Opposite Direction Research Articles

A Novel Continuously Variable Transmission with Circumferentially Arranged Disks (CAD CVT)

This paper presents a novel Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT) design. CVT is highly beneficial for actuators with rotary output as it can improve the energy efficiency of the actuators by providing an optimum transmission ratio. This property of CVT is highly beneficial for fossil-fuel-based vehicles, electric vehicles, wind turbines, industrial robots, etc. With the exception of Spherical CVT and DH CVT, all known CVTs like push belt CVTs, toroidal CVTs, Milner CVTs, etc., require additional gear sets and clutches for direction reversal and neutral gear ratio. However, Spherical CVT and DH CVT have low torque capacity due to a single traction point constraint. Foregoing in view, a new CVT named CAD CVT has been developed. The paper presents the design conception, the operating principle, the transmission ratio, the torque capacity, frictional losses, and experimental verification of the basic functionality by manufacturing a Proof of Concept (PoC). The proposed CVT is the only CVT capable of independent direction reversal and high torque capacity as it can transmit torque through multiple traction points. The new CVT will significantly impact high-torque applications in different engineering applications, especially land transport consisting of heavy vehicles like trucks, buses, and trailers.

Principle and experimental study of a combined teardrop and heart-shaped channel bluffbody valveless piezoelectric pump.

In this study, we have developed a piezoelectric pump with a combined teardrop- and heart-shaped channel based on the Coanda effect and bionics principle. The bluffbody consists of teardrop- and heart-shaped channels. The vibration and the pump flow rate are evaluated theoretically, and the flow conditions under different bluffbody heights and different main channel widths are simulated. The theoretical and simulation results show that the pump has uneven resistance to flow in forward and reverse directions, and the height of the teardrop bluffbody and the width main channel affect the flow in the channel. Test data show that under the same pressure, when the main channel is 5mm and the bluffbody height is 8mm, the pump flow rate is 460.8 ml/min. The pump alleviates the serious backflow problem through the fluid blocking structure and is expected to become an active driver of microfluidic devices.

Celiac disease and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.

Recent observational research suggests a potential link between celiac disease (CeD) and an increased incidence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the genetic relationship between CeD and ADHD remains unclear. In order to assess the potential genetic causality between these two conditions, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We performed a bidirectional MR analysis to investigate the relationship between CeD and ADHD. We carefully selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from publicly available large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) databases, employing rigorous quality screening criteria. MR estimates were obtained using four different methods: fixed-effect inverse variance weighted (fe-IVW), random-effect inverse variance weighting (re-IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger. The robustness and reliability of our findings were confirmed through sensitivity analyses, assessment of instrumental variable (IV) strength (F-statistic), and statistical power calculations. Our MR analyses did not reveal any significant genetic associations between CeD and ADHD (fe-IVW: OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 0.932-1.079, P = 0.934). Similarly, in the reverse direction analysis, we found no evidence supporting a genetic relationship between ADHD and CeD (fe-IVW: OR = 0.850, 95% CI = 0.591-1.221, P = 0.378). Various MR approaches consistently yielded similar results. Sensitivity analysis indicated the absence of significant horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. However, it's important to note that the limited statistical power of our study may have constrained the causal analysis of the exposure's influence on the outcome. Our findings do not provide compelling evidence for a genetic association between CeD and ADHD within the European population. While the statistical power of our study was limited, future MR research could benefit from larger-scale datasets or datasets involving similar traits. To validate our results in real-world scenarios, further mechanistic studies, large-sample investigations, multicenter collaborations, and longitudinal studies are warranted.

Design, Fabrication and Testing of A Novel Thermally-Actuated Tesla Valve (TATV): A Hybrid Microvalve

Abstract A novel thermally-actuated hybrid microvalve (similar to a Tesla Valve configuration) was designed, fabricated, assembled, and tested using soft lithography-based approaches. The modified design integrates the "normally open and closed" hybrid configurations of Tesla Valves with a thermo-pneumatic (or thermal-hydraulic) actuator microfabricated in-situ that modulates the diodicity of the microvalve apparatus in the microfluidic chip. Diodicity (Di) is defined as the ratio of flow rate in the forward direction to that of the reverse direction (for a constant value of pressure drop that is imposed on a microvalve device). The results from the study successfully demonstrated the operation of an array of Tesla Valves that are normally open in forward direction and marginally closed in reverse direction at room temperature (i.e., with Di > 1, the flow resistance values were different when the inlet and outlet ports were swapped). When the microfluidic chip was heated (at steady-state conditions with a nominal temperature of ~30°C), the diodicity virtually vanished (i.e., Di ≈ 1) resulting in both reverse and forward directions being normally open (or having the same flow resistance - irrespective of the flow direction).

Josephson diode effect in junctions of superconductors with band asymmetric metals

At interfaces connecting two superconductors (SCs) separated by a metallic layer, an electric current is induced when there is a disparity in the phases of the two superconductors. We elucidate this phenomenon based on the weights of the Andreev bound states associated with the states carrying currents in forward and reverse directions. Typically, current phase relation (CPR) in Josephson junctions is an odd function. When time reversal and inversion symmetries are broken at the junction, CPR ceases to be an odd function and the system may exhibit Josephson diode effect. This phenomenon has been studied in spin orbit coupled systems under an external Zeeman field wherein the magnetochiral anisotropy is responsible for the Josephson diode effect. Recently introduced the band asymmetric metal (BAM) model presents a novel avenue, featuring an asymmetric band structure. We investigate DC Josephson effect in SC-BAM-SC junctions and find that band asymmetry can lead to Josephson diode effect and anomalous Josephson effect. We explain the mechanism behind these effects based on interference of plane wave modes within the Bogoliubov de-Genne formalism. We calculate diode effect coefficient for different values of the parameters.

3D Point Cloud Shape Generation with Collaborative Learning of Generative Adversarial Network and Auto-Encoder

A point cloud is a simple and concise 3D representation, but point cloud generation is a long-term challenging task in 3D vision. However, most existing methods only focus on their effectiveness of generation and auto-encoding separately. Furthermore, both generative adversarial networks (GANs) and auto-encoders (AEs) are the most popular generative models. But there is a lack of related research that investigates the implicit connections between them in the field of point cloud generation. Thus, we propose a new bidirectional network (BI-Net) trained with collaborative learning, introducing more priors through the alternate parameter optimizations of a GAN and AE combination, which is different from the way of combining them at the network structure and loss function level. Specifically, BI-Net acts as a GAN and AE in different data processing directions, where their network structures can be reused. If optimizing only the GAN without the AE, there is no direct constraint of ground truth on the generator’s parameter optimization. This unique approach enables better network optimization and leads to superior generation results. Moreover, we propose a nearest neighbor mutual exclusion (NNME) loss to further homogenize the spatial distribution of generated points during the reverse direction. Extensive experiments were conducted, and the results show that the BI-Net produces competitive and high-quality results on reasonable structure and uniform distributions compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. We believe that our network structure (BI-Net) with collaborative learning could provide a new promising method for future point cloud generation tasks.

[formula omitted]-Functions for fields of series- and parallel-connected boreholes with variable fluid mass flow rate and reversible flow direction

A new methodology is developed for the calculation of g-functions for the simulation of geothermal bore fields in non-stationary conditions. The g-functions are able to represent the variations of fluid mass flow rate and reversible flow direction, and model the effect of these variations on the long-term ground temperature response. The thermal model is constructed by coupling an axially-discretized finite line source solution for the ground heat transfer, a thermal resistance circuit model for the interior of the boreholes, as well as connectivity relations between parallel- and series-connected boreholes. Simulation experiments show that the new g-functions are required for the accurate prediction of fluid temperatures in series-connected boreholes with variable mass flow rate and reversible flow direction. A simulation of a borehole thermal energy storage system of 144 boreholes over a period of 20 years shows a maximum absolute error of 0.65 °C. The new g-functions thus extend the simulation capabilities of g-functions to borehole thermal energy storage systems.

Passive and active field theories for disease spreading

Abstract The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant growth of interest in the development of mathematical models that allow to describe effects such as social distancing measures, the development of vaccines, and mutations. Several of these models are based on concepts from soft matter theory. Considerably less well investigated is the reverse direction, i.e., how results from epidemiological research can be of interest for the physics of colloids and polymers. In this work, we consider the SIR-DDFT model, a combination of the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model from epidemiology with dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) from nonequilibrium soft matter physics, which allows for an explicit modeling of social distancing. We extend the SIR-DDFT model both from an epidemiological perspective by incorporating vaccines, asymptomaticity, reinfections, and mutations, and from a soft matter perspective by incorporating noise and self-propulsion and by deriving a phase field crystal (PFC) model that allows for a simplified description. On this basis, we investigate via computer simulations how epidemiological models are affected by the presence of non-reciprocal interactions. This is done in a numerical study of a zombie outbreak.

Demonstration of heat switch function of loop heat pipe controlled by electrohydrodynamic conduction pump

Loop heat pipes (LHPs) are attractive devices to cool electronic devices in spacecraft. The LHP operation must be shut down in some cases to avoid considerable reductions in the temperature of such electric devices. A new active technology capable of heat switching is developed for LHPs using an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pump that operates to facilitate liquid flow in the reverse direction against the normal LHP flow. To demonstrate our proposed approach, an EHD conduction pump with rod–ring electrodes was developed and evaluated to obtain generated pressure with varying applied voltages. The LHP with R134a as a working fluid was shut down successfully when a sufficiently high voltage was applied. The LHP shutdown continued until the EHD conduction pump was turned off. A comparison with a test in which a manually controlled mechanical valve caused the capillary limit showed that the EHD pump worked differently from the valve: the shutdown by the EHD pump involved a reverse flow. The consumed electric power for the EHD pump was 10–30 mW for 6–8 kV of applied voltage during the LHP shutdown. Furthermore, pressure loss through the EHD pump during normal LHP operation was approximately 0.5 % of the capillary pressure.

Printing Ochre

The discipline of geology was relatively new at the start of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in the late 1800s, but through the organisation of an efficient government bureau and the voice of its printed page, it became a dominant perspective in the way generations of citizens relate to and view the natural world, human and nonhuman, life and nonlife. I choose to position my press in direct opposition to the maintenance of these dualisms. I will argue the critical role of print in facilitating USGS domination of terrestrial beings in a practical sense, yet beyond the methods and reach of publication, I believe the products of the USGS mediate our understanding of and relation to these beings. Instead, design practices can be directed towards changing attitudes and understanding between humans and nonhumans. Monika Bakke argues for the importance of artistic endeavours in addressing our collective futurity: Drawing on both life’s mineral origins and its key role in shaping mineral species, artists are turning to technoscience in order to develop, outside expert circles, better understanding of physical, chemical, and biological environments, not just of the geological past but also those to come in the future. ... Yet, their methodologies are specific to art which offers creative ontological and ethical contributions to public debate. (2017, p. 43) I am developing a design research paradigm relating to ochre as an epistemic tool for human and nonhuman intersubjectivity and ontological reconciliation or reunification between life and nonlife. I model my practice after a simplification of the USGS: to survey (observe, describe, collect) and to report (archive, document, record), with some critical variance in method and outcomes.

Arg40 is critical for stability and activity of Adenylosuccinate lyase; a purine salvage enzyme from Leishmania donovani

Purine salvage enzymes have been of significant interest in anti-Leishmanial drug development due to the parasite's critical dependence on this pathway for the supply of nucleotides in the absence of a de novo purine synthesis pathway. Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) one of the key enzymes in this pathway is a homo-tetramer, where the active site is formed by residues from three distinct subunits. Analysis of the subunit interfaces of LdADSL, revealed a conserved Arg40 forming critical inter-subunit interactions and also involved in substrate binding. We hypothesized that mutating this residue can affect both the structural stability and activity of the enzyme. In our study, we used biochemical, biophysical, and computational simulation approaches to understand the structural and functional role of Arg40 in LdADSL. We have replaced Arg40 with an Ala and Glu using site directed mutagenesis. The mutant enzymes were similar to wild-type enzyme in secondary structure and subunit association. Thermal shift assays indicated that the mutations affected the protein stability. Both mutants showed decreased specific activities in both forward and reverse directions with significantly weakened affinities towards succinyl-adenosine monophosphate (SAMP). The mutations resulted in changes in C3 loop conformation and D3 domain rotation. Consequently, the orientation of the active site amino acid residues changed resulting in compromised activity and stability. Studies so far have majorly focused on the ADSL active site for designing drugs against it. Our work indicates that an alternative inhibitory mechanism for the enzyme can be designed by targeting the inter-subunit interface.

Development of smart materials with versatile bending capabilities using microcellular foaming process: influence of foaming and desorption time

Abstract Herein, a smart material with versatile bending capability is developed using a microcellular foaming process (MCPs). In contrast to previous hydrogel-based approaches, the bi-layered smart material is fabricated using typical thermoplastics, polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), to achieve shape deformation in response to thermal stimuli. Further, the theoretical model for bi-layered smart materials based on the modified Timoshenko’s model is employed to predict and comprehend this thermal response phenomenon. Due to the distinct foaming characteristics of the two polymers, a reversal in the bending direction is achieved by manipulating the foaming and desorption time. The length variation after foaming differs depending on the desorption time for each polymer. PMMA decreases in length after foaming, measuring 56.25 mm at a desorption time of 40 min and 53.16 mm at 80 min. On the other hand, PETG shows an increase in length after foaming, measuring 53.33 mm at 40 min and 58.25 mm at 80 min. Consequently, when the two polymers are bonded and foamed, bending occurs depending on the desorption time, and a reversal in the bending direction is observed at the critical desorption time of around 60 min. Based on this result, the folding direction of a five-leafed flower-shaped object is successfully altered under thermal stimuli. This innovative approach extends the category of smart materials beyond the hydrogels and showcases the potential of the MCPs for the creation of smart materials for various applications that require versatile shape changes in response to temperature.

Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence in monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy: A rare occurrence

Twin reversed arterial perfusion is a rare complication occurring in monochorionic multifetal pregnancies. This condition is characterized by a malformed fetus being perfused by a normal twin through an artery-to-artery anastomosis in the reverse direction. Herein, we report a case of a multigravida female with a twin pregnancy at 27 weeks 5 days of gestation referred in view of twin pregnancy with the intra-uterine demise of one twin. Gray scale and color Doppler imaging revealed a monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy with a viable, normal twin, and an amorphously developed acardiac twin. The patient was monitored with weekly ultrasonography, echocardiography, and Doppler ultrasound examination to ascertain the well-being of the pump twin. She delivered a normal live baby at term and an acardius acephalus fetus. The perinatal mortality of the pump twin is significantly high. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose this entity at an early gestational age through improved imaging techniques, so that timely intervention can be planned.

Study of Wind Field and Surface Wind Pressure of Solar Greenhouse Group under Valley Topography Conditions

Study of Wind Field and Surface Wind Pressure of Solar Greenhouse Group under Valley Topography Conditions

Borderline personality disorder and social connectedness: A systematic review.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by deficits in social connectedness, which is a multifaceted construct with structural (i.e., the number, diversity, or frequency of social relationships), functional (i.e., the actual or perceived resources relationships provide), and quality (i.e., the positive and negative aspects of social relationships) elements (Holt-Lunstad, 2018). However, the literature is sparse and lacks integration regarding which specific elements of social connectedness are deficient in BPD and why. This systematic review synthesized the literature on the bidirectional relationship of social connectedness and BPD. Electronic searches of three databases (i.e., PsycInfo, PsycArticles, and PubMed) identified 1,962 articles which underwent title and abstract screening and, if potentially eligible, full-text review. Sixty two articles met the eligibility criteria and underwent data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Cross-sectional research supported associations between BPD and problems in structural, functional, and quality social connectedness, with most research underscoring deficits in quality social connectedness. Preliminary longitudinal research suggested that BPD pathology predicts problems across these domains, but little to no research exists testing the reverse direction. Although people with BPD may not have difficulties forming relationships, they exhibit a range of problems within those relationships. BPD may elicit such problems in social connectedness, but it is unclear whether such issues reciprocally exacerbate and elicit BPD, and longitudinal research investigating such directionality is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Abstract PO5-08-06: Metabolic shift to serine pathway induced by lipids confers oncogenic properties in non-transformed breast cells

Abstract Introduction. Oncogenic factors that are local/in-breast are of great interest as they may be more specifically targetable for breast cancer prevention than systemic factors. We have identified a lipid metabolism gene signature that is enriched in breast tissue at risk for estrogen negative breast cancer (ER- BC). Utilizing the medium chain fatty acid Octanoic acid (OA) to probe lipid metabolism in non-transformed breast epithelial cells, we observed increased flux through several metabolic reactions and altered histone methylation with consequent changes in gene expression (e.g. neural genes). Neuronal signaling and regulatory circuits are observed in cancer cells of multiple origins, not just ones with ontological relationships to neurons. We hypothesize that the first and rate limiting step in the de novo serine pathway, which is catalyzed by Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is key to these observations. In the forward direction, PHGDH participates in the serine, one-carbon, glycine (SOG) and methionine pathways that produce the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and in the reverse direction produces the oncometabolite 2-Hydroxyglycerate (2-HG). Methods. Non-transformed MCF-10A cells exposed to OA were utilized for U13C-glucose tracing. SAM and 2-HG concentrations following treatment with OA ± PHGDH inhibitor were measured by liquid chromatography. CUT&RUN for H3K4me3 was performed and genes affected by OA (PMID: 28263391) were compared with OA-responsive peaks. Single cell RNA-sequencing was carried out using breast microstructures derived from reduction mammoplasty tissue exposed to vehicle or OA. Microstructures were dissociated into single cells and sequenced using the 10x Genomics platform. The digital expression matrix file containing UMIs were analyzed with Seurat. Alkaline comet assay was performed to detect DNA breaks. Results. U13C-glucose tracing in presence of OA revealed that one-carbon-THF was redirected to the methionine cycle increasing flux to methylation. Concentrations of SAM and 2-HG increased after 15- and 30-min OA exposure, respectively; PHGDH inhibitor blocked these increases. H3K4me3 CUT&RUN revealed 661 differential peaks (FDR < 0.05) comparing OA to control. 73% of H3K4me3 OA-associated peaks were in regulatory regions of OA-induced genes (FDR < 0.01), these genes are involved in neural pathways, EMT and ER- BC. Motif analysis revealed an overrepresentation of binding sites for transcription factors ATF3/4 (p < 0.05), which are regulators of the serine pathway. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed OA not only affected the distribution of cell subpopulations but also modulated the expression of many genes within each subcluster. The percentage of luminal progenitor subcluster 3 increased upon OA from less than 1% to about 13%. Within basal subcluster 3, OA drives the expression of ATF3, along with two of the enzymes in the de novo serine pathway: PHGDH and PSAT1. Alkaline comet assay showed DNA breaks in OA- and control 2-HG- treated cells. Conclusions. Metabolism of OA in preference to glucose and glutamine results in a metabolic shift toward the serine pathway increasing the production of SAM and 2-HG, with implications for oncogenesis: 1. SAM production results in epigenetic fostered plasticity leading to reprogramming/selecting cells that express genes consistent with a neural/neural crest-like state. These co-opted neuronal regulatory mechanisms can make critical contributions to the acquired functional capabilities that drive cancer development. 2. 2-HG exposure results in appearance of DNA breaks, which are likely consequent to the inhibition of the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases KDM 4A/B by 2-HG. Their catalytic activity is required for homologous recombination repair; inhibition results in metabolic “BRCAness”. Citation Format: Mariana Bustamante Eduardo, Gannon Cottone, Shiyu Liu, Maria Paula Zappia, Elizaveta V. Benevolenskaya, Abul Bashar Mir Md. Khademul Islam, Maxim V. Frolov, Seema Khan, Susan Clare. Metabolic shift to serine pathway induced by lipids confers oncogenic properties in non-transformed breast cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-08-06.

An Ultra-soft Thermal Diode

The controlling of heat flow direction stands as a prominent methodological approach within the domain of thermal management, and this can be accomplished through the utilization of thermal diodes. However, if the thermal diode lacks mechanical compliance, hindering its intimate contact with heat source/sink surfaces, the thermal rectification performance is limited. In this work, we propose a method to solve the mechanical compliance problem that is introducing phase change material (PCM) consisting of dual alkanes (hexadecane and paraffine wax) and polyurethane to fabricate the heterojunction thermal diode. The fabricated thermal diode exhibits an ultra-soft mechanical feature, with a low elastic modulus of 0.4 KPa and >300 % elongation until failure – the best values reported to date for thermal diodes. The measured thermal rectification factor is as high as 1.42 – in line with the theoretical model prediction. Molecular dynamic simulations reveal that the thermal rectification mechanism of the PCM-based thermal diode originates from the crystal-amorphous phase transition of the hexadecane terminal as the temperature bias flips. Therefore, the heat flow in the forward direction is greater than the flux in the reverse direction. A series of experiments and finite element analyses are employed to verify the feasibility of thermal diodes for applications in real contexts like the civil engineering.

Quantitative characterization of crude oil mobilization in microscopic pores during forward and reverse flooding in tight sandstone reservoirs using various fracturing fluid systems

In the transition from conventional to unconventional oil and gas exploration, the focus on tight sandstone reservoirs has grown due to their complex microscopic pore structures, narrow pore throats, and high capillary pressures. These characteristics often lead to the retention of fracturing fluids post-fracturing, hindering fluid recovery and reducing crude oil extraction efficiency. To address these issues, this study employed a combination of microscopic displacement experiments and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses to investigate oil displacement mechanisms at the microscale in tight sandstone reservoirs. The experimental setup involved testing three core samples using distinct fracturing fluid systems: a guar gum-based system (System I), an EM30+ + guar gum water-based system (System II), and a CNI (Carbon Nanotechnologies Inc) nano variable-viscosity slick water-based system (System III). The study aimed to assess the impact of these different fracturing fluid systems on oil displacement efficiency in both forward and reverse directions. Results revealed that forward oil displacement efficiencies for Systems I to III were 26.86%, 33.3%, and 33.43%, respectively. In contrast, reverse displacement efficiencies were slightly higher at 28.9%, 37.5%, and 38.34%. Overall, Systems II and III outperformed System I in terms of oil displacement efficiency. The study also found that in cores with large pores, forward displacement predominantly mobilized crude oil, while reverse displacement was more effective in smaller pores. This trend was consistent in cores exhibiting bimodal pore distributions. However, in unimodal cores, small pores were significantly impacted in both directions. Notably, System III demonstrated a remarkable efficiency in mobilizing crude oil within smaller pores.

Prediction of Airport Taxiway Settlement based on CNNBiLSTM-Attention

The accurate real-time prediction of complex time series in airport runway settlement is crucial. In order to achieve precise and reliable predictions of runway surface settlement, considering the nonlinear and time-dependent characteristics of settlement data under the coupling effects of dynamic loads, water levels, and other factors, a CNN-BiLSTM-Attention approach is proposed. This method first employs Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to extensively extract local temporal features from the input sequences. Subsequently, the extracted local temporal features are input to BiLSTM layers to learn the features of the sequences both in the forward and reverse directions. Finally, the output of the BiLSTM layers is fed into an attention mechanism layer. By computing attention weights, crucial information in the input sequences is weighted and added to enhance the model’s focus on key information. The final settlement prediction is then generated through a fully connected layer. To validate the proposed method, field settlement monitoring data from Runway L at Hangzhou Xiaoshan Airport are utilized as an engineering case study. The results indicate that the combined model captures local features of settlement sequences more effectively with a smaller dataset, achieving higher accuracy compared to a standalone BiLSTM model.

Topological excitation of exciton-polariton half-vortices and skyrmions in a magnetic field with TE-TM splitting

We explore the topological generation of skyrmions and half-vortices in a uniform spinor exciton-polariton condensate featuring TE-TM splitting and exposed to an external magnetic field. The manipulation of pump intensity and magnetic field enables precise control over the spin texture and integrated winding number. Specifically, under an excitation condition where the power applied to the vortex state surpasses that on the non-vortex state by an amount dictated by the magnetic field, skyrmions emerge. These skyrmions exhibit a distinctive spin texture characterized by a circular polarization inversion extending from the center to the periphery. Conversely, reversing the excitation condition, where the power on the vortex state is diminished with the reversal of the magnetic field direction, leads to the creation of half-vortices across the entire condensate, devoid of any circular polarization inversion. In additional to the skyrmions and half-vortices, half-skyrmions can be also generated in the same configuration without magnetic field.