study provides a basic reference for subsequent research.

Bound on Bell inequalities by fraction of determinism and reverse triangle inequality

It is an established fact that entanglement is a resource. Sharing an entangled state leads to nonlocal correlations and to violations of Bell inequalities. Such nonlocal correlations illustrate the advantage of quantum resources over classical resources. In this paper, we quantitatively study Bell inequalities with $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}n$ inputs. As found in Gisin et al. [Int. J. Quantum. Inform. 05, 525 (2007)], quantum mechanical correlations cannot reach the algebraic bound for such inequalities. Here we uncover the heart of this effect, which we call the fraction of determinism. We show that any quantum statistics with two parties and $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}n$ inputs exhibit a nonzero fraction of determinism, and we supply a quantitative bound for it. We then apply it to provide an explicit universal upper bound for Bell inequalities with $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}n$ inputs. As our main mathematical tool, we introduce and prove a reverse triangle inequality, stating in a quantitative way that if some states are far away from a given state, then their mixture is also. The inequality is crucial in deriving the lower bound for the fraction of determinism, but is also of interest on its own.

How many futures on Finsler spacetime?

Some recent results by the author onthe geometry and dynamics of Finsler spacetimes are reviewed. It is shown that in Finslerian generalizations of general relativity the number of predicted lightlike cones is two, one past and one future, as in general relativity. This result is non-trivial as it can fail, for instance, in spacetime dimension two. It is also shown that suitable versions of the reverse Cauchy-Schwarz and reverse triangle inequalities hold on Finsler spacetimes. Finally, a long standing problem of Finslerian gravity concerns the development of dynamical equations which imply a conservation law. We make some progress following a recent proposal by the author according to which physical Finsler spacetimes have affine sphere indicatrices of hyperbolic type.

Dermoscopic features in fungal melanonychia.

Data on the dermoscopic features of fungal melanonychia are limited. To identify the dermoscopic features of fungal melanonychia. We reviewed patient files, clinical history and dermoscopic images of all cases with a diagnosis of fungal melanonychia seen at our dermoscopy unit within the past year. In total, 14 cases with 20 involved nails were reviewed. The most common type of melanonychia was melanonychia striata (7/20). Multicoloured pigmentation was observed in 19 of the nails. The main dermoscopic pattern was homogeneous pigmentation; however, black pigmented aggregates, presenting as either coarse granules or pigmented clumps, accompanied this homogeneous pigmentation in 16 lesions. Matt black pigmentation, matt white pigmentation, yellow to brown pigmentation, black reverse triangle (wider at the distal than the proximal end), superficial transverse striation and blurred appearance were the other features. We have identified a number of dermoscopic features appearing in fungal melanonychia, which should help in diagnosis of this disease.

Light Cones in Finsler Spacetime

Some foundational results on the geometry of Lorentz–Minkowski spaces and Finsler spacetimes are obtained. We prove that the local light cone structure of a reversible Finsler spacetime with more than two dimensions is topologically the same as that of Lorentzian spacetimes: at each point we have just two strictly convex causal cones which intersect only at the origin. Moreover, we prove a reverse Cauchy–Schwarz inequality for these spaces and a corresponding reverse triangle inequality. The Legendre map is proved to be a diffeomorphism in the general pseudo-Finsler case provided the dimension is larger than two.

Reverse triangle inequalities for Riesz potentials and connections with polarization

We study reverse triangle inequalities for Riesz potentials and their connection with polarization. This work generalizes inequalities for sup-norms of products of polynomials, and reverse triangle inequalities for logarithmic potentials. The main tool used in the proofs is the representation for a power of the farthest distance function as a Riesz potential of a unit Borel measure.

APPROXIMATE BREGMAN NEAR NEIGHBORS IN SUBLINEAR TIME: BEYOND THE TRIANGLE INEQUALITY

Bregman divergences are important distance measures that are used extensively in data-driven applications such as computer vision, text mining, and speech processing, and are a key focus of interest in machine learning. Answering nearest neighbor (NN) queries under these measures is very important in these applications and has been the subject of extensive study, but is problematic because these distance measures lack metric properties like symmetry and the triangle inequality. In this paper, we present the first provably approximate nearest-neighbor (ANN) algorithms for a broad sub-class of Bregman divergences under some assumptions. Specifically, we examine Bregman divergences which can be decomposed along each dimension and our bounds also depend on restricting the size of our allowed domain. We obtain bounds for both the regular asymmetric Bregman divergences as well as their symmetrized versions. To do so, we develop two geometric properties vital to our analysis: a reverse triangle inequality (RTI) and a relaxed triangle inequality called μ-defectiveness where μ is a domain-dependent value. Bregman divergences satisfy the RTI but not μ-defectiveness. However, we show that the square root of a Bregman divergence does satisfy μ-defectiveness. This allows us to then utilize both properties in an efficient search data structure that follows the general two-stage paradigm of a ring-tree decomposition followed by a quad tree search used in previous near-neighbor algorithms for Euclidean space and spaces of bounded doubling dimension. Our first algorithm resolves a query for a d-dimensional (1 + ε)-ANN in [Formula: see text] time and O(n log d-1 n) space and holds for generic μ-defective distance measures satisfying a RTI. Our second algorithm is more specific in analysis to the Bregman divergences and uses a further structural parameter, the maximum ratio of second derivatives over each dimension of our allowed domain (c0). This allows us to locate a (1 + ε)-ANN in O( log n) time and O(n) space, where there is a further (c0)d factor in the big-Oh for the query time.

Indexing Uncertain Data in General Metric Spaces

In this study, we deal with the problem of efficiently answering range queries over uncertain objects in a general metric space. In this study, an uncertain object is an object that always exists but its actual value is uncertain and modeled by a multivariate probability density function. As a major contribution, this is the first work providing an effective technique for indexing uncertain objects coming from general metric spaces. We generalize the reverse triangle inequality to the probabilistic setting in order to exploit it as a discard condition. Then, we introduce a novel pivot-based indexing technique, called UP-index, and show how it can be employed to speed up range query computation. Importantly, the candidate selection phase of our technique is able to noticeably reduce the set of candidates with little time requirements. Finally, we provide a criterion to measure the quality of a set of pivots and study the problem of selecting a good set of pivots according to the introduced criterion. We report some intractability results and then design an approximate algorithm with statistical guarantees for selecting pivots. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and reveal that the introduced technique may be even preferable to indexing techniques specifically designed for the euclidean space.

30대 여성의 체형에 따른 다트매니플래이션의 심미성연구 - 상의 원형 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study is to find the Dart Manipulation with good fitting and evaluate the aesthetics of Dart Manipulation that is used in the designs of the original tops for women in their 30`s. Subsequently, it suggests dart manipulation with good body fitting and physical fitness when designing original tops. The findings of this study are as follows. First, in the fitting of Dart Manipulation for different body types, cross direction Dart Manipulation received good marks in the Square Body Type while mixed direction and diagonal direction Dart Manipulation received high evaluation in the Standard Body Type. Also, for the Reverse Triangle Body Type, mixed direction Dart Manipulation received high marks. Since there are only small changes in fitting for the Square Body Type, the position of Dart Manipulation should be determined in regards to the aesthetic view as well as the fitting of the Standard Body Type and Reverse Triangle Body Type. Second, in the fitness of Dart Manipulation for different body types, an approach from the aesthetic view should be considered for Square Body Types because of the differences in fitness according to the position of dart manipulation. The fitness should be considered when positioning Dart Manipulation for the Standard Body Type and Reverse Triangle Body Type because of these differences. Third, for the greater variance of drop for these different body types, the change of the amount of dart received lower evaluation in fitting since the amount of dart increased when the dart was located higher than B.P. The number of dart should likely increase when gathering or tucking is necessary when there is an excessive amount of dart in Dart Manipulation for the different body types. Fourth, as for the changes of wrinkles in accordance with the body type, wrinkles were likely to be formed at the breast or neck area when there was a larger difference in drop. To prevent such problems, one more dart should be made on the wrinkle. In conclusion, the study suggests designing the original top with a better look and comfort by setting the balance between aesthetics and fitting in the design stage.