Revenue-generating Potential Research Articles

Utilización de un impuesto sobre ventas de tabaco en la fase minorista destinado a la financiación de la farmacoterapia para la deshabituación tabáquica

Objectives To analyze the revenue-generating potential of a new retail sales tax on tobacco and its effects on public health if the tax revenues were allocated to finance smoking cessation programs. Methods We provide an extensive review of the legislation on the authority of autonomous communities to order the levy and collection of special taxes and describe the new tobacco retail sales tax. We calculated collected tax revenues with a simulation model of indirect taxation -the SINDIEF ( Simulador de Imposición Indirecta del Instituto de Estudios Fiscales) model– and determined the potential number of smokers who would quit smoking. Epidemiological and clinical variables from existing pharmacological therapies were used to obtain the results. Results For the highest tax rate (20 eurocents per pack), we found that 1,078,000 smokers yearly would give up smoking, suggesting that the new tax could be considered as a way to promote pharmacotherapy in smoking behavior. Conclusions Fiscal corresponsability to finance smoking cessation programs could be based on a tobacco retailing sales tax, similar to that levied on hydrocarbons. Simulations for different tax rates show the huge potential of the tax to yield revenues, as the tax is levied yearly on 4.6 billion cigarette packs each year.

Reply: "Professional Team Sports Are Only a Game: The Walrasian Fixed-Supply Conjecture Model, Contest-Nash Equilibrium, and the Invariance Principle"

Szymanski (2004) explained that at a noncooperative Nash equilibrium for talent choice in a team sports league, revenue sharing will lead to a less-balanced distribution of talent (assuming teams have asymmetric revenue-generating potential). This proposition contradicts the well-known invariance principle. Eckard suggests that these results rest on assumptions about the elasticity of talent supply. This reply explains that this is not the case and that revenue sharing leads to a reduction in competitive balance, whether the supply of talent is elastic or not.

Forest harvesting, resource-based tourism, and remoteness: an analysis of northern Ontario's sport fishing tourism

This paper assesses the impact that the routine application of Ontario's forest management planning process has on the revenue generation of sport fishing tourism sites. The analysis employs a hedonic pricing model to examine jointly these effects on revenue for three tourism experiences. These tourism experiences offer different degrees of remoteness, and as a consequence, require different levels of effort and cost to visit. Modelling the relationship between price and attributes of sites such as remoteness permits the analysis to forecast the revenue generation potential of sport fishing tourism sites under a range of forest management schemes. The results show that the extent of forest harvesting had no statistical relationship with prices charged for fishing packages at road-, boat-, or train-accessible sites and a negative but small impact on the prices charged for fishing packages at sites accessible by float plane.

The Value of Agricultural Economics Extension Programming: An Application of Contingent Valuation

We use the contingent valuation method to estimate participant willingness to pay for agricultural economics extension programming. The data, collected as part of standard evaluation forms for the Ohio State University's 2001 Agricultural Outlook and Policy program series, and subsequent analysis suggest participant benefits exceeded departmental costs of conducting the program (benefit-cost ratios of 1.07 under conservative assumptions and 1.74 under moderate assumptions). We also use the data to explore the revenue generation potential from alternative program pricing and discuss the potential for developing differentiated programs to reach distinct audience segments. Additional research necessary before implementing alternative pricing or program differentiation plans is also discussed.

Lessons from the UK Know How Funds Initiative

This paper analyses the development and change in direction and decision making in relation to one objective of a Know How Funds (KHF) Training and Academic Links (TACL) project. The project involved professional and academic collaboration between a British and a Russian university and their respective business networks. The author refers briefly to summaries of the relevant sections of the periodic financial reports of the award holder, submitted during the project to the British Council. She then reviews the resulting development of a commercial ‘vehicle’, by means of which the Russian university intended to provide undergraduate and peer education in business to a private-sector market. An analysis of the strategic financial decision making is provided. The findings from the case study support the argument that academic institutions in emergent market economies can recognize the revenue generation potential of peer business education provision and that award schemes such as the (now obsolete) Know How Funds initiative can facilitate this recognition.

The Parlay proxy manager-Architecture considerations

The Parlay/OSA standards enable service providers to safely expose, in a regulated manner, pre-packaged network service capabilities to a large body of external third-party application developers. The objective is to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of new applications that could significantly enhance the end-user experience and improve the revenue-generating potential. The Parlay/OSA model supports service sessions to permit client applications to connect to various services hosted by a Parlay or open service access (OSA) gateway. Framework services may be configured to enable a suitable distribution of load at a session level granularity among the various service instances. Finer granularity of request distribution and more reliable end-to-end service access may be achieved through support for proxy manager architectures. In this paper, we present schemes for load distribution and higher reliability, and proxy manager architecture alternatives. We then further extend the proxy concept to application mediation and cross-protocol, cross-domain service reuse. © 2003 Lucent Technologies Inc.

Voice services in next-generation networks: The evolution of the intelligent network and its role in generating new revenue opportunities

At least half of all interexchange carrier (IXC) voice calls can be classified as 800/Freephone or virtual private network (VPN) calls, generating on the order of $20 billion in revenue for IXC operators in the United States. As next-generation network operators deploy their packet data backbones, these advanced voice services will become essential to network operators seeking to attract key business customers. Furthermore, as incumbent local exchange carriers (ILECs) grow their packet data backbone business, they will gain new revenue-generating opportunities by interworking their existing voice services with new data networks. Intelligent network (IN)-based service platforms will play a key role in addressing such next-generation network needs. For instance, IN-based services are evolving to interwork with the Internet. This evolution will provide existing network-based high-value voice services with an easier to use Web-based graphical user interface (GUI) for both subscriber call control and service provisioning. Easier-to-use services like these will produce more revenue, and IN-based products will expand the revenue-generating potential of voice services for next-generation network providers.

Shelter from the Storm: Optimizing Distribution of Bus Stop Shelters in Los Angeles

The functions of bus stop shelters and factors affecting their placement at stops in transit systems are analyzed. Drawing on information from a variety of sources, current shelter placement policy in Los Angeles was found to be guided principally by the revenue-generating potential of shelter advertisements, secondarily by political concerns over geographic equity, and only peripherally on the basis of bus stop use. Using data on shelter and stop locations, boardings, and headways, a methodology is developed for measuring the cumulative use of bus stops with regard to person-min of wait time. Then this measure is used to evaluate three scenarios of bus stop placement, each of which optimizes the goals of ( a) private shelter providers, ( b) locally elected officials, and ( c) bus patrons, respectively. The conclusion is that either of the latter two scenarios would dramatically—by 2.3 person-years each day—increase the time that bus patrons in Los Angeles spend under shelter while waiting for buses at stops. This analysis both demonstrates the utility of using stop-coded boarding data in combination with headway data in the planning of bus stop shelters and shows the ineffectiveness and inequities that can arise when the sheltering of waiting passengers is not explicitly incorporated into policies guiding the placement of transit shelters.

Airline in-flight entertainment: the passengers’ perspective

Following relaxation of economic regulation in many aviation markets, the competition amongst airlines has intensified in recent years. This has resulted in improvements in airline products, especially in the in-flight services. One of the areas on which airlines have focused their attention is the provision of personal in-flight entertainment (IFE). In 1998, airlines spent $1.8 billion on IFE. However, the industry is faced with a number of questions in relation to such levels of investment: Are the investments justified? Does IFE influence passengers’ choice of airline? Does IFE have a revenue-generating potential? What does the future hold as far as the IFE services are concerned? This paper addresses these questions based on a passengers survey and literature review. The results indicate that while IFE is not amongst the primary factors affecting passengers’ choice, it contributes greatly to passengers’ satisfaction with airline services. While provision of IFE can currently act as a differentiating factor, in the future it will become part of passengers’ expectations. It has also become apparent that, while IFE has the potential to generate some revenue, it would not be enough to cover the total costs associated with the installation and running of IFE systems. The impact of IFE would be felt, indirectly, through increase in passenger loyalty which should have a positive impact on airline revenues.

Courses without classrooms.

There is an alternative to classroom lecture that provides faster, more complete instruction and introduces the learner to clinical application of skills in a safe environment. This teaching style uses multiple media to present professional, published resources that provide excellent quality, topic-specific information. The benefits of this type of teaching/learning module include improved use of student and instructor time, scheduling advantages, increased learning, revenue generation potential, and student empowerment. With this approach, a strong, sound educational base is built, and each course includes some degree or form of clinical application as a key component.

Management Note

In Ada County, Idaho, a collection problem existed for traffic court cases, but no one knew the full extent of the outstanding receivables or the court’s collection rate. The District Court in Ada County conducted a research project, which calculated the approximate cost to the taxpayers for nonpaying traffic infraction offenders, the outstanding accounts receivables for 1991 through 1995, and the corresponding unearned interest. The results were eye-opening and reinforced the importance for all courts to monitor financial reports on a regular basis, to be aware of the revenue-generating potential of a strong collection program, and to avoid assuming that collections are at an acceptable level.

Attributes of Development Tools: Success and Failure in Local Economic Development

This article examines the attributes of local economic development policy instruments and asks whether these attributes can predict (1) project success as defined in archival data and in interviews of city officials, and (2) revenue generation as defined in conventional return on investment terms. Based on our analyses of quantitative and qualitative data from 40 city-supported development projects nationwide, the lesson for development projects designed or supported because of their revenue-generating potential appears to be that the city's economic condition is an important predictor of the revenue-generating success of a project. Further, the less complicated and the more routine or standard the bundle of incentives offered (especially by economically healthy cities), the greater the probability of revenue-generating success. Project success, however, is related to other factors. The more controversial the project, the more likely that down the road, the city will have an unsuccessful development project on its hands. Knowing the political risk of a project aids in predicting the success of the project.

The Social and Economic Impact of State Lotteries

Lotteries played an important role in the foundation of the United States but were abandoned because of abuses in the nineteenth century. Their reintroduction occurred in the second half of this century, when states turned to them as a way of generating needed revenue. This article explores the revenue-generating potential of state lotteries and concludes that they are incapable of contributing significant amounts of money to state coffers, and that they have not made inroads into illegal gambling. In the drive to increase revenues through legalized gambling, legislators may be ignoring their responsibility to address critical social issues directly through more progressive forms of revenue generation. To the extent that lotteries are utilized as a politically expedient alternative to taxation, they impede effective and constructive approaches to the amelioration of critical social problems.

Pharmacy-based infusion pump program

A pharmacy-based program for the procurement, allocation and maintenance of infusion pumps is presented. Policies and procedures for various facets of the program, job descriptions for personnel, and training programs for pharmacy and nursing personnel are discussed. A plan for quality assurance, including in-use accuracy testing, preventive maintenance, repairs, and complete record keeping and documentation is outlined. Various aspects of equipment selection, economic justification of equipment, and revenue generation potential are addressed. It is concluded that an infusion pump program can be operated successfully by the hospital pharmacy department.