Revenue Product Research Articles

Multi-Objective Optimization: a Mathematical Model to Help Manage the Crop-Livestock-Forestry Integration System

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model based on multi-objective optimization to assist farmers who have adopted the Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration (ILPF) system, aiming to maximize production with resource limitations. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, sustainable agriculture, rural management, and mathematical optimization tools are discussed, providing a solid basis for understanding the research context. Method: It comprises an applied approach, considering the main inputs, costs and production revenues necessary to power the model. Microsoft Corporation's Excel Solver computational tool, version 7.3.5.2(x64)/LibreOffice Community, was used due to its accessibility and practicality for rural producers. Results and Discussion: The proposed mathematical model provides assistance in decision making, considering the distribution of areas for different productions with a view to achieving efficient results. In the discussion, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered. Research Implications: The results can be applied to rural management and sustainable agriculture. These implications may include optimizing resources and improving the productive efficiency of farmers who use the ILPF system. Originality/Value: Considers the balance of economic, social and environmental aspects in the use of the ILPF system. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its potential to improve decision-making and maximize the efficient use of resources in sustainable agriculture.

From Plate to Planet: Factors Influence Thai Consumers’ Adoption Intention as Sources of Actual Behavior Development of Plant-Based Food

Introduction: This study investigates the factors influencing Thai consumers’ acceptance of plant-based food products. Drawing upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI), personal innovativeness and environment concern, are examined as predictors of adoption intention and actual behavior. Methods: The quantitative approaches collected data with convenience sampling method from Thai consumers using online questionnaires. A structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to analyse the confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis on relationships among variables and hypothesis testing. Results: The findings reveal significant positive relationships between attitudes, subjective norms, environmental concern, and personal innovativeness to adoption intention through actual behavior of plant-based food products. Perceived behavioral control did not impact adoption intention. Discussion: The results underscore the importance of attitudes, environmental concern, subjective norms and personal innovativeness in shaping consumer behaviour towards plant-based foods. Plant-based entrepreneurs can promote adoption to behavior on product launching using various factors across research fields as marketing strategies and communication tools regarding increase the product adoption and revenue growth.

Are men's and women's college basketball players “Pigouvian” exploited?

AbstractUsing total revenue, previous research finds college basketball players generate millions of dollars in marginal revenue product (MRP). We are skeptical of using total revenue data. Instead, we use total variable revenue since using fixed revenues can over‐estimate a team's marginal revenue and therefore a player's MRP. Comparing MRP to the players average grant‐in‐aid, we find that for public Division I universities, a little over one‐quarter of men's basketball players are exploited and a little over one‐tenth of women's basketball players are exploited.

Effect of Moral Obligation on Sales Tax Compliance among SME Taxpayers in Juba, South Sudan

Tax compliance promotes social and economic growth by reducing the government's fiscal imbalance and debt while also providing funding for public services. Currently, the National Revenue Authority of South Sudan is focusing on maximizing tax revenue production from the country's huge number of small and medium enterprises, and this study contributes to that endeavour. The study's main goal was to examine the moral obligation, of sales tax compliance among SMEs. This study was guided by Tax Morale Theory. The study used an explanatory research design and the study's target population was 1,320 SMEs, with 307 SMEs in Rejaf Sub-County registered for sales tax. The data was examined using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that there is a positive and significant effect of moral obligation on sales tax compliance (β1 =0.241, p<0.05), The study recommends that South Sudan's Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning build a strong mechanism for monitoring and evaluating the efficiency of tax policy implementation. Furthermore, research should involve a more diversified set of SMEs to capture a greater variety of opinions, taking into account differences in size, industry, and ownership structure.

Dimensionality reduction analysis of the renewable energy sector in Azerbaijan: nonparametric analyses of large datasets

Although the number of econometric analyses related to the renewable energy sector in Azerbaijan is increasing, studies on nonparametric dimensionality reduction are rather sparse. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) were chosen to fill this apparent research gap. As a result, a large dataset including the renewable energy sector and selected key macroeconomic indicators was evaluated. The PCA procedure yielded four distinct principle components reflecting the main macroeconomic variables, renewable energy production, industry-energy relations and natural resource revenues. The PCA method offers the possibility to examine the precise correlations and the underlying patterns between the displayed clusters of variables. Meanwhile, the MCA-based cross-country assessment of Azerbaijan’s wind, solar and hydropower has struck somewhat pessimistic notes, as the country lags behind neighbouring and other post-Soviet countries (e.g. Estonia, Iran, Latvia, Russia) in developing its green energy sector. These findings are of great interest to policymakers, businesses and academics who wish to gain deep insight into the Azerbaijani economy in terms of renewable energy production. The practical value of the present work also lies in the fact that it analyses a multidimensional and relatively longitudinal dataset (1990–2022), which is an example of a methodological application of two nonparametric approaches.

External factors affecting entrepreneurial financial governance strategies of the technical universities in Ghana

The study examined important external elements that have an impact on the technical universities (TUs) in Ghana's entrepreneurial financial governance methods. It highlights the difficulties TUs have managing their finances and the critical role that entrepreneurial finance plays in overcoming these financial limitations. A questionnaire was used by respondents as the data gathering tool in the researcher's quantitative investigation. Purposive sampling was utilised in the study to choose the 160 respondents that participated. According to the study, external environmental factors like political and economic factors, regulatory boundaries set by the state, competition between TUs, insufficient budgetary allocation, inefficient financial monitoring systems, and a lack of dynamic capabilities all have a significant impact on entrepreneurial financial governance strategies. According to the study, technical universities (TUs) in Ghana can increase revenue production, augment government financing, and satisfy their objective of offering high-quality education by applying creative initiatives and improving financial governance processes. This study offers policymakers and key stakeholders in the education sector useful insights to improve the financial sustainability and performance of Technical Universities (TUs) in Ghana. It does this by doing a thorough examination of the external environment and its impact on financial governance initiatives. Through an analysis of the effects of political and economic variables, insufficient budgetary provisions, and inadequate financial monitoring frameworks, this research highlights the imperative for Technical Universities in Ghana to give special consideration to these external elements

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA BROILER DI PETERNAKAN MAHMUDDIN DESA TATAKAN KECAMATAN TAPIN SELATAN KABUPATEN TAPIN

This research was conducted at Mr. Mahmuddin's broiler farm located in Tatakan Village, South Tapin District, Tapin Regency. The research began in January to May of 2024. This research aims to study the income level of broiler chicken business with a partnership pattern and to determine the feasibility of broiler chicken business with a partnership pattern on Mahmuddin Farm in Tatakan Village, South Tapin District, Tapin Regency. The components used in evaluating business feasibility include production costs, revenue, and business income obtained from broiler farming. Parameters measured are using cost benefit analysis indicators which include: R/C Ratio, B/C Ratio, BEP, and Performance Index (IP) parameters. The results showed that the feasibility analysis of a broiler livestock business with a business scale of 41,165 heads for four periods was profitable as an agribusiness-oriented business where the profit earned was Rp. 60,996,439 in four periods, and feasible to develop with a value of R / C ratio of 1,06 and B / C ratio of 0.06. BEP analysis shows that the amount of production is higher than the production BEP value (Production>BEP Production) which is 58,195.01 kg for 4 periods and the price BEP is still lower than the set at Rp. 23,408-/kg so that it has met the empirical standards in the break-even analysis calculation. As for the assessment using the Performance Index (IP) parameter in the first period is 547, second 269, third 550, and in the last period 888. This shows that Mr. Mahmuddin's broiler farm business located in Tatakan Village, South Tapin District, Tapin Regency is feasible to continue or develop.

Pengaruh Boikot Produk Unilever Dan Lapangan Kerja Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia Tahun (2014-2023)

In this research, we will discuss the boycott of Unilever products and employment on economic growth. The boycott of Uniliver products and employment are closely related, where if Unilever product revenues in Indonesia experience a decline, which makes the Unilever company reduce production, this can cause employee layoffs and create jobs. employment decreases, if employment decreases there will be a lot of unemployment which can affect economic growth. The results of the research are that Unilever products have an insignificant negative effect on economic growth, and employment has an insignificant negative effect on economic growth.

Analisis Keuntungan Usaha Rumah Makan “Tinutuan Marlan” Di Keluarahan Bahu Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado

This study aims to analyze the profitability of “Tinutuan Marlan” Restaurant in Bahu, Malalayang District, Manado City. The research was conducted over a period of 3 (three) months from September to November 2023 at “Tinutuan Marlan” Restaurant in Bahu, Malalayang District, Manado City. Primary data for this study were obtained through direct interviews with the owner of “Tinutuan Marlan” Restaurant, using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. Secondary data included business records from “Tinutuan Marlan” Restaurant and internet sources such as journals. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. Data analysis in this study included production cost analysis, revenue analysis, and profit analysis. The results of the study indicate that “Tinutuan Marlan” Restaurant in Bahu, Malalayang District, Manado City is profitable. The total weekly revenue received is IDR6,126,000, total weekly expenses are IDR3,428,250, resulting in a weekly profit of IDR2,697,750. For daily calculations over 6 days a week, the restaurant receives IDR1,021,000 per day in revenue, incurs IDR571,375 in daily expenses, and achieves a daily profit of IDR449,625.

Collecting and Delivering Fattened Pigs to the Abattoir.

In the context of pig farming, this paper addresses the optimization problem of collecting fattened pigs from farms to deliver them to the abattoir. Assuming that the pig sector is organized as a competitive supply chain with narrow profit margins, our aim is to apply analytics to cope with the uncertainty in production costs and revenues. Motivated by a real-life case, the paper analyzes a rich Team Orienteering Problem (TOP) with a homogeneous fleet, stochastic demands, and maximum workload. After describing the problem and reviewing the related literature, we introduce the PJS heuristic. Our approach is first compared with exact methods, which are revealed as computationally unfeasible. Later, a scenario analysis based on a real instance was performed to gain insight into the practical aspects. Our findings demonstrate a positive correlation between the number of alternative routes explored, the number of trips, the transportation cost, and the maximum reward. Regarding the variability in the number of pigs to collect, when a truck can visit more than one farm, better solutions can be found with higher variability since the load can be combined more efficiently.

Organic or Non-organic Agriculture: Comparison of Organic and Conventional Farming Sustainability

Reduction of the level of greenhouse gas emissions from sector of agriculture are one of the serious issues across European Union. The dairy industry is responsible for generating a significant amount of emissions from enteric fermentation, manure and long-term storage. The amount of emissions produced depends highly on factors such as livestock feeding and manure management systems, feed intensity and quality. Farms that have high milk yield also produce more liquid manure, leading to an increase in overall emissions from manure management.Organic farming has been valued as one of the most suitable solutions to conventional agriculture for the achievement of climate goals. Organic farming can be described as a farming approach based on prevention, ecological processes, and the restriction of pesticides. Restricting pests and lower yields can have a negative impact on production costs and revenues. However, organic farming has lower operating costs and higher product costs, which can increase overall incomes.The research aims to evaluate the environmental, economic and social dimensions of conventional and organic farming, comparing were comparing on their integral environmental, economic and social sustainability. The core element for the sustainability assessment is the construction of the composite sustainability index using data for scientific literature, reports and statistics.

Results-Sharing System of Punggawa-Sawi in Gillnet Fishermen of Sumpang Binangae Village, Barru District, Barru Regency

This study aims to determine the relationship pattern of mustard punggawa to gillnet fishermen and to find out the income and remuneration system of mustard punggawa to gillnet fishermen, Sumpang Binangae Village, Barru District, Barru Regency. This research was carried out from February to March 2021 with two main respondents, namely retainers and mustards for gillnet fishermen in Sumpang Binangae Village, Barru District, Barru Regency. The sampling method in this research is purposive sampling. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data analysis using descriptive qualitative analysis and quantitative descriptive using the formula for production costs, revenues and profits. The pattern of the punggawa-sawi fisherman's working relationship in recruiting mustard greens, Mr. burhanuddin (the punggawa-sawi fisherman group A) prefers to prioritize his family who are looking for work for him. While on the other hand, Mr. dg. Nai' (the punggawa-sawi fisherman group B) chose the mustards who worked for him not only based on kinship but friendship. Then the income of the retainer-sawi fisherman group (A) is IDR 454,530,000 per year and the wage system is the retainer's wage of 65%, while the mustard greens get 35% of the catch. The income of the retainer-sawi fisherman group (B) is Rp. 266.673,333 per year and the wage system is the retainer's wages of 50% while the mustard greens get 50% of the catch.

Implications of Gold Trading for the Global Economy

One of the precious metals found in the earth’s crust, whose economic value dates back several centuries and remains relevant in our contemporary socio-economic settings, is gold. Society’s veneration for the precious metal surges from one generation to the other. However, most developing economies endowed with large quantities of gold are plagued with unbridled activities of warlords, foreign-backed militias, rebels, and illegal artisanal miners, some of whom operate on behalf of political stalwarts who mask their true identity. The purpose of this research was to examine how trading activities related to gold tend to affect gross domestic product (GDP) values at the national and global levels. The quantitative approach to scientific inquiry was adapted and used in the study. Specifically, the cross-sectional design formed the basis of the research. Data required for the conduct of the research were obtained mainly from secondary sources. These included textbooks, peer-reviewed articles published in journals and grey literature. Other sources were the Google Search Engine, including databases of Macrotrends and World Bank, databases and archives of the United States Geological Survey, among other significant sources. Respective data on Ghana’s annual gold production volumes, gold revenues and GDP values from 1980 through 2020 and respective data on annual average closing prices per ounce of gold, global gold production volumes, global gold revenues and global GDP values from 1969 through 2020 were used in the research. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used to describe the research variables and to evaluate their behaviour over the stated time frame on national and global GDP values. The study revealed gold as a viable source of alternative investment and an effective portfolio diversifier in periods of volatility in the global equity markets. The average closing price per ounce of gold in 2020 was the highest since 1969. More than a third of the world’s total gold reserves (34.26%) were held by Australia, Russia and South Africa, and China remained the world’s largest producer of gold in 2019. For most developing economies with large production volumes, the percentage and monetary contribution of gold revenue to GDP was determined to be significant. However, for most advanced economies, percentage contribution was insignificant, albeit monetary contribution was found to be quite colossal and capable of impacting positively on national expenditures. Findings from the research revealed a positive and significant relationship between Ghana’s gold revenue and GDP (coefficient value = 9.574151593; p = 0.000, p < 0.05); and a positive but non-significant relationship between global gold revenue and global GDP (coefficient value = 527.3364872; p = 8.111, p > 0.05). Gold revenue accounted for nearly 97.64% of the variation in Ghana’s GDP from 1980 through 2020, while global gold revenue accounted for about 88.16% of the variation in global GDP from 1969 through 2020. During 2019, Ghana was the leading producer and highest-earner from gold sales in Africa; and the economy with the fifth-highest percentage contribution of gold revenue to GDP (9.52%); after Burkina Faso (17.37%), Mali (15.87%), Sudan (11.25%) and Guinea (10.02%) respectively. The statistical analysis confirmed and validated, to a large extent, the valuable contribution of gold revenue to national GDP, a clarion call for regulation and control of the activities of illegal artisanal miners to improve and actualise annual national estimates for total gold production volumes and revenues; the need for minerals and mining policy reforms and expeditious implementation of same to control environmental pollution and hazards. Dramatic transformation and an increase in recycling technologies are required to curb the accelerated depletion rate of gold reserves. It is imperative for the major gold-producing economies to take proactive steps towards the creation of economic parsimony in supply to positively affect the price per ounce of gold in the global market.

Production Elasticity of Layer Farming During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Blitar District

The livestock sub-sector, an integral part of the agricultural sector, is the animal protein producing sub-sector which plays an important role in meeting people's nutritional needs. The development of the laying hen farming business has enormous potential, this is because purebred chicken eggs contribute quite a lot to animal protein self-sufficiency. The research aims to analyze the input factors of the production that affect the production of layer farming businesses and to assess the production elasticity of these businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Blitar District. Data collection took place between July and August 2020 in the Blitar Distrcit. Utilizing a sample random sampling method. The study involved 64 farmers as representative. The research variables used in this study were the population of laying hens, the price of chicken eggs, feed costs, vaccines and medicines expenses, seed prices, mortality, electricity costs, the price of culled chickens, Hen Day Production (HDP) and the number of workers. Quantitative analysis was employed to analyze production costs, revenues, and income, while qualitative analysis was used to analyze production elasticity through Cobb-Douglas regression analysis. The research data were processed using SPSS version 24. The results of the study indicate that 1) the population of laying hens and HDP significantly affected the production of layer farming businesses, along with the cost of vaccines and medications in the Blitar District. 2) The population of layers, mortality rates, electricity costs, HDP, and total labor demonstrated elasticity with respect to the production of layer farms. Conversely, egg prices, feed costs, vaccination and medication expenses, day-old chick (DOC) costs, and final chicken prices exhibited inelasticity concerning the production of layer farms in Blitar district.

Gains from trade: Demand, supply, and idiosyncratic shocks

SummaryFirm‐level sales are often used as a proxy for productivity to quantify welfare gains from trade (GFT) using firm‐level data. This approach ignores the fact that heterogeneity in firm‐level sales is driven by factors other than productivity. Our theoretical and empirical analysis reveals that using sales as a proxy conflates persistent productivity with transitory demand and supply shocks, resulting in an over‐dispersed productivity distribution. Assigning this shock‐inflated productivity to a modeled economy's supply‐side results in overestimated GFT. We show how to obtain unbiased productivity estimates, aggregate trade elasticities, and GFT estimates by exploiting the revenue production function from a single‐source country.

Оптимизиране на калиевото торене при ранно и средноранно производство на домати за устойчиви добиви и икономическа рентабилност

Split potassium fertilization is emerging as an effective technique for the prolonged assimilation of significant amounts of accessible potassium during the vegetation, with the aim of establishing a positive potassium balance in the soil and achieving increased yields of quality produce. The aim of this study was to determine the economic efficiency of the partitioning and split application of potassium doses in the cultivation of tomatoes, both in the early and mid-early production. The results showed that tomato plants demonstrate improved potassium utilization through split application, resulting in increased yields and total production revenues. Split fertilization alternatives proved to be economically viable, with N24Р12К8+8+8 approach being particularly beneficial in early tomato production. This study underlines the importance of optimizing fertilization practices in agriculture, highlighting the potential to increase economic efficiency and profitability for farmers and to ensure the sustainable use of soil resources.

Predictive Model Control and Intelligent Agent are Used To Optimize The Precision Control of an Electro-Pneumatic Actuator-Based Robotic Bottle Capper

The inferior corking performance observed in bottled drinks from breweries is attributed to poor precision. To address this issue, an enhanced precision control system for an electro-pneumatic actuator-based bottle capper is introduced, utilizing model predictive control and intelligent agent technologies. This involves characterizing the electro-pneumatic actuator system, developing a conventional model for the robotic bottle capper, and designing a rule base to improve precision in the capping mechanism, thereby boosting production capacity per unit time. To achieve this, AI is trained to design a rule-based model ensuring optimal efficacy of the capping mechanism, thus enhancing the brewery industry's production capacity and revenue generation. A SIMULINK model is developed to demonstrate the improved precision control of the electro-pneumatic actuator robotic bottle capper using model predictive control and intelligent agent. Results show a significant increase in corking precision from 94.4% with conventional methods to 99.9% when intelligent agents are incorporated into the system. This translates to a 5.5% improvement in corking precision, with production capacity increasing from 27,000 crates using conventional methods to 28,570 with model predictive control. Moreover, with the integration of intelligence, the production capacity further rises to 342,500 bottles.

The impact of ocean warming on selected commercial fisheries in New Zealand

AbstractWarming oceans affect the growth, reproduction and location of fish species. Using a bioeconomic framework, we estimate the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and the catch of de facto open‐access commercial fisheries of flatfish, trevally and jack mackerel in New Zealand. Assuming either a logarithmic or quadratic relationship between the SST and the carrying capacity of the fish stock, we consider three fishing methods (bottom trawl, set net and midwater trawl) and two measures of effort (count and duration). We show that ocean warming results in an increase in catch for all species if we assume a logarithmic relationship, with the highest marginal product of SST () for jack mackerel caught using midwater trawl. The highest marginal revenue product (computed by the MPSST, current price and fished area) is found for flatfish caught by set net. However, when assuming a quadratic relationship, there is a threshold above which catch starts to decrease, with the maximum catch of species ranging between 10 and 12.2°C. These results also vary spatially, with higher values of MPSST observed in areas closer to the South Pole. Our findings are relevant for any review of fisheries management systems in response to ocean warming.

Long-term responses to large minimum wage shocks: Subminimum and super-minimum workers in Slovenia

This study examines long-term effects of a large minimum wage increase in Slovenia, covering the universe of employed and unemployed workers. By distinguishing subminimum and super-minimum workers, we find large, persistent disemployment effects for the subminimum group whose productivity fell below the rising minimum wage, both due to lower probability of remaining employed and of finding a job if non-employed. The shock to firm wage bills caused by the minimum wage creates a substitution toward workers whose marginal revenue products are slightly above the minimum wage, but the most skilled are complements with the subminimum workers in their firm.

Critical Analysis of Revenue Generation of Azad Jammu and Kashmir: Challenges and Way Forward

This paper provides a critical assessment of AJK's revenue generation, identifies the obstacles, and offers a solution for future sustainable economic growth and development in Azad Kashmir. The study uses a mixed-method approach that includes case studies, interviews with key stakeholders, and a review of the literature. Two important sectors i.e., the Power development organization and the Inland Revenue Department with the potential to generate considerable amounts of revenue are acknowledged and evaluated as case studies by the critical examination of AJK's revenue generation. According to the conclusions of this investigation, AJK confronts difficulty in expanding its revenue sources outside conventional sectors such as agriculture and tourism. According to the analysis, AJK has a limited tax base and a poor tax-to-GDP ratio when compared to international standards. Infrastructural restrictions were also noted as a significant challenge to revenue generation in AJK. The region confronts constraints in utilizing its hydropower capacity, which can influence economic activity and revenue production possibilities. With its attractive landscapes, historical sites, and cultural legacy, AJK has tremendous tourism potential. However, due to limited infrastructure, a lack of promotion and marketing activities, and security concerns, the region faces obstacles in fully realizing this potential. The thesis makes many policy solutions to solve these issues, such as boosting access to finance, fostering public-private partnerships, and tackling instability due to the Kashmir Issue. To promote sustainability and equitable growth, the thesis also underlines the value of incorporating local people in the revenue creation process. Overall, this individual research paper will help understand the dynamics of revenue generation and can help Azad Kashmir formulate policies on taxation, investment, trade, and other economic activity. Policymakers can analyze the performance of existing policies, identify areas for improvement, and establish evidence-based policies to increase income creation in the region by analyzing revenue data. This can lead to improved policy results and more informed decision-making.