Reverse Protocol Research Articles

Animal models in compartment syndrome: a review of existing literature.

Objective:Extremity compartment syndrome (ECS) is a morbid condition resulting in permanent myoneural damage. Currently, the diagnosis of compartment syndrome relies on clinical symptoms and/or intracompartment pressure measurements, both of which are poor predictors of ECS. Animal models have been used to better define cellular mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of ECS. However, no standardized model exists. The purpose of this study was to identify existing animal research on extremity compartment syndrome to summarize the current state of the literature and to identify weaknesses that could be improved with additional research.Methods:A MEDLINE database search and reverse inclusion protocol were utilized. We included all animal models of ECS.Results:Forty-one studies were included. Dogs were the most commonly used model species, followed by pigs and rats. Most studies sought to better define the pathophysiology of compartment syndrome. Other studies evaluated experimental diagnostic modalities or potential treatments. The most common compartment syndrome model was intracompartment infusion, followed by tourniquet and intracompartment balloon models. Few models incorporated additional soft tissue or osseous injury. Only 65.9% of the reviewed studies confirmed that their model created myoneural injury similar to extremity compartment syndrome.Conclusions:Study purpose, methodology, and outcome measures varied widely across included studies. A standardized definition for animal compartment syndrome would direct more consistent research in this field. Few animal models have investigated the pathophysiologic relationship between traumatic injury and the development of compartment syndrome. A validated, clinically relevant animal model of extremity compartment syndrome would spur improvement in diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.

Growth and Genetic Manipulation of Entamoeba histolytica.

Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic protozoan and the causative agent of amoebiasis in humans. Amoebiasis has a high incidence of disease, resulting in ∼67,900 deaths per year, and it poses a tremendous burden of morbidity and mortality in children. Despite its importance, E. histolytica is an understudied parasite. These protocols describe the in vitro growth, maintenance, cryopreservation, genetic manipulation, and cloning of axenic E. histolytica trophozoites. There has been significant progress in genetic manipulation of this organism over the past decade, and these protocols outline the ways in which these advances can be implemented. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Culturing E. histolytica trophozoites Support Protocol 1: Preparation of TYI-S-33 medium Support Protocol 2: Lot testing of Biosate peptone and adult bovine serum for TYI-S-33 medium Basic Protocol 2: Cryopreservation of E. histolytica trophozoites Support Protocol 3: Preparation of cryoprotectant solutions Basic Protocol 3: Transfection of E. histolytica trophozoites with Attractene reagent Basic Protocol 4: Creating clonal lines using limiting dilution Basic Protocol 5: Knockdown of one to two genes with trigger-induced RNA interference Support Protocol 4: Evaluation of RNA interference knockdown with reverse transcriptase PCR Basic Protocol 6: E. histolytica growth curves.

Secure XOR-CIM Engine: Compute-In-Memory SRAM Architecture With Embedded XOR Encryption

Compute-in-memory (CIM), where information can be processed and stored at the same locations, is emerging as a promising paradigm to address the memory wall bottleneck in traditional Von Neumann architectures. Static random-access memory (SRAM) has been demonstrated as a mature candidate for CIM accelerator for deep neural networks (DNNs) due to its availability in advanced technology nodes. However, as SRAM is volatile and could not hold weight after power down, the necessity for downloading models from the cloud to inference engine causes potential threats such as model leaking. Also, saving raw weights of the DNN model stationary in the memory cells will increase the vulnerabilities. This work aims at developing a secure inference engine with a lightweight yet effective countermeasure to protect the DNN models in SRAM-based CIM architecture. We propose a secure XOR-CIM engine with a modified reverse secure sketch protocol to enable on-chip authentication and key processing for XOR-based stream cipher encrypted models. In the XOR-CIM core, we modify the six-transistor SRAM bit cell with dual wordlines to implement XOR decryption without sacrificing the parallel computation’s efficiency. The evaluations at 28 nm show that the XOR-CIM could enhance security, achieving comparable energy efficiency and no throughput loss, with negligible area overhead compared with the normal-CIM design without encryption.

Multiplex RT-PCR.

Amplification of different nucleic acid targets in the same reaction (multiplex polymerase chain reaction) is challenging but an extremely useful tool especially for viroid diagnosis. In the amplification mixtures, several pairs of primers work together in the same conditions to detect different targets. Here, we describe the development and use of a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction protocol highlighting the most crucial factors that can significantly affect the quality of the method. First, particular attention must be paid to primer design. Then, the amplification mixture and temperature conditions must be calibrated precisely to avoid cross reactivity or loss in sensitivity. Finally, the detection system of the amplification results must allow a specific identification of the amplified target(s).

Piecewise Isothermal Nucleic Acid Testing (PINAT) for Infectious Disease Detection with Sample-to-Result Integration at the Point-of-Care.

We developed a piecewise isothermal nucleic acid test (PINAT) as a platform technology for diagnosing pathogen-associated infections, empowered by an illustrative novel methodology that embeds an exclusive DNA-mediated specific probing reaction with the backbone of an isothermal reverse transcription cum amplification protocol for detecting viral RNA. In a point-of-care format, this test is executable in a unified single-step, single-chamber procedure, leading to seamless sample-to-result integration in an inexpensive, scalable, pre-programmable, and customizable portable device, with mobile-app-integrated interpretation and analytics involving minimal manually operative procedures. The test exhibited a high sensitivity and specificity of detection when assessed using 200 double-blind patient samples for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), and subsequently using 170 double-blind patient samples in a point-of-care format outside controlled laboratory settings as performed by unskilled technicians in an organized clinical trial. We also established its efficacy in detecting Influenza A infection by performing the diagnosis at the point of collection with uncompromised detection rigor. The envisaged trade-off between advanced laboratory-based molecular diagnostic procedures and the elegance of common rapid tests renders the method ideal for deployment in resource-limited settings towards catering the needs of the underserved.

Inhibition or Disinhibition? Creativity Relates to Better Flexible Inhibitory Control

Trait anxiety has been shown to moderate transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects on some cognitive functions. Based on the attentional control theory (ACT), trait anxiety might be closely related to dysfunctional executive control and prefrontal activity. Importantly, executive and prefrontal functions are necessary for creativity. Critically, it is unknown whether trait anxiety moderates tDCS effects on creativity. To address this, thirty low-trait-anxious (LTA) and thirty-one high-trait-anxious (HTA) participants performed creativity tasks assessing divergent thinking (alternate uses task, AUT) and convergent thinking (compound remote associates test, CRAT), while receiving three types of tDCS (L-R+: left cathodal/right anodal; L+R-: reverse protocol; sham) over the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). L+R- stimulation promoted superior performance on the AUT compared with the other two stimulations. Importantly, L+R- stimulation benefitted LTA but not HTA individuals. No significant main nor interactive effects were found on the CRAT. These results demonstrate that L+R- stimulation benefits divergent but not convergent thinking. Furthermore, divergent thinking is more sensitive to L+R- stimulation in the LTA group than in the HTA group. Based on the ACT, this is likely due to differential DLPFC activation between the groups. Future studies should consider trait anxiety when exploring tDCS effects on creativity.

SOX11 and CD43 Biomarkers in Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Recently, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has been recognized as a heterogeneous clinical and biological entity, as molecular genetics highlighted different pathways of cell survival and progression. Histological diagnosis may be challenging due to atypical MCL variants, immunophenotyping or absence of cyclin D1 (D1), encountered in 10% of cases. SOX11 is a neural transcription factor, involved in blocking mature B cell differentiation and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. It is overexpressed in most conventional MCL (cMCL) and in MCL lacking D1 overexpression, but not detected in other mature B cell lymphomas or normal lymphoid cells. Recently, its overexpression has been considered as a specific biomarker for MCL diagnosis.Development of novel targeted therapy approaches renders monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) essential to assess treatment effectiveness. Amongst methods developed to monitor MRD, allele-specific oligonucleotide quantitative PCR for BCL1 or IgH, is the most sensitive and commonly used approach. Given the role of SOX11 and BCL1 in the pathophysiology of MCL, we developed an easy set up single step quantitative PCR (qPCR) to assess both markers simultaneously, which was tested on a large panel of MCL patients at diagnosis and MRD monitoring.A reverse transcription qPCR protocol was carried out to quantify SOX11, cyclin D1 and D2 overexpression simultaneously, using specific primers, Taqman probes and B2M house keeping gene (LC480, Roche). RNA was extracted from peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM) and lymph nodes (LN). Sensitivity was determined using 6 fold dilutions starting with 1:10 from 30 subjects with normal lymphocytes. A retrospective study on a total of 170 samples for 145 patients between 2002 and 2017 was conducted. Samples were chosen based on morphology, immunophenotyping and histopathology if available. All samples were CD20+, 162 were CD5+ and 165 were CD10-. All patients had provided an informed written consent in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. We tested 93 patients with MCL at diagnosis, 79 cMCL and 14 indolent mantle cell lymphoma (iMCL). To assess specificity 52 patients with other lymphoid proliferations CD5/20+, CD10- were studied. 20 samples from 5 patients SOX11+/D1+ were available for MRD monitoring.Sensitivity of the method achieved 1.10-4. At diagnosis, tumor cells ranged between 11-97% of total lymphocytes in PB and 1-91% in BM. SOX11 and D1 overexpression was correlated with the tumor burden. 79/79 cMCL patients (100%) overexpressed SOX11 and D1 (SOX11+/D1+), 2 cMCL were CD5-, SOX11+/ D1+ and 2 cMCL were CD10+, SOX11 +/ D1+. All 14 iMCL patients were (SOX11-/D1+). Sox 11 was not detected in normal lymphocytes or in other lymphoproliferative diseases. 5 patients presented with the blastoid variant, overexpressed SOX11, but only 4 overexpressed D1 and tumor infiltration rate at diagnosis was over 83% in PB. MRD follow up showed negativity of both markers for 2 patients at complete remission. SOX11 overexpression was detected before cyclin D1 in 2 patients at relapse, prior to clinical manifestations. Persistent SOX11 and D1 overexpression was observed for 1 splenctomized patient. Time to treatment was found to be 0.6 vs 18 months in 18 cMCL and 12 iMCL patients respectively (p= 0.0006). CD43 was evaluated for 27 patients, 4 blastoid variants and 23 cMCL. 100% of blastoid variants were positive for CD43, but only 43.4% of cMCL were positive for CD43 (p=0.0368). Overall survival curve for CD43 positive patients showed a median of 2.3 years survival (p=0.0285). This was not reached for the CD43 negative MCL.We developed a feasible single step sensitive method to quantify SOX11, D1 and D2 in MCL which allows differential diagnosis with other lymphoid proliferations. A parallel correlation was found between SOX11, D1 and clinical status of MCL during diagnosis and follow up. As histopathology is unsuitable for MRD evaluation, both markers could be used to assess MRD, though SOX11 is preferred to D1 as it lacks the D1 background overexpression. Considering the higher sensitivity of molecular MRD compared to conventional evaluating procedures, its integration in guided treatment strategies is warranted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report stating the association of CD43 with adverse prognosis in MCL which might be interesting as a prognostication marker and a target for a novel immunotherapy development. [Display omitted] DisclosuresTroussard:ROCHE: Honoraria; GILEAD: Honoraria; JANSSEN: Honoraria; ABBVIE: Honoraria.

Generalized reverse projection method for grating-based phase tomography.

The reverse projection protocol results in fast phase-contrast imaging thanks to its compatibility with conventional computed-tomography scanning. Many researchers have proposed variants. However, all these reverse projection methods in grating-based phase-contrast imaging are built on the hypothesis of the synchronous phase of reference shifting curves in the whole field of view. The hypothesis imposes uniformity and alignment requirements on the gratings, thus the field of view is generally limited. In this paper, a generalized reverse projection method is presented analytically for the case of non-uniform reference in grating-based phase tomography. The method is demonstrated by theoretical derivation, numerical simulations and synchrotron radiation experiments. The influence of imaging position to sensitivity, and the phase-wrapping phenomenon are also discussed. The proposed method combines the advantages of the high efficiency of the reverse projection method and the universal applicability of the phase-stepping method. The authors believe that the method would be used widely in fast and dose-constrained imaging.

Trait anxiety moderates the effects of tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on creativity

Trait anxiety has been shown to moderate transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects on some cognitive functions. Based on the attentional control theory (ACT), trait anxiety might be closely related to dysfunctional executive control and prefrontal activity. Importantly, executive and prefrontal functions are necessary for creativity. Critically, it is unknown whether trait anxiety moderates tDCS effects on creativity. To address this, thirty low-trait-anxious (LTA) and thirty-one high-trait-anxious (HTA) participants performed creativity tasks assessing divergent thinking (alternate uses task, AUT) and convergent thinking (compound remote associates test, CRAT), while receiving three types of tDCS (L-R+: left cathodal/right anodal; L+R-: reverse protocol; sham) over the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). L+R- stimulation promoted superior performance on the AUT compared with the other two stimulations. Importantly, L+R- stimulation benefitted LTA but not HTA individuals. No significant main nor interactive effects were found on the CRAT. These results demonstrate that L+R- stimulation benefits divergent but not convergent thinking. Furthermore, divergent thinking is more sensitive to L+R- stimulation in the LTA group than in the HTA group. Based on the ACT, this is likely due to differential DLPFC activation between the groups. Future studies should consider trait anxiety when exploring tDCS effects on creativity.

Effects of Isometric Handgrip Training on Home Blood Pressure Measurements in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Objective We aimed to examine the effects of isometric handgrip (IHG) training on home blood pressure (BP) levels in hypertensive Japanese patients undergoing treatment. Methods Fifty-three hypertensive patients (mean age, 61.7 years; 56.6% men) with a home systolic BP ≥135 mmHg and/or a home diastolic BP ≥85 mmHg were randomly assigned to either group A or B. As per the crossover design, group A performed 8 weeks of IHG training, followed by an equivalent training-free, control period, while the reverse protocol was performed by group B. The baseline characteristics were similar between both groups. The individualized daily IHG training comprised four sets of 2-min isometric contractions at 30% of the individual’s maximum voluntary contraction capacity, including 1 min of rest between sets, for ≥3 days/week. The outcome measure was morning and evening home BP readings taken over the last 2 weeks of the training and control periods. Results A combined data analysis for both groups showed that IHG training was significantly associated with the lowering of both systolic and diastolic BP in the morning (137.9±9.3 vs. 135.3±9.5 mmHg, p=0.007 and 83.0±9.5 vs. 81.2±9.3 mmHg, p＜0.001, respectively) and evening (130.0±10.7 vs. 127.6±10.1 mmHg, p=0.003 and 75.8±10.4 vs. 73.8±9.2 mmHg, p＜0.001, respectively), while no significant change was observed after the control period. A larger increase in the maximum grip strength due to IHG training was associated with greater BP reductions. Conclusion An 8-week period of IHG training significantly lowered both the morning and evening home BP in hypertensive Japanese patients undergoing treatment.

Predictability and surgical precision in the placement of multiple post-extraction implants for hybrid prostheses using reverse planning: A case report

Nowadays, it is very important to guarantee correct healing and stabilization of the soft tissues after extraction after the placement of dental implants, and this is achieved only with due planning by using a reverse protocol. This study describes a 78-year-old patient presenting with predictability and surgical precision in the placement of multiple post-extraction implants for hybrid prostheses by using reverse planning. In summary, the placement of implants in a totally edentulous area is quite challenging since in the absence of teeth, there is no parameter for correct three-dimensional placement of implants. The present case provides evidence of the clinical importance of using a surgical guide at all times to obtain optimal results in the prosthetic phase.

Pulse Reverse Protocol for efficient suppression of dendritic micro-structures in rechargeable batteries

The ramified and stochastic evolution of dendritic microstructures has been a major issue on the safety and longevity of rechargeable batteries, particularly for the utilization metallic electrodes. We computationally develop pulse-reverse protocols for effective halting of the growing microstructures during extensive charging periods far beyond inter-ionic collisions. Our framework is based on the competitiveness of the dendritic growth during the pulse period versus the dissolution of the (sub)branches during the reverse charge. The detachment of the atoms from the structure preferentially occurs from the meta-stable sites which possess the lowest coordination number and require lowest activation energy for dissolution. We prove that even an infinitesimal pulse-reverse charge is more effective than an extended pulse-relaxation method for the suppression of the dendritic structures.

Reverse Docking for the Identification of Molecular Targets of Anticancer Compounds.

Molecular docking is a useful and powerful computational method for the identification of potential interactions between small molecules and pharmacological targets. In reverse docking, the ability of one or a few compounds to bind a large dataset of proteins is evaluated in silico. This strategy is useful for identifying molecular targets of orphan bioactive compounds, proposing new molecular mechanisms, finding alternative indications of drugs, or predicting drug toxicity. Herein, we describe a detailed reverse docking protocol for the identification of potential targets for 4-hydroxycoumarin (4-HC). Our results showed that RAC1 is a target of 4-HC, which partially explains the biological activities of 4-HC on cancer cells. The strategy reported here can be easily applied to other compounds and protein datasets.

Spectral photon-counting CT imaging of colorectal peritoneal metastases: initial experience in rats

Computed tomography imaging plays a major role in the preoperative assessment of tumor burden by providing an accurate mapping of the distribution of peritoneal metastases (PM). Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography (SPCCT) is an innovative imaging modality that could overcome the current limitations of conventional CT, offering not only better spatial resolution but also better contrast resolution by allowing the discrimination of multiple contrast agents. Based on this capability, we tested the feasibility of SPCCT in the detection of PM at different time of tumor growth in 16 rats inoculated with CC531 cells using dual-contrast injection protocols in two compartments (i.e. intravenous iodine and intraperitoneal gadolinium or the reverse protocol), compared to surgery. For all peritoneal regions and for both protocols, sensitivity was 69%, specificity was 100% and accuracy was 80%, and the correlation with surgical exploration was strong (p = 0.97; p = 0.0001). No significant difference was found in terms of diagnostic performance, quality of peritoneal opacification or diagnostic quality between the 2 injection protocols. We also showed poor vascularization of peritoneal metastases by measuring low concentrations of contrast agent in the largest lesions using SPCCT, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses. In conclusion, SPCCT using dual-contrast agent injection protocols in 2 compartments is a promising imaging modality to assess the extent of PM in a rat model.

(Invited) Reverse Current Behavior and ADT Protocol for Start & Stop Operation of Bipolar Alkaline Water Electrolyzer

Introduction Water electrolysis is expected a key energy conversion system to introduce large-scale renewable electricity under power grid management. Here, less expensive large system is needed. Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) systems are well-developed large system to combine hydropower generation, but fluctuated operation with start and stop operation is not considered for conventional systems. Therefore, improvement of durability to combine photovoltaic and/or wind turbine generation is significant issue. In this study, we have been investigated reverse current behavior of bipolar alkaline water electrolyzers and proposes accelerated durability test (ADT) protocol. Theoretical and Experimental Figure 1 shows configuration of bipolar alkaline water electrolyzer, principle of reverse current. An equivalent circuit to analyze reverse current is also shown in the figure. During electrolysis, surface Ni of anode oxidizes to Ni(III) and that of cathode reduces to Ni(0). They electronically connect on a bipolar plate and ionically connect through manifold to distribute electrolyte. In the equivalent circuit, electrochemical potential difference between anode and cathode on a bipolar plate correspond to electromotive force of Uk(t). The R 1 and R 2 correspond ionic resistances of branch and communicating tubes, respectively. Relationship among these parameters can describe as eq. 1 in Fig. 1 based on the Kirchhoff's laws, so reverse current would be estimated. In this study, we measured electrode potential and reverse current after 1 h water electrolysis at 0.6 Acm-2 for 2 to 4 cells stack bipolar electrolyzer using commercially available industrial anode and cathode (De Nora Permelec Ltd). The reverse current was measured ionic current through communicating tube with D. C. clamp meter.As bipolar electrolyzer evaluation, we measured electrode potential and reverse current after 1 h water electrolysis at 0.6 Acm-2 for 2 to 4 cells stack bipolar electrolyzer using the commercially available anode and cathode. Effective electrode size was 27 cm2. The reverse current was measured ionic current through communicating tube with D. C. clamp meter (KEW2510, Kyoritsu).As start & stop operation simulated ADT protocol, we propose the combination of constant current electrolysis, potential sweep, and chronoamperometry as the inset of illustration in Fig. 4, because constant current measurement is easier to get reproductivity in high current that need accurate iR correction for constant potential measurement and current control measurement never simulate stop operation. Results and discussion Figure 2 shows the setup of lab-scale electrolyzer and cell performances in the stacks. All cells showed almost the same performance. Figure 3 shows reverse currents and electrode potentials as a function of time for 2 to 4 cells stack electrolyzer. The longer cell stack had lager reverse current at initial period of stop operation. As the potential difference between anode and cathode decreased, the reverse current decreased. The anode potential significantly decreased certain time, and that for longer cell stack was shorter. For the 4 cells stack, the time for the BP2 was shorter than that for the BP1 and BP3. Simultaneously, the I 2 was larger than the I 1 and I 3. These behaviors could be explained with eq. 1 in the Fig. 1 with the same electromotive force of the U(t=0)s for initial period and time function of U(t)s with same surface condition for all cells at the end of electrolysis. Remarkable point is that the cathode potential of BP2 was higher than the anode, which is impossible with discharge of BP2 itself. This opposite potential of the BP2 would be forced by electromotive force of the BP1 and BP3.Figure 4 shows the anode potential at 10 mAcm-2 (E @10mAcm-2) of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) current during the ADT protocol with various minimum potential: E min. The all anodes significantly degraded for around 3-days test protocol, although DN851 was developed as an active and durable anode for conventional OER electrode. The degradation increased with decreases of the E min. Above 0 V vs. RHE of the E min, The E @10mAcm-2 increased after ca. 800 cycles of introduction period and reached around 1.69 V vs. RHE after 1900 cycles, although it increased from initial period and the increase continued around 2000 cycles for -0.3 V vs. RHE of the E min. From these experimental results, the E min of between 0 to 0.3 V vs. RHE might be suitable for the ADT protocol because of rapid degradation with robustness to the E min. Acknowledgements This study was based on results obtained from the Development of Fundamental Technology for Advancement of Water Electrolysis Hydrogen Production in Advancement of Hydrogen Technologies and Utilization Project commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). Figure 1

Deciphering Imidazoline Off-targets by Fishing in the Class A of GPCR field.

Based on the finding that a central antihypertensive agent with high affinity for I1-type imidazoline receptors - rilmenidine, shows cytotoxic effects on cultured cancer cell lines, it has been suggested that imidazoline receptors agonists might have a therapeutic potential in the cancer therapy. Nevertheless, potential rilmenidine side effects caused by activation of α-adrenoceptors, or other associated receptors and enzymes, might hinder its therapeutic benefits. Considering that human α-adrenoceptors belong to the rhodopsin-like class A of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) it is reasonable to assume that imidazolines might have the affinity for other receptors from the same class. Therefore, to investigate possible off-target effects of imidazoline ligands we have prepared a reverse docking protocol on class A GPCRs, using imidazoline ligands and their decoys. To verify our in silico results, three ligands with high scores and three ligands with low scores were tested for antagonistic activity on α2 - adrenoceptors.

Performance of Exterior Column Beam Connections as built at site

Comparing performance of ill detailed and ductile detailed connections as per IS: 13920 was the prime aim of this study. It was by and large observed during literature review that, usually investigations are done at laboratory casting and curing conditions. How-ever, site conditions are grossly different from laboratory conditions. It is a general experience that the ductile detailing is rarely followed at site. Thus it was felt necessary to investigate performance of such ill detailed constructions at site testing conditions. Specimen for this experiment were manufactured by site people at site conditions and cured at site conditions. A 6-storied MRF constructed in Satara (IS: 1893, Zone 3) was analyzed. An exterior column-beam connection from first slab was chosen for assessment. Design for seismic requirements was carried out referring to suggestions from latest revisions of IS :1893 and IS: 13920. Four 0.3:1 scaled down specimen from actually site sourced concrete and steel were constructed. Out of the four, two were detailed as per actual site practice. Two specimen were detailed as per IS:13920. Specimen were subjected to reverse cyclic displacement loading protocol. It was observed that latest revisions from IS codes ensure that beam fails prior to the connection. Overall performance characteristics were seen improved in case of ductile detailed connections.

A Novel in vitro Model for Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis using Microfluidics

Alexander Cui, Srinivasa Rao, Sam Olechnowicz, James Edwards, Peter Cook, Edmond Walsh, Claire Edwards
 Prostate cancer (PCa) cells predominantly metastasise to bone, and once this happens the disease is incurable. Hence it is vital to understand the mechanism of bone metastasis in PCa. Several models have been established to study PCa bone metastasis in vitro, involving the co-culture of PCa cell lines with cells of the bone microenvironment such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone marrow stromal cells, etc. However, these models are limited to one-to-one co-culture (i.e., PCa cells co-cultured with one other cell type), which overly simplifies the complex bone microenvironment consisting of multiple cell types.
 We aimed to overcome this limitation by adapting a microfluidics platform that employs a novel mechanism to isolate sub-microliter volumes using fluid walls. By using this technology, we were able to successfully differentiate osteoblasts and adipocytes from precursor cells (2T3 and ST2 cells respectively) in nanowells, and co-cultured them with PC3 prostate cancer cells. Differentiation to osteoblasts and adipocytes was confirmed by calcein green and BODIPY live staining which could be monitored using the Incucyte imaging platform.
 Following co-culture, the PCa cells were trypsinised and total RNA was extracted from them. A cDNA amplification step was successfully incorporated into the reverse transcription protocol to provide sufficient material for quantitative PCR analysis. Further, sequencing adapters were added to the cDNA to generate an RNA-sequencing library for transcriptome-wide analysis. Using this novel model, with imaging, RNA-sequencing and qPCR as read-outs, we are working on elucidating the signalling pathways that are activated by the bone microenvironment in PCa cells.

Research on android infiltration technology based on the silent installation of an accessibility service

This work focuses mainly on the penetration test function and stability of Android smartphones under Kali 2019 and creates a stable penetration function of Android smartphones to form a strong reverse transmission control protocol connection. Using the silent installation technology supported by the Accessibility Service (integrated on a nontoxic functional platform), the Android Package that injects the penetration function successfully bypasses the common mobile phone antivirus software on the market to improve the penetration efficiency.

The Thermo-Dielectric Behavior of Biological Multi-Layer Structures In Dielectric Fields

The article propose an original bioengineering protocol (BPE) for thermo-dielectric behaviour prediction and an reverse bioengineering protocol (RBEP) for optimal tailored-end response based on controlled dielectric field distribution and optimal exergy balance in complex biological multi-layers structures (MLS).The prediction of MLS thermo-dielectric behaviour were proposed to be realise with an three bio-markers kit (water, sodium chloride, vitamin B12). The investigation of relationship between the polarization level and temperature profile and between the subsequently conduction effect and the reological parameters characterize the direct modeling of MLS dielectric response. The temperature profile and Laplacian stress pressure profile in MLS define the thermo-dielectric response correlated with designed dielectric antenna biomarkers chart. The temperature profile (the time-temperature history) was obtained by thermal transfer iteration using the Fourier law, as first order thermal kinetics model of heat distribution in radial slabs. The finite time and gradient assumptions were used in Fourier model for assessing the uniform volumetric heating rates. Controlled activation level procedures with screening of exergy distribution in dielectric field bio-captors was originally described in the current reverse bioengineering protocol for maximal thermal equivalent conversion of electromagnetic field energy. The MLS tailored-made response reached regulating the specific thermo-dielectric impact with MLS dielectric bio-captors (nano-particles with specific Curie point: iron/iron oxide, iron yttrium/iron yttrium oxide, zinc /zinc oxide) define the optimal reverse bioengineering protocol. An exergy optimization model was genuine proposed for efficient energy distribution in biological MLS (transfer, conversion and loose coefficient).