Reuse Process Research Articles

Sustainable and efficient degradation of chlorpyrifos by the synergy mixed Fe–Al (ZVI@Almix) bimetallic particles: Performance and mechanism

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world, and its improper use will cause serious pollution to ecological safety and water environment. There is an urgent need for an efficient, environmental-friendly, and cost-effective removal technology. ZVI@Almix (mixed zero-valent iron and aluminum) is a potential technology for degrading CPF by combining it with ZVI (zero-valent iron), ZVAl (zero-valent aluminum) and ZVI@Alsup (supported zero-valent iron and aluminum). This technology can efficiently degrade CPF, achieving a removal rate of 93.47% and a complete mineralization rate of 62.15% at the concentration of 10 mg/L, pH of 7.0, temperature of 25 °C, and ZVI@Almix dosage of 0.30 g/L, and can effectively alleviate the interference of anions and HA in actual wastewater. The elemental evolution and solution composition of ZVI@Almix indicates that the material has an activation effect on O2 in solution. The existence of •OH and O2−• in the reaction and the degradation of CPF were confirmed by quenching experiments and electron spin resonance. In addition, Al provides electronic output for ZVI, which prolongs the life of ZVI and guarantees the sustainable degradation ability of ZVI@Almix. The detection of pollutant degradation intermediates initially proposed two degradation pathways, the cleavage of C–O–P bonds, and the substitution of S and methyl groups. DFT calculation proves that pathway Ⅰ is more favorable in the reaction process, and the toxicity assessment also shows that the product toxicity of pathway Ⅰ is slightly lower than that of pathway Ⅱ. Finally, ZVI@Almix has strong reusability, the removal rate of CPF in the fourth reuse process can still reach 80.91%, and the material recovery in the fifth time can still reach 80.46%. This study proposed a mechanism to degrade CPF using cheap bimetallic particles and confirmed its feasibility through practice and theory. These findings not only provide an efficient, green, and economical pollution control technology for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides in the wastewater but also provide new ideas for the application of ZVI-based bimetallic materials in the field of environmental governance.

Preliminary Review of Adaptive Reuse Practice for Heritage Buildings

The economy is measured based on the development of a city and the new development will involve costs for material, energy, and time which also generates high carbon emissions. It is important to have guidelines to retain and sustain the heritage development and reduce the reality of climate change due to the urgency towards sustainability. This paper aims to provide knowledge contribution and awareness of the adaptive reuse for heritage buildings in line with heritage preservation and sustainable design. Besides, important factors to be considered for adaptive reuse in heritage buildings that can be focused as one of the important maintenance strategies for heritage development The method used in this research is qualitative method which is by carrying out semi structured interview, case study, and observation. The observation has been done towards the case study to identify the principles and processes of adaptive reuse applied. The findings existing factors of adaptive reuse practices in the case study, significant factors of reuse for heritage buildings, and recommendations to develop awareness to protect heritage buildings. Many factors influenced the implementation of adaptive reuse, including the building's state, ineffective management, and the building's purpose should be considered to improve the preservation process for better value of the building.

Characterization of Glass Waste Resulting from Milling Process for Reuse as Filler in Brake Friction Composites

Characterization of Glass Waste Resulting from Milling Process for Reuse as Filler in Brake Friction Composites

Synchronization of Ti3C2 MXene/Fe3+ with sodium persulfate for the degradation of reactive dyes

Rapid activation of sodium persulfate (SPS) for the degradation of C.I. Reactive Red 218 (RR218) was achieved using Ti3C2 MXene reduction of trace Fe3+. The degradation rate of RR218 reached 97.7% using a mixture containing 3 g L−1 of SPS, 3.35 mg L−1 of Fe3+ and 60 mg L−1 of MXene stirred at 25 °C for 30 min. The intense reduction of Ti3C2 MXene triggers the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle thereby accelerating the activation of SPS. When reactive dyes were degraded by Fe3+/SPS/MXene process, ·OH played a major role. The dye degradation capacity of the Fe3+/SPS/MXene process decreased after 5 cycles of recycling. In addition, the wastewater treated under these conditions resulted in high dyeing efficiencies in reuse experiments. This study not only improves the understanding of the catalytic reaction of MXene but also provides a wastewater treatment and reuse process with low metal consumption and high efficiency.

Increasing the role of sustainability in public procurement of personal protective equipment

Sustainability in producing and procuring personal protective equipment (PPE) has become increasingly important in recent years as the COVID-19 pandemic multiplied their usage worldwide. PPE is mostly produced from fossil-based plastic materials, which burdens the environment. We investigate how sustainability from environmental and social perspectives was considered in public tenders in a non-strategic category of PPE during the pandemic, and what were the most relevant enablers and barriers for healthcare procurement units to implement sustainable procurement practices in their procurement actions. Literature review focused on barriers and enablers of sustainable procurement. We interviewed procurement managers and specialists in Finnish healthcare organizations. The transcribed interviews were examined using the inductive content analysis. Sustainability is limitedly considered in public tenders, even though the EU directive on public procurement and national legislation encourages sustainability. Lack of local production, infrastructure for purification and reuse, financial and human resources, organizational level actions and end-users’ perceptions appear to be the most significant barriers for public procurement units. Due to these factors, sustainability was not the decisive factor in selecting providers for PPE during in the pandemic. Sustainability is often highlighted in relation to public sector and especially public procurement, but according to our findings it shows significantly less in actual procurement practices. Efforts are required to both offer more sustainable PPE in the market and developing the recycling and reuse processes in healthcare.

All-Component Recycling and Reuse Process for Spent LiFePO4 Cathodes

All-Component Recycling and Reuse Process for Spent LiFePO₄ Cathodes

Pollution Load Reduction from Domestic Wastewater with Electrocoagulation Process for Agricultural Reuse

Objectives: The present study is aimed to investigate electrocoagulation of domestic wastewater and assessment of pollutants removal efficiency for potential reuse in agriculture. Methods: The electrocoagulation treatment of domestic wastewater with Fe – Fe electrodes was performed under optimal conditions of pH (8.0), current density (0.6 mA/cm2), treatment time (45 minutes), and NaCl dose (2.8 g/L) in a slurry type of reactor. The primary clarified and biotreated domestic wastewaters were subjected to electrocoagulation with Direct Current (DC) as power source. Findings: There was observed higher pollutants removal efficiency from the biotreated wastewater as compared with the primary clarified wastewater after electrocoagulation. The treated wastewaters showed significant removal of pollutants in terms of BOD (79.5% – 87.9%), COD (86.8% – 89.5%), TDS (87.4% – 89.9%), TSS (66.7% – 75.3%), conductivity (77.8% – 78.4%), turbidity (74% – 81.2%), colour (77.7% – 86.2%), nitrates (44.1% – 51.7%), and phosphates (48.7% – 55.9%) after electrocoagulation treatment. Electrocoagulation considerably improved the biodegradability index of the primary clarified (0.59 to 0.92) and biotreated (0.69 to 0.8) wastewaters. This indicates easy removal of the pollutants further by biological processes in the aquatic ecosystems. Electrocoagulation demonstrated potential for removal of pollution from the domestic wastewater for productive reuse in agriculture and urban areas. Novelty: There exist few studies of use of electrochemical process for treatment and reuse of domestic wastewater. The treated waters complied with the regulatory standards and had satisfactory quality for reuse in agriculture and urban activities. Keywords: Electrocoagulation, Domestic wastewater, Biodegradability index, Agricultural reuse, National Green Tribunal

Üsküdar Electricity Factory - Nevmekan: Evaluation of The Structural System in The Context of Adaptive Reuse

Buildings in Türkiye that reflect the impact of European industrialization in the 18th century and later are now considered industrial heritage. These buildings, which are worthy of preservation, can be brought back to the city with the understanding of adaptive reuse. However, in this case, seismic loads, which pose a great risk for industrial heritage buildings, are among the important issues that need to be discussed. Therefore, the adaptive reuse of such buildings focuses on structural system design, repair, and strengthening. In evaluating the structural system, efforts are also made to establish the link between the old identities of the buildings and their present identities. In the study, the adaptive reuse process of the Üsküdar Electricity Factory (Nevmekan), an industrial heritage building located in Istanbul, is evaluated by focusing on the original architectural and structural system and the architectural and structural system design after the adaptive reuse. In the research, the survey and restoration drawings were obtained from the Üsküdar Municipality, and the original and adaptive reused structural system of the building was evaluated according to the criteria in the current earthquake code. While the Nevmekan building constitutes a positive example of social, cultural, economic, and sustainability issues with its reuse approach, the evaluation of seismic effects and their application to the building has been limited. In Türkiye, which is an earthquake zone, to preserve buildings of such high historical and industrial value and to transfer them safely to future generations, it is necessary to give importance to the improvement of the structural system in adaptive reuse projects.

Dewatering Process for Reuse of Seabed Dredging Material and Time and Cost Optimization of the Process by Value Engineering Method

The decrease in resources in the world has led people to produce new solutions for the more efficient use of resources and to use various management techniques. One of the techniques used is Value Engineering. Value Engineering strives to increase the value of structures by optimally organizing each component that makes up the structure. Increasing the value of a structure is possible by eliminating all the unnecessary costs in line with specific criteria and by providing the optimal solution between the owner, the user, and the contractor's objectives, that is, the duration, cost, and quality. This study includes the changes the Value Engineering team made to increase the value of the materials extracted from the submarine in a Container Port Terminal project without harming the environment and making them reusable. While expanding the project value, it also aimed to reduce the project duration and cost by considering the sustainability criteria. The original project was to create a clay pool while dewatering, separating the material, filling the loose sand into the reclamation area, and removing the sludge material by sea. With the recommendation of the value engineering team, the dewatering process was transformed into a method of directly pressing the dredged loose sand into the breeding area, filtering the material with geotextile tubes, and removing the material by loading it on the pontoons. With this change in the project, 42% savings were obtained from the cost and 21% from the project duration.

Improving water security and sanitation in rural areas: comparative evaluation of TiO2 and photo-Fenton processes for rural wastewater treatment and reuse

Improving water security and sanitation in rural areas: comparative evaluation of TiO2 and photo-Fenton processes for rural wastewater treatment and reuse

Achieving a circular economy through the effective reuse of construction products: A case study of a residential building

The building and construction industry is characterized by high consumption of raw materials, waste generation, and significant energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. A substantial change in the way this sector operates is necessary to reduce its strong negative impact on the environment. In this context, the implementation of circular strategies is critical to achieving sustainable development. Reusing construction products derived from obsolete buildings at their end of life is increasingly being investigated as a strategy to achieve circularity. Despite growing interest, both in the literature and in the industry, several challenges hinder the large-scale adoption of circular reuse. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the efficient implementation of reuse in practice. The focus is on data and information that can support the reusability assessment of construction products. The findings are obtained through a case study comprising a building project in Bergen, Norway. First, the study assesses which material properties and information are available in the project, leading to the definition of eight information-driven evaluation criteria and a three-step process for reuse. The three-step process encompasses the following: (1) collecting information, (2) information-driven evaluations, and (3) planning for reuse. Each criterion is then shown in a reusability matrix, emphasizing an information-driven approach to reuse that has the potential to be extended beyond the context of the case study. Considerations for improving data management in a circular reuse process are discussed. This study provides an innovative method that may lead to a circular economy and sustainable development in the future.

A Process for Monitoring the Impact of Architecture Principles on Sustainability: An Industrial Case Study

Architecture principles affect a software system holistically. Given their alignment with a business strategy, they should be incorporated within the validation process covering aspects of sustainability. However, current research discusses the influence of architecture principles on sustainability in a limited context. Our objective was to introduce a reusable process for monitoring and evaluating the impact of architecture principles on sustainability from a software architecture perspective. We sought to demonstrate the application of such a process in professional practice. A qualitative case study was conducted in the context of a Dutch airport management company. Data collection involved a case analysis and the execution of two rounds of expert interviews. We (i) identified a set of case-related key performance indicators, (ii) utilized commonly accepted measurement tools, and (iii) employed graphical representations in the form of spider charts to monitor the sustainability impacts. The real-world observations were evaluated through a concluding focus group. Our findings indicated that architecture principles were a feasible mechanism with which to address sustainability across all different architecture layers within the enterprise. The experts considered the sustainability analysis valuable in guiding the software architecture process towards sustainability. With the emphasis on principles, we facilitate industry adoption by embedding sustainability in existing mechanisms.

Assessing the Rate of Recyclable Plastic Wastes and Recycling Economic Value in Hospitals of Yazd in 2022

Introduction: Special and infectious wastes are the most significant wastes generated in hospitals, health centers, and similar facilities. Reducing and recycling such wastes at the source pose significant challenges to waste management. Therefore, this study assesses the components of healthcare waste in terms of their recyclability, emphasizing different types of plastic. Materials and Methods: Data collection involved sampling normal and infectious waste in selected hospitals over three months using monthly checklists. The total waste generated in these hospitals was analyzed on a daily basis. Moreover, the average microbial load of infectious waste was determined through microbial strip tests and biological tests following patient companion. Tests were performed with the acceptable performance of safe hospital devices with the destruction of microorganisms. Results: Average waste composition in the selected hospitals included 65-70% general waste and 30-35% infectious waste. The most common generated infectious waste was polyethylene (PE) sets (800 kg/month), while the predominant general waste was nylon bags for polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) packaging (520 kg/month). Hospital 1 had the highest per capita production of recyclable waste, generating 7,900 kg and 2,550 kg of normal and infectious waste per month, respectively. The total revenue generated from selling normal and infectious plastic waste was 1.4 and 0.2, respectively. Conclusion: The mixing of waste can be prevented by properly segregating normal and infectious waste and adequate staff training. Given the escalating disposal costs of health-care waste (HCW) and the shrinking space in landfills, efforts to minimize waste generation are crucial for effective recycling and reuse processes.

A noval salt effect coupled vacuum distillation process for high efficient ultra-azeotropic reuse of spent HCl

The escalating challenge of recycling and treating spent hydrochloric acid (HCl) in various industries, driven by stringent environmental regulations, necessitates urgent solutions for the reuse of spent HCl in industrial processes. However, the concentration and reuse of spent HCl have been impeded by azeotropism. In this study, an innovative salt effect coupled vacuum distillation process was introduced to enable the rapid and convenient recovery of HCl. Salts and vacuum environment both can be found to break the azeotropism effectively, augment the disparity in the dissociation abilities of HCl and H2O in clusters, and enhance the evaporation rate. Specifically, MgCl2 and CaCl2 salt systems were selected, achieving recovered HCl concentrations of 9.66 and 9.85 mol/L, with corresponding recovery rates of 86.45 % and 80.65 %, respectively. For the reuse of spent HCl from chlorinated distillation for extracting germanium (Ge), the presence of As(V) poses a risk to Ge recovery and potential contamination of the Ge product. Excellent resistance to As(Ⅴ) mobilization (<2%) was obtained in the CaCl2 system. To comprehensively understand the salt’s role in breaking azeotropism, molecular simulations were employed. The Mg2+/Ca2+ ions were observed to bind with H2O molecules in the solution, weakening the force between H2O and HCl, decreasing the dissociation energy of HCl molecules by 35 times (from 102.82 to 2.94 kJ/mol), and increasing the dissociation energy of H2O molecules from 52.5 to 61.5 kJ/mol. The proposed process integrates high HCl recovery with an ultra-azeotropic concentrating effect, offering a novel approach for reusing spent HCl in industrial applications.

Toward a framework of extracting typical machining process routines based on knowledge representation learning

With the application of CAPP systems, manufacturing enterprises have accumulated a large volume of process data of parts, which are important strategic resources. Deeply mining the value hidden in these process data to improve the reuse rate of process knowledge is the key to realize the intellectualization of process planning. This paper builds a novel framework of extracting typical machining process routines (TMPRs) based on knowledge representation learning. First, two graph models, which describe machining processes including the relationships among “part-material-process-machine tool-cutting tool”, are established to present the semantic meaning of process data through the connectivity of graph structures in a direct way. One model conforms to the standard process routes, while the other makes some modifications to make the node “parts” have more in-links and out-links. Then, TransD algorithm is used to map the entities and relations based on the two models into dense low-dimensional real-valued spaces, and the better model is determined. After that, the vectors representing the parts of the better model are clustered, and the results show that the parts with a similar operation sequence and processed by the same cutting tools and machine tools can be clustered into the same cluster. This method breaks through the singleness and limitation of the traditional classification depending on the features of parts. Furthermore, TMPRs are extracted from the cluster results to verify the expression ability of semantic meaning of these vectors. Finally, we package the main functions of the research results into corresponding software modules. Compared with the existing process reuse methods, the proposed framework is much more efficient and extensible.

Ethics and aesthetics of adaptive heritage reuse in Europe: an introduction to what happens to territories when heritage is touched

PurposeThe paper introduces ethical and aesthetical implications emerging from participative forms of adaptive heritage reuse. Its aim is to depict the overall framework to contextualize the investigations explored in the Special Issue titled “Ethics and aesthetics of adaptive heritage reuse in Europe.” Therefore, the article confronts with potentialities and contradictions of “open” heritage processes, introducing key critical elements to recode heritage practices and planning in today’s conjuncture of global change.Design/methodology/approachThe paper drawn on a literature review, which combines different bodies of studies: heritage, urban studies, care studies and recent policy documents. A photographic essay, moreover, serves to “augment” the presented argumentations through a visual apparatus resulting from one of Gaia Ginevra Giorgi’s artwork, which develops in the intersection between performative art, participation and territorial reuse.FindingsThe author argues that for adaptive heritage reuse to be really sustainable, ethical and aesthetical heritage codes need to be reassessed and reoriented toward the present socio-ecological priorities, multiplicating the ways cultural heritage is conceived, valued and reused. The paper suggests proceeding along the creative paths of uncertainty, providing the first elements to develop political projects of abundance and enjoyment for current urban settlements.Practical implicationsThe presented argumentations can be used as a baseline by heritage managers and policymakers to experiment with participative processes of adaptive heritage reuse and to identify more environmentally and socially just trajectories of urban development.Originality/valueThe paper expands the concept of adaptive heritage reuse, considering the active participation of both human and non-human agents. Treating heritage in a laic way, namely free from absolute and preordered judgments of value, it deals with uncomfortable heritage materiality and contexts, illuminating the quality of unpleasant or odd forms of beauty.

Analisis Penanganan Limbah Konstruksi pada Proyek Pasar Tumburuni di Kabupaten Fakfak

Construction waste is a threat to the community environment and living creatures around construction projects. It is necessary to handle construction waste appropriately considering that not all materials can be used 100% during the construction process. Construction waste causes hazardous chemical contamination which is the result of a number of hazardous chemicals being applied to building materials, or the discharge of chemicals in the construction and demolition waste stream. This research aims to apply the 3R principle (Reduse, Reuse and Recycle) contained in the Responsible Waste Management Hierarchy structure. Case study of the Tuumburuni Market development project in Fakfak Regency. Tumburuni Market is the first modern market built in Fakfak Regency and has become a role model for other construction projects. Good waste management in the construction process will reduce the impact on the environment. The research method uses survey and interview methods. The data obtained is explained in data tabulation and described based on the Waste Management Hierarchy theory. Research results show that as many as 80% of consumable materials go through a reuse process before finally being thrown away. Meanwhile, 20% of wood waste is not used because it is broken and unfit for use.

Analisis Strategi Pengelolaan Bank Sampah Sebagai Upaya Menambah Pendapatan Pondok Pesantren menggunakan Analisis SWOT

Waste is the remains of daily human activities that are discarded from sources resulting from human and natural activities that do not have economic value. In 2020, total national waste will reach 67.8 million tons. This means that almost 270 million Indonesians produce around 185,753 tonnes of waste per day or 0.68 kilograms per individual. Al-Ihya Ulumaddin Islamic Boarding School is one of the boarding schools that requires education about waste and how to handle it. This is because waste handling has not yet reached the stage of the recycling or reuse process. Based on the description above, this research aims to analyze waste bank management strategies as an effort to increase business income at the Al-Ihya Ulumaddin Islamic Boarding School through the Waste Bank using the SWOT and Matrix Space methods. The research method in this study is a qualitative method and SWOT analysis which was carried out on the waste bank managers of the Al-Ihya Ulumaddin Islamic Boarding School, namely 10 people. The resulting conclusion is that there is participation and positive responses from students and the community. There is support from the students and the community. Analysis based on Matrix Space processing is in the Conservative quadrant, this can be seen in the support of facilities and infrastructure in carrying out managerial planning for waste management carried out by the AL Ihya Ulumadin Islamic boarding school. The recommendations proposed based on the SWOT analysis are building cooperatives, innovating recycled products with better quality, building networks, building communication with consumers, and innovating waste products.

Cheese wastewater treatment through combined coagulation-flocculation and photo-Fenton-like advanced oxidation processes for reuse in irrigation: effect of operational parameters and phytotoxicity assessment.

The present study aims to investigate the efficiency of a combined cheese wastewater treatment approach involving coagulation with ferric chloride coupled with a photo-Fenton-like oxidation process for potential reuse in irrigation. Laboratory-scale tests were conducted, examining the effect of various operational parameters on the treatment process. Specifically, the effects of initial wastewater pH, coagulant dosage, decantation time for the coagulation process, and initial pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration, and Fe3+ and H2O2 dosages for photo-Fenton-like oxidation were studied. Coagulation was found effective at natural pH of 6 and showed a highest removal efficiency in terms of COD (50.6%), biological oxygen demand BOD5 (42.1%), turbidity (99.3%), and least sludge volume generation (11.8% v/v) for an optimum coagulant dose of 400mg Fe3+ L-1 and 8h of decantation time. Thereafter, photo-Fenton-like oxidation (Fe3+/H2O2/UVA-300W) of the pretreated cheese effluent enhanced the removal of COD, BOD5 and TOC to 91.2%, 91.4%, and 97.5%, respectively, using the optimized conditions (pH = 3; [Fe3+] = 5.0 × 10-4mol L-1; [H2O2] = 0.2mol L-1 and tirr = 24h). This study also shows that the proposed combined process allowed a significant phytotoxicity reduction toward lentil seed germination. The obtained outcome was encouraging and supports the possible use of the treated cheese wastewater as an additional water source for agricultural irrigation.

Mechanical Strength and Surface Analysis of a Composite Made from Recycled Carbon Fibre Obtained via the Pyrolysis Process for Reuse in the Manufacture of New Composites.

This work aims to obtain recycled carbon fibre and develop an application for this new material. The carbon fibres were obtained by recycling aerospace prepreg waste via the pyrolysis process. The recycled fibres were combined with an Araldite LH5052/Aradur LY5053 epoxy resin/hardener system using manual lay-up and vacuum bagging processes. For comparison, the same resin/hardener system was used to produce a composite using commercial carbon fibre. The recycled and commercial composites were subjected to flexural, tensile and Mode I testing. Fracture aspects were analysed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pyrolysis process did not affect the fibre surface as no degradation was observed. The fracture aspect showed a mixture of failure in the recycled composite laminate and interlaminar/translaminar failure near the surface of the commercial composite caused by flexural stress. Flexural and tensile tests showed a loss of mechanical strength due to the recycling process, but the tensile values were twice as high. The sand ladder platform was the project chosen for the development of a product made with recycled carbon fibres. The product was manufactured using the same manufacturing process as the specimens and tested with a 1243 kg car. The method chosen to design, manufacture and test the prototype sand ladder platform made of recycled carbon fibre was appropriate and gave satisfactory results in terms of high mechanical strength to bending and ease of use.