Reverse Rate Research Articles

Effect of shear ratio on rheological properties of suspension in two-step flocculation process for fine iron tailings

In the two-step flocculation process, shear has a significant impact on the rheological properties of the flocculating slurry. In this study, the orthogonal experiments of two-step flocculation process for fine iron tailings were designed. Based on the change of shear ratio, different shear rates and shear time were designed, the yield stress, plastic viscosity and maximum packing fraction of the flocculated suspension in each group were measured and calculated with a rheometer. The result of range and variance analysis shows the shear rate in the primary broken phase was the biggest factor affecting the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the flocculated slurry in two-step flocculation process. When the shear rate increased from 100 s-1 to 400 s-1, the yield stress and the plastic viscosity of the flocculated slurry increased by 7.14% and 21.30%, respectively. When the shear rate changed from 400 s-1 to 800 s-1, they decreased by 23.27% and 33.17%, respectively. Since the shear ratio in a two-step flocculation process is also related to both shear action and floc structure parameter, the shear ratio was introduced into the first-order reversible kinetic rate equation. Through establishing the relationship between the shear ratio and the floc structural parameter of flocculating suspension, a theoretical model of the shear-dependent maximum packing fraction was established. The measured values and theoretical calculated values of the maximum packing fraction in two-step flocculation experiments were in good agreement and the error was within 5%. Last but not least, the internal mechanism of the theoretical model was discussed from the microscopic point of view.

#2858 EXERCISE AND PREDIABETES AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION: THE EXPRED I STUDY

Abstract Background and Aims Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus (PTDM) is a severe disease that may affect about 30% of renal transplant patients. PTDM beyond 12 months (late PTDM) mostly develops in subjects with prediabetes. Although exercise may have a potential role in preventing late PTDM, there is scarce evidence on the effect of exercise in renal transplantation. We designed a 12-month exploratory study to test the capacity of therapeutic exercise in reverting prediabetes to prevent the development of late-PTDM. Method This is a pilot study in which renal transplant patients with prediabetes were treated with exercise for 12 months. To detect prediabetes and to evaluate the reversibility, relapse, or persistence of prediabetes, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at baseline and every 3 months to the end of the study. Prediabetes was defined by the presence of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) in 100-125 mg/dl and/or Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) between 140-199 mg/dL after the OGTT. The protocol included a stepped incremental plan of aerobic and/or strength training. The frequency, intensity, and duration of aerobic exercise, as well as the addition of strength training depended on the recovery, persistence, or recurrence of prediabetes. All patients started with moderate aerobic exercise (brisk walking), 30 min/day and 5 times per week and, based on that, changes in prescription were considered every 3 months. Additionally, we evaluated: (a) an active plan for promoting adherence to exercise (telephone calls, digital technology, and visits) and (b) improvements in metabolic risk factors: obesity, dyslipidaemia, and blood pressure. Since prediabetes may spontaneously revert to normal glucose metabolism in 25-30% [1], we assume that in 60 cases, the spontaneous reversibility could be of 30% (n = 18) and the reversibility induced by exercise may account for another 30% (n = 18), so the total reversibility will be 60%. Considering an expected drop out of 20%, the number of cases necessary to include was 72 patients. Results The study was early interrupted due to efficacy after the evaluation of 27 patients that reach 12 months of follow-up. Mean age was 54.2 ± 9.6 and 67% were men. Half of the patients were obese and most had overweight. At baseline IGT or IFG alone were found, respectively, in 13 (48%) and 5 (19%) patients, and the combination of both in 9 (33%). All patients were on prednisone and tacrolimus with the addition of mycophenolate on 20 subjects and 7 on everolimus. Of the group, 16 (60%) reverted to normal glucose levels (fasting and 120 min after an OGTT): this was two time higher than the 30% reversibility rate shown in a previous publication [1], p <0.05, assuming a potency of 85%. In parallel, 11 (40%) subjects had prediabetes (9) or developed PTDM (2). No significant changes were found in weight during follow-up in all groups whereas triglycerides diminished in patients on whom prediabetes reverted (154 mg/dL ± 61 to 96 ± 27; p = 0.016). At the end of follow up, adherence to exercise was good (≥70%) in 13 patients (∼50%), moderate (40-70%) in 9 (∼30%) and bad (≤40%) in 5 (∼20%). Finally, all patients with good adherence reverted to normoglycaemia, 3 out of 9 (33%) cases with moderate reverted to normal glucose metabolism and no cases with bad adherence improved on follow-up. No relevant injuries attributed to exercise were observed during the study. Conclusion Therapeutic exercise is safe and effective to improve glucose metabolism in renal transplant patients with prediabetes. Adherence is a crucial aspect to consider in the planification of exercise treatment.

Numerical simulation and validation of reaction mechanism for the Siemens process in silicon production

The Siemens process is the most widely used silicon production routine for photovoltaic applications. However, the complicated chemistry in deposition reactor has not yet been fully understood, although there has been much research on it. In this paper, a modified reaction kinetic model was proposed to represent the gas phase and surface reactions based on the literature. The thermodynamic properties of gas phase components were re-evaluated by density functional theory since the reverse reaction rate of gas phase reaction is highly dependent on Gibbs energy change (ΔG). Most of our efforts were devoted to validating the reaction mechanism. The modified reaction model was analyzed and compared with published experimental data in two different reaction paths, deposition from trichlorosilane and etch from hydrochloride, respectively. The epitaxial growth rate could be predicted by the modified reaction model under a wide range of operating conditions.The results could provide a theoretical basis for possible computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of industrial Siemens reactor in the future.

Nano Sn-SnOx embedded in multichannel hollow carbon nanofibers: Microstructure, reversible lithium storage property and mechanism

To ameliorate the lithium storage property of tin-based oxides, nano Sn-SnOx embedded in multichannel hollow carbon nanofibers (Sn-SnOx@MCNF) were identified in this work. Multichannel hollow carbon nanofibers embedded uniformly by amorphous SnOx and proper Sn nanocrystals with various valence states of Sn endowed Sn-SnOx@MCNF quick ion transfer rate, enough catalytic active sites, high structure stability, little agglomeration and superior buffering volume change during alloying/dealloying processes. Accordingly, Sn-SnOx@MCNF-based electrodes possessed predominant reversibility, large capacity and excellent rate capability during the process of lithium intercalation of SnOx to Li2O and LixSn. When applied in practice, the present Sn-SnOx@MCNF-based electrodes expressed a high reversible capacity of 669.2 mAh g−1 even after 600 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 and a high-rate capacity of 525.1 mAh g−1 at 4.0 A g−1. Sn-SnOx@MCNF will be a potential anode material for Li-ion batteries with superior Li-storage performance. The synergistic enhancement mechanism between MCNF and nano Sn-SnOx was proposed in detail.

Facile synthesis of N-doped reduced graphene oxide matrix-covered porous Fe2VO4 hybrid composite nanostructures as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

For iron vanadium-based lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs), enhancing solidity as well as exploring storage mechanism is important. Herein, a facile hydrothermal method is employed to fabricate N-doped reduced graphene oxide-wrapped porous iron vanadate (FVO@N-rGO) hybrid composite nanostructures (HCNSs), followed by the calcination under the N2 atmosphere. The as-prepared FVO@N-rGO HCNSs are used as an anode material for LIBs. The FVO@N-rGO HCNSs electrode delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 711 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and durable cycling life (226 mA h g−1 at 3000 mA g−1). The Li+ intercalation kinetics (from cyclic voltammetry analysis) reveal that the Li storage capacity of FVO@N-rGO HCNSs is normally dominated via a pseudo-capacitive behavior. A full cell using commercial LiNi0.3Mn0.3Co0.3O2 (NMC111) as a cathode and pristine FVO nanospheres and FVO@N-rGO HCNSs as an anode is also fabricated. The obtained good reversible capacity, stability, and rate capability may be due to the synergetic result of three-dimensional HCNSs construction and porous morphology with a large surface area, which offers void space to shield size expansion/contraction along with reducing the diffusion coefficient for Li ions/electrons in the cycling process. Thus, this study gives a deep understanding of improving the cell performance of iron vanadium-based LIBs.

Hierarchical 3D Porous Hydrogen-Substituted Graphdiyne for High-Performance Electrochemical Lithium-Ion Storage.

Graphdiyne (GDY) has realized significant achievements in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its unique π-conjugated skeleton with sp- and sp2-hybridized carbon atoms. Enriching the accessible surface areas and diffusion pathways of Li ions can realize more storage sites and rapid transport dynamics. Herein, three-dimensional porous hydrogen-substituted GDY (HsGDY) is developed for high-performance Li-ion storage. HsGDY, fabricated via a versatile interface-assisted synthesis strategy, exhibits a large specific surface area (667.9 m2 g-1), a hierarchical porous structure, and an expanded interlayer space, which accelerate Li-ion accessibility and lithiation/delithiation. Owing to this high π-conjugated, conductive, and porous framework, HsGDY exhibits a large reversible capacity (930 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at 1 A g-1), superior cycle (720 mA h g-1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g-1), and rate (490 mA h g-1 at 5 A g-1) performances. Density functional theory calculations of the low diffusion barrier in the lamination and vertical directions further reveal the fast Li-ion transport kinetics of HsGDY. Additionally, a LiCoO2-HsGDY full cell is constructed, which exhibits a good practical charge/discharge capacity of 128 mA h g-1 and stable cycling behavior. This study highlights the advanced design of next-generation LIBs to sustainably develop the new energy industry.

Comparison of anal function and quality of life after conformal sphincter preservation operation and intersphincteric resection of very low rectal cancer: a multicenter, retrospective, case–control analysis

PurposeConformal sphincter preservation operation (CSPO) is a sphincter preservation operation for very low rectal cancers. Compared to intersphincteric resection (ISR), CSPO retains more dentate line and distal rectal wall, and also avoids damaging the nerves in the intersphincteric space. This study aimed to compare the postoperative anal function and quality of life between the CSPO and ISR.MethodPatients with low rectal cancer undergoing CSPO (n = 117) and ISR (n = 66) were included from Changhai and Huashan Hospital, respectively, between 2011 and 2020. A visual analog scale (range 0–10) was utilized to evaluate satisfaction with anal function and quality of life. The anal function was evaluated with Wexner scores and low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score. Quality of life was evaluated with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR38.ResultsThe CSPO group had more male patients (65.8% vs. 50%, p = 0.042), more preoperative chemoradiotherapy (33.3% vs. 10.6%, p < 0.001), lower tumor position (3.45 ± 1.13 vs. 4.24 ± 0.86 cm, p < 0.001), and more postoperative chemotherapy (65% vs. 13.6%, p < 0.001) compared to the ISR group. In addition, CSPO patients had shorter postoperative stay (6.63 ± 2.53 vs. 7.85 ± 4.73 days, p = 0.003) and comparable stoma reversal rates within 1 year after surgery (92.16% vs. 96.97%, p = 0.318). Multivariable analysis showed that CSPO significantly contributed to higher satisfaction with anal function (beta = 1.752, 95% CI 0.776–2.728) and with quality of life (beta = 1.219, 95% CI 0.374–2.064), but not to Wexner, LARS score, or EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR38.ConclusionCSPO improved the satisfaction with anal function and quality of life but utilized more preoperative chemoradiotherapy. CSPO may be an alternative choice for patients with very low rectal cancers in better physical health and with higher requirements for anal function and quality of life.

A Cation‐Driven Enhanced Functionalization Solid Electrolyte Interface for Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractThe formation of a stable SEI with a hierarchical structure of functionalization is the key to improving the anode performance of secondary batteries. The effects of piperidine cation containing isobutyl as an additive in the SEI structure of hard carbon (HC) and corresponding Na+transport functionality were comprehensively investigated. It is revealed that the large cationic groups of piperidine can promote the rapid migration of Na+desolvation on the surface of HC anode, further promote the decomposition of anions, and induce the formation of a double‐layer SEI structure. As a result, the as‐fabricated batteries achieved high cyclic stability, good reversible specific capacity, and improved rate performance. The mixed electrolyte showed good reversible capacity and capacity retention rate (800 cycles @5 C, 67.31%), which was significantly better than the initial electrolyte with a capacity retention rate of 42.01% for 500 cycles @5 C. In particular, it is also observed some graphitized structural features on the surface of HC, which facilitate the migration of Na+. Meanwhile, the hierarchical structure of functionalization SEI in conjunction with “pseudo‐SEI” contributed to the improved performance of Na+storage. This work provides the feasibility for the introduction of large cationic group additives in the electrolyte to enhance the cycle stability of the HC anode.

Multistable perception elicits compensatory alpha activity in older adults.

Multistable stimuli lead to the perception of two or more alternative perceptual experiences that spontaneously reverse from one to the other. This property allows researchers to study perceptual processes that endogenously generate and integrate perceptual information. These endogenous processes appear to be slowed down around the age of 55 where participants report significantly lower perceptual reversals. This study aimed to identify neural correlates of this aging effect during multistable perception utilizing a multistable version of the stroboscopic alternative motion paradigm (SAM: endogenous task) and a control condition (exogenous task). Specifically, age-related differences in perceptual destabilization and maintenance processes were examined through alpha responses. Electroencephalography (EEG) of 12 older and 12 young adults were recorded during SAM and control tasks. Alpha band activity (8-14 Hz) was obtained by wavelet-transformation of the EEG signal and analyzed for each experimental condition. Endogenous reversals induced gradual decrease in posterior alpha activity in young adults which is a replication of previous studies' findings. Alpha desynchronization was shifted to anterior areas and prevalent across the cortex except the occipital area for older adults. Alpha responses did not differ between the groups in the control condition. These findings point to recruitment of compensatory alpha networks for maintenance of endogenously generated percepts. Increased number of networks responsible for maintenance might have extended the neural satiation duration and led to decreased reversal rates in older adults.

Pulmonary vein and posterior wall isolation and mitral isthmus block with radiofrequency vs electroporation: comparing a classic to a novel technique for the ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF) ablation continues to be a challenge due to the wide variety of approaches and a high arrhythmia recurrence. In our center, the usual strategy for PerAF ablation comprises posterior wall isolation (PWI) and mitral isthmus block (MIB) in addition to pulmonary veins isolation (PVI), with alcoholization of the Vein of Marshall (VoM) if possible. Pulsed-field ablation (PFA) has emerged as a novel and promising source of energy for AF ablation, having proved its feasibility and safety for PVI. However, there is no evidence in terms of feasibility and safety about a combined strategy of PVI, PWI and MIB. Purpose Our aim was to assess the feasibility and safety of PVI, PWI and MIB with PFA for PerAF ablation, and compare it to the same approach carried out with radiofrequency (RF) +/- alcoholization of the VoM, in terms of procedural parameters, acute success and complications rate. Methods All patients who undergone PerAF ablation with PFA and RF between November 2021 and September 2022 were consecutively and retrospectively included in the study. Demographic data, procedural data, rate of acute access (in achieving isolation or block of the targeted substrates) and complications rate were collected. Results Ninety patients with PerAF ablation were included (45 with the classic approach [RF ± VoM] and 45 with PFA). No differences were found in mean age and gender (67.0±9.1 vs 67.0±10.02 y.o, p=0.96 and 26.6% vs 24.4% of women, p=0.8). No differences were found with regard to previous cardiopathy or other comorbidities. There were also no differences in left atrial volume (157±41.1vs145±54.8ml, p=0.26). As for the procedure, the PFA group had shorter procedural time (119.8±26.3vs 84.1±20.0 min, p=0.00) but longer fluoroscopy time (17.8±6.9vs23.6±6.7 min, p=0.0002) and higher fluoroscopy dose (36.1±25.3vs67.3±84.7 Gy.cm2, p=0.02). No differences were found in the acute success rate to achieve PVI (100% in all), PW isolation (97.7%vs100%, p=0.31) or mitral isthmus block (97.7%vs100%, p=0.31) between RF±VoM and PFA groups, respectively. Of note, among the patients in AF rhythm at the procedure, the rate of reversion to sinus rhythm during ablation was much higher in the PFA group (7.14% vs 77.7%, p=0.00), with a lower rate of cardioversion (92.8% vs 22.2%, p=0.00) during the procedure. No significant differences were found with regard to the number of complications (13.3% [6 cases] in the RF±VoM group vs 6.6% [3 cases] in the PFA group, p=0.27). Conclusions PFA shows a good feasibility and safety profile for PVI, PWI and MIB with shorter procedural time and higher rate of conversion to sinus rhythm during ablation compared to the classic strategy with radiofrequency.

Invited Commentary: The Winding Road to Identifying the Annual Rate of Tuberculosis Infection.

Many persons with immunological tests indicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, such as tuberculin skin tests or interferon-γ release assays, are at risk of progression to tuberculosis disease. Persons whose tests revert to negative may no longer be at such risk. Therefore, identifying the rate of test reversion, potentially indicating cure of M. tuberculosis infection, is an important area of investigation. In their accompanying article (Am J Epidemiol. 2023;192(12):1937-1943), Schwalb et al. extract data on test reversion from prechemotherapy literature and construct a model to predict the rate of reversion, and thus the likely cure of infection. Unfortunately, the incompleteness of the historical data and the use of imprecise definitions of test positivity and reversion lead to substantial misclassification and limit the usefulness of the model. Better definitions and improved tests will be needed in order to develop a clear picture of this aspect of the natural history of tuberculosis.

Disodium naphthalene dicarboxylate based negative electrode engineering for organic-inorganic hybrid sodium batteries

This article presents the engineering of disodium naphthalene dicarboxylate (Na2-NDC) based negative organic electrodes for sodium-ion batteries. Firstly, different synthesis strategies were used to modify the morphology and crystal structure of the active material particles in order to improve their electrochemical performance. The engineering of the electrodes was then carried out to maximize the composite performances, which were initially evaluated in half-cells against Na. After electrode optimization, a complete cell was assembled by coupling the Na2-NDC negative electrode with Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) as an inorganic-based cathode, to obtain a complete so-called “hybrid” cell. A thorough electrochemical study of the complete cell was carried out to evaluate the cell stability during cycling using different electrolyte additives. Thanks to the electrode and electrolyte optimizations, the NVPF/Na2-NDC hybrid cell demonstrated remarkable electrochemical performance, in terms of reversible capacity, cycling stability and rate performance. The full cells in the present work showed an energy density between 260 and 300 Wh/kg in the first cycle at low C-rate, and an energy density of 120–155 Wh/kg after 400 cycles, superior to those previously reported in the literature for the hybrid cell.In addition, a series of post-mortem analyses were carried out, based on GC/MS analysis, UV–Vis spectroscopy and electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), to understand the evolution of the performance over time and thus guide future research in this field to design the next generation of more durable and easily recycled sodium-ion battery.

Pengaruh Perputaran Modal Kerja, Inflasi dan BI-7 Day Reverse Repo Rate terhadap Harga Saham pada Industri Konstruksi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2017-2020

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of Working Capital Turnover, Inflation and BI-7 Day Reverse Repo Rate on Stock Prices. The author draws the hypothesis that Exchange Working Capital Turnover, Inflation and the BI-7 Day Reverse Repo Rate have a positive and significant effect on stock prices.The research methodology used is descriptive analysis method and statistical analysis method. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis. The data used is secondary data. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the F test and t test, with a significance level (α) of 5%. Data analysis used statistical data processing software, namely SPSS version 25 for Windows.This research was conducted during the 2017-2021 period. The results of the F test show that the Exchange Working Capital Turnover, Inflation and the BI-7 Day Reverse Repo Rate have a positive and significant effect on stock prices. The results of the t test (individually) show that the Working Capital Turnover variable has a positive and significant effect on stock prices. The results of the coefficient of determination in this study amounted to 0.250. This means that the Stock Price Index is influenced by the Exchange Working Capital Turnover, Inflation and the BI-7 Day Reverse Repo Rate.

Iron-based Prussian blue coupled with polydopamine film for advanced sodium-ion batteries

In this study, high-performance polydopamine (PDA) coated Na1.33FeFe(CN)6·1·16H2O (PBA) cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are successfully synthesized by using a single source method with Na4Fe(CN)6 as sole iron source. The PDA coating does not alter the structure or morphology of the PBA sample, but greatly improves its conductivity and Na ion diffusion ability because of the good conductivity. Consequently, we observe enhanced reversible capacity, rate capability and cycle stability during cycling. Our results indicate that PBA-2 has the best electrochemical performance and sodium ion diffusion coefficient among all samples. Even at 1 C rate, PBA-2 has a high initial discharge capacity of 145 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 90% over 100 cycles. The introduction of a suitable amount of PDA represents an effective strategy for enhancing the electrochemical activity of PBA for advanced SIBs. Such design strategies can be also used to modify other cathode materials for SIBs.

Synthesis and Performance of NaTi2(PO4)3/VGCF@C Anode Composite Material for Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries

This study combines self-prepared NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) with commercial vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) using a solid state calcination, then coats it with carbon to synthesize the composite anode material NaTi2(PO4)3/VGCF@C (NTP/VGCF@C). The microstructure and electrochemical properties of the composite material were then analyzed using microstructure analysis and electrochemical testing equipment. Single phase NTP shows nanoparticles with a polyhedral structure, and there is good contact at the interface between the nanoparticles and the VGCFs. The carbon coating formed on the NTP particles displays a nearly 6.5 nm thick layer of amorphous carbon. From the coin-cell battery performance measurements, after 850 cycles, the composite material NTP/VGCF@C exhibits an excellent retention rate of 96.3% compared to that of the pure NTP material when the current density is 200 mA/g. As a result, the composite material and lithium manganate (denoted as LMO) were assembled into an LMO-NTP/VGCF@C aqueous sodium-ion soft pack full battery system. The full battery shows an initial capacity of 31.07 mAh at a rate of 0.5C, and a reversible discharge capacity retention rate of 95.8% after 480 cycles, exhibiting a good long-cycle stability performance.

Three Parameter Transmuted Exponential Distribution

Many distribution functions, can be explored in numerous dimensions with their extended form. In this paper an extended form of exponential distribution is studied by the quadratic rank transmutation map, called three parameter transmuted exponential distribution, where the base distribution is exponential distribution with two parameters \(\theta\) &gt; 0 and \(\beta\) &gt; 0 , shape and location parameters respectively. Some statistical properties have been studied for the said distribution including moments, quantile function, moment generating function, reliability analysis, mills ratio, reverse hazard rate function, order statistics, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves and indices, mean deviation about mean and median, estimation of parameter. The applicability have been explored by comparing value of -2ℓ, AIC and BIC using real data set.

Effectiveness and Safety of Dabigatran Reversal with Idarucizumab in the Taiwanese Population: A Comparison Based on Eligibility for Inclusion in Clinical Trials.

Background and Objectives: The effectiveness and safety of idarucizumab for the reversal of the effects of dabigatran have been proven. However, there remains a paucity of literature comprehensively investigating outcomes in real-world patients. This is especially true when comparing patients who were eligible for inclusion in the RE-VERSE AD trial with patients who were ineligible. As the prescription of dabigatran has become increasingly popular, the generalizability of the results to real-world populations has come into question due to the broad variability of real-world patients receiving dabigatran. Our study aimed to identify all patients who were prescribed idarucizumab and examined how effectiveness and safety varied among those patients who were eligible and ineligible for the trial. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed the largest medical database in Taiwan. We enrolled all patients who were prescribed and received idarucizumab from when it became available in Taiwan up until May 2021. A Total of 32 patients were included and analyzed, and they were further divided into subgroups based on their eligibility for inclusion in the RE-VERSE AD trial. Multiple outcomes were evaluated, including successful hemostasis rate, complete reversal efficacy of idarucizumab, 90-day thromboembolic events, intra-hospital mortality, and adverse event rate. Results: In our study, we found that 34.4% of real-world cases of idarucizumab use were ineligible for the RE-VERSE AD trials. The eligible group had higher successful hemostasis rates (95.2% vs. 80%) and anticoagulant effect reversal rates compared to the ineligible group (73.3% vs. 0%). The mortality rates were 9.5%, compared to 27.3% in the ineligible group. Few adverse effects (n = 3) and 90-day thromboembolic events (n = 1) were observed in either group. Among the ineligible cases, all acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 5) received definite, timely treatments without complications. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the real-world effectiveness and safety of idarucizumab infusion for trial-eligible patients and all acute ischemic stroke patients. However, although it seems to be effective and safe, idarucizumab appears to be less effective in other trial-ineligible patients. Despite this result, our study provides further evidence for extending the applicability of idarucizumab in real-world scenarios. Our study suggests that idarucizumab can be a safe and effective option for reversing the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran, particularly for eligible patients.

The calculation of the decomposition products of C5F10O–CO2 mixtures with a chemical kinetic model

This paper presents a chemical kinetic model to investigate the physicochemical process in C5F10O-CO2 mixtures. The model contains 12 ions, including e, C+, O+, C2 +, O2 +, CO+, CO2 +, O−, C−, C2 −, O2 −, O3 − and 38 neutral species, containing C, O, C2, O2, CO, CO2, O3, C5F10O, C4F7Oa, C4F7Ob, C4F7Oc, C4F7Od, C3F5O, C3F4Oa, C3F4Ob, C3F4Oc, C3F4Od, C3F4Oe, C3F3Oa, C3F3Ob, COCF3, C2F2Oa, C2F2Ob, COFC, COF, C3F7a, C3F7b, C3F6a, C3F6b, C2F5, C2F4a, C2F4b, C2F3a, C2F3b, C2F2, CF3, CF2, CF. The total number of 180 reactions are considered. For the reactions whose forward and reverse rate constants can be obtained, the reactions are split into two one-way reactions. In addition, the reactions which produce photons are also considered as one-way reactions. The other reactions are reversable. The reverse rate constants can be obtained by the ratio of the forward rate constants and the equilibrium constants. The molar fractions of the decomposition products in C5F10O-CO2 mixtures with the C5F10O content to be 5%, 7% and 13% are calculated in the temperature range of 500–3500 K. The ratio of the electron temperature to the temperature of the heavy species is calculated to obtain the deviation from local thermodynamic equilibrium in different temperatures. The characteristic decomposition products in different temperature ranges are determined. In addition, the main reaction pathways for the main species are determined by analyzing the contributions of the corresponding reactions to the generation and consumption of the species. In order to validate the chemical kinetic model, the molar fractions of the species in pure CO2 are compared with those by Gibbs free energy minimization in a wide temperature range. This model can help better understand the physicochemical process from the aspect of the reactions during the over-heat fault, and the characteristic decomposition products in different temperature range can help identify the potential fault to avoid great power accidents.

Unlocking Deep and Fast Potassium-Ion Storage through Phosphorus Heterostructure.

Potassium-ion battery represents a promising alternative of conventional lithium-ion batteries in sustainable and grid-scale energy storage. Among various anode materials, elemental phosphorus (P) has been actively pursued owing to the ideal natural abundance, theoretical capacity, and electrode potential. However, the sluggish redox kinetics of elemental P has hindered fast and deep potassiation process toward the formation of final potassiation product (K3 P), which leads to inferior reversible capacity and rate performance. Here, it is shown that rational design on black/red P heterostructure can significantly improve K-ion adsorption, injection and immigration, thus for the first time unlocking K3 P as the reversible potassiation product for elemental P anodes. Density functional theory calculations reveal the fast adsorption and diffusion kinetics of K-ion at the heterostructure interface, which delivers a highly reversible specific capacity of 923 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1 , excellent rate capability (335 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 ), and cycling performance (83.3% capacity retention at 0.8 A g-1 after 300 cycles). These results can unlock other sluggish and irreversible battery chemistries toward sustainable and high-performing energy storage.

Mechanically Robust and Room Temperature Self-Healing Ionogel Based on Ionic Liquid Inhibited Reversible Reaction of Disulfide Bonds.

Although highly desired, it is difficult to develop mechanically robust and room temperature self-healing ionic liquid-based gels (ionogels), which are very promising for next-generation stretchable electronic devices. Herein, it is discovered that the ionic liquid significantly reduces the reversible reaction rate of disulfide bonds without altering its thermodynamic equilibrium constant via small molecule model reaction and activation energy evolution of the dissociation of the dynamic network. This inhibitory effect would reduce the dissociated units in the dynamic polymeric network, beneficial for the strength of the ionogel. Furthermore, aromatic disulfide bonds with high reversibility are embedded in the polyurethane to endow the ionogel with superior room temperature self-healing performance. Isocyanates with an asymmetric alicyclic structure are chosen to provide optimal exchange efficiencies for the embedded disulfide bonds relative to aromatic and linear aliphatic. Carbonyl-rich poly(ethylene-glycol-adipate) diols are selected as soft segments to provide sufficient interaction sites for ionic liquids to endow the ionogel with high transparency, stretchability, and elasticity. Finally, a self-healing ionogel with a tensile strength of 1.65±0.08MPa is successfully developed, which is significantly higher than all the reported transparent room temperature self-healing ionogel and its application in a 3D printed stretchable numeric keyboard is exemplified.