Reuse Of Industrial Wastes Research Articles

Experimental study on tailings cementation by MICP technique with immersion curing.

The filling mining method is an effective method for controlling ground stress and preventing surface subsidence in the mining field during exploitation of underground resources. Tailings can be utilized as the filling material, so as to realize the reuse of industrial waste. However, utilization of the traditional Portland cement as the cementing material for tailings leads to groundwater pollution. In addition, production of Portland cement results in consumption of a great amount of ore and air pollution. In this paper, a tailings cementation method by using the microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) technique with immersion curing is proposed. Tailings are cemented by the MICP technique with aerobic bacteria (Sporosarcina pasteurii) under a soaked curing environment. The variable control method is applied to investigate the factors influencing the cementation effects by the MICP technique with Sporosarcina pasteurii, including the bacterial solution concentration, the cementing solution concentration, the particle size of tailings, and the curing temperature. The results indicate that: when OD600 of the Sporosarcina pasteurii solution is 1.6, the urea concentration in the cementing solution is 0.75 mol/L, the tailings are raw materials without grinding, and the curing temperature is 30°C, the cementation effect is the best. In view of uneven calcification during MICP with Sporosarcina pasteurii, mixed Sporosarcina pasteurii and Castellaniella denitrificans are used for tailings cementation. Higher strength of cemented tailings is achieved. It is proved that the MICP technique with mixed aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobes is an effective method for tailings cementation.

Low-Cost RSAC and Adsorption Characteristics in the Removal of Copper Ions from Wastewater

Adsorption is a typical method for treating copper-containing wastewater. Fly ash and steel slag both have a good adsorption performance, and activated clay is added in this study, too. In this study, the performance of residue and soil adsorption composite (RSAC) particles for copper ion adsorption was discussed through the substrate ratio and the influence mechanism, to achieve the win–win effect of industrial waste reuse and copper ion wastewater treatment. The results indicated that adsorption time, dosage, initial copper ion concentration, coexisting ions, and temperature showed different effects on the adsorption, respectively. Additionally, the adsorption kinetic study showed the removal of copper ions by adsorption of RSAC particles was in accordance with quasi-primary kinetic model and quasi-secondary kinetic model. The adsorption thermodynamics study shows the adsorption process of ΔG0 < 0, ΔH0 > 0 and ΔS0 > 0, indicating that the process of copper ion adsorption by RSAC particles was spontaneous, heat-absorbing, and entropy-increasing. The research demonstrates that RSAC particles have a certain adsorption capacity for copper ion.

Waste management of grits as filler in gypsum plasters: a new approach

The reuse of industrial waste plays a crucial role in avoiding environmental impacts caused by incorrect disposal. Industrial production commonly generates huge volumes of wastes, and also increased costs associated with waste management and landfills maintenance. This study investigates the reuse of grit waste, from the cellulose kraft industry, as filler in gypsum plaster. Samples were prepared in proportions of 100/0, 85/15, 75/25 and 50/50 gypsum/grits and tested at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The mechanical resistance with incorporation of up to 25 wt% grit as filler is greater than that recommended in the regulatory standards. Flexural and compression strength tests for 15 wt% of gypsum replaced achieved values of 4.5 and 8.3 MPa, respectively. The manufacture of gypsum/grit is a viable solution for waste management and has great potential for enabling fabrication of gypsum plaster board, a low-cost and more sustainable new material.

Environmentalization of Production as a Direction of Ensuring the Sustainability of Production Activities of Enterprises and Increasing Their Economic Security

Within the article, the essence of the concept and theoretical aspects of greening production as a separate area of ensuring the sustainability of production activities of the enterprise is considered. The basic principles of ensuring the environmentalization of production have been studied, among the key ones are the principles of systematization, complexity, responsibility, scientific validity, economic balance, as well as the principle of permanent improvement. The authors also consider the main tools for production greening (utilization, recycling, biochemical, bioenergy technologies and technologies of environmental adaptation), as well as a study of the main stages of production greening. The dynamics of some indicators that characterize the trends in the prevalence of production greening among entrepreneurs in terms of the number of enterprises that implement relevant measures and those, which measures, are innovative and significant. The methodical approach of estimation of production greening with use of the methods of standardization, complex indicators and comparison is offered. A list of recommended measures for production greening by enterprises has been formed. The list of recommendatory measures of the enterprises production greening is formed, which include: development of ways to ensure the processing and reuse of industrial waste; conducting a study of the production system for the possible generation of returnable waste; introduction of measures to reduce the material consumption of products; reduction of energy consumption of equipment’s separate elements; development and implementation of technological processes that eliminate or minimize emissions and emissions of harmful substances into the environment, etc.

Evaluation of solid wastes in the manufacture of ceramic tableware glazes

The recovery and reuse of industrial wastes are of great importance to the environment. Today, a large amount of waste is produced due to marble production, and it is extremely important to bring such wastes to the ceramic industry, to solve the pollution problem and to provide cost-efficient ceramic production. In this study, marble waste was used for ceramic earthenware glaze and body formulations. Marble waste was used in two different formulations as glaze and body. Chemical analysis, morphological features, crystallographic information of different formulations were made with XRF, SEM and XRD, respectively. When the hardness test results of the ceramic body and glazed samples were examined, the hardness values of the marble waste added samples increased by 1.9% compared to the standard samples. According to the results obtained, it has been seen that using marble waste in the ceramic industry is very important for both economic and environmental reasons.

Turning incinerator waste fly ash into interlocking concrete bricks for sustainable development

The reuse of industrial waste plays a vital role in sustainable development in recent years. In this study, the potential of using the densified mixture design algorithm (DMDA) to utilize waste incineration fly ash (IFA) as a cementitious replacement in interlocking concrete brick (ICB) was investigated. The differences in dimensions, visible defects, engineering properties, and long-term performance of ICB samples produced using different IFA replacement ratios (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) were examined. The results indicate that the IFA replacement level affects ICB properties significantly with increasing levels of IFA replacement associated with decreasing compressive strength, abrasion resistance, bending strength, and bulk density whereas increasing water absorption and void volume. The results of a scanning electron micrograph analysis indicate that higher IFA content is associated with a progressively less-homogeneous microstructure. The effectiveness of the DMDA algorithm was clearly verified, as all of the samples were found to comply fully with relevant Vietnamese standards. The relationships among the tested properties were then established and discussed. The findings of this study prove a promising approach for the combination DMDA algorithm and IFA materials in the production of interlocking bricks adapting sustainable development.

Modeling and simulation of the biosurfactant production by enzymatic route using xylose and oleic acid as reagents

The biosynthesis of sugar esters, molecules with biosurfactant properties, can occur through the esterification of sugars with fatty acids by enzymatic catalysis. An alternative to reduce the impact of raw materials on the final biosurfactant production cost and the reuse of industrial waste is to use residues from vegetable oil industries as a source of free fatty acids, such as oleic acid, and lignocellulosic residues of 2G ethanol as a source of sugar (xylose). In this scenario, the present work aimed at modeling the biosurfactants production via heterogeneous biocatalysis using lipase, oleic acid, and xylose. Product separation and purification were performed using a sequence of precipitations (adding ethanol, water, and methyl ethyl ketone). The simulation was performed using the equation-oriented software EMSO (Environment for Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization), CAPE-OPEN compliant. The percentage of biosurfactants in the product was around 86%, with a recovery of 88% in the purification. Regarding the study of energy expenditure, a value of -604.1 kW of heat associated with cooling and a value of 137.6 kW associated with heating was observed. Developed mathematical models successfully described the process. The initial economic analysis of the process indicates a minimum biosurfactant selling price of US$ 72.37/kg.

РОЗВИТОК СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВИМИ ВІДХОДАМИ ПРИЧОРНОМОРСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article proposes an integrated approach to assessing the development of the industrial waste management system of the Black Sea region. This approach is based on the use of a set of indicators that characterize the current state of functioning of this system from an environmental and economic point of view. Based on the obtained results of the conducted diagnostics, barriers, threats, ecological bases of functioning of the regional system of industrial waste management are revealed. As a result of the research it is proved that to ensure the effective functioning of the industrial waste management system of the Black Sea economic region it is advisable to implement an integrated approach, the implementation of which will promote sound innovative decisions in environmental management; timely solution of waste management problems using the principle of systematicity; minimization of negative impact on the environment by reducing the volume of waste generation, increasing the volume of processing and reuse of industrial waste, the transition to a circular economy, expanding the responsibility of producers; increasing the level of environmental security of the region; achieving the goals of sustainable development. In order to improve the management system of industrial waste in the Black Sea region, it is advisable to: introduce the latest technologies and equipment for collection, sorting, transportation, processing and disposal of waste, taking into account best European practices; promoting the use of waste recycling as a secondary raw material on the basis of "green" investment; development of a financial mechanism for the use of public-private partnerships based on attracting private investment and other extra-budgetary sources of funding in the field of industrial waste management; formation of logistics infrastructure facilities for waste management; creation of an appropriate cluster structure as an organizational form of partnership in the field of industrial waste management; development and implementation of tools for economic incentives for industrial waste disposal; implementation of the concept of reverse logistics in the context of the circular economy.

Predictive Study of the Influence of the Position of the Sulfonate Substituent on the Chemical Stability of Some Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Isomers

Molecules from industrial formulations are used as palliative solutions in the treatment and reuse of industrial waste, with very encouraging results in developing countries. However, the lack of knowledge of the physicochemical properties of these molecules constitutes a major obstacle in the search for an effective solution. To contribute to the characterization of their physicochemical properties, twenty molecules of linear alkyl benzenesulphonate isomers of C10 and C13 homologs and their parent structures were the subject of this study. The stability and overall reactivity parameters such as the energy gap (.∆E), the chemical potential (μ), the electrophilic index (ω) as well as the molecular dipole moment (μD) are determined by the DFT method with the level B3LYP / 6-311G (d, p) / (water; IEFPCM). The results showed that the meta position of the sulfonate substituent increases overall stability and reactivity and decreases the solubility of the more stable 2C10, 4C10, 2C13 and 3C13 homologues of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. The parent molecules (2mC10, 4mC10, 2mC13 and 3mC13) obtained more stable and less soluble are in favor of the effects observed in the treatment of industrial waste.

Pilot Scale Production of Precast Concrete Elements with Wood Biomass Ash.

Downsizing fossil fuel dependence and greenhouse gas emissions is at the forefront of a sustainable future. The expansion of renewable energy while striving to minimize dependence on fossil fuels has led to biomass taking the lead among renewable energy sources, with wood having the broadest application. Along with the growing trend of using biomass as a renewable energy source, the combustion of wood biomass results in wood biomass ash (WBA), leading to compelling amounts of waste. In this study, the technical feasibility of fly WBA from different Croatian power plants was analyzed to evaluate its potential use in precast concrete drainage elements and curb units. By implementing a performance-based design, the influence of various factors in thermal processing of wood biomass was investigated, together with a detailed characterization of WBA in order to assess the feasibility of using WBA as a secondary raw material in a large-scale industrial batching plant. The compressive strength and durability properties (water absorption, permeability, and freeze–thaw resistance) of concrete mixtures with WBA as a replacement for 15 wt% cement were evaluated and compared with the precast concrete manufacturer’s technical requirements. The main concerns identified were compositional inconsistency of WBA, workability downturn, delay in initial reactivity rate, and increased water absorption. Concrete with WBA based on a circular design has been found to be a viable solution to cement depletion, stepping up from recycling to reuse of industrial waste.

Influence of glass powder incorporation on the physical-mechanical properties of sand concrete

PurposeThis study is part of the valorization of local materials and the reuse of industrial waste in construction. This study aims to improve the physical-mechanical properties of sand concrete. This work is a continuation of previous studies conducted on sand concrete, the purpose of which is to introduce industrial waste into this material. For this purpose, a glass waste in powder form is added.Design/methodology/approachThis study is focused on the effect of adding glass powder (GP) whose mass percentage varies from 0 to 40% with an interval of 10% to target the right composition that ensures the best compromise between the characteristics studied.FindingsThe results found show that the workability and density of the studied concretes decreased with increasing GP dosage. Indeed, the optimal addition which constitutes the best compromise between the studied properties is 10% of GP. Improvements of up to about 9% in the case of flexural strength and about 18% in the case of compressive strength. The thermal conductivity has been reduced by 12.74%, the thermal diffusivity which characterizes the notion of thermal inertia has been reduced by about 4% and the specific heat mass has been reduced by 7.80%. Also, the shrinkage has been reduced by about 20%. The microstructure of the studied composite shows a good homogeneity between the aggregates. Finally, the addition of GP to sand concrete gives very encouraging results.Originality/valueThe interest of this study is in two parts. The first one is the exploitation of local materials: dune sand, river sand and limestone filler to meet the growing demand for construction materials. And the second one is the reuse of glass waste, in the form of powder (GP), to solve the environmental problem. All this participates in the improvement of the physical-mechanical properties of sand concrete and the extent of its response to the development of an economical structural concrete.

Comparative tests of fly ash powder as solid demulsifiers

This work investigates the effectiveness of fly ash particles as a solid demulsifier for destabilizing an oil-water emulsion and effectively removing water. The size of the fraction in the used solid powder does not exceed 40 microns in diameter. The demulsifier consists mainly of hematite (Fe2O3) and corundum (Al2O3) phases. The introduction of fly ash into the oil emulsion leads to demulsification of water from oil. The dosage of the powder ranged from 0.1 to 1 g. An increase in the dosage of fly ash leads to a rapid discharge of water from the emulsion. The study identifies the demulsifying properties of fly ash powder. Also, upon redispersion of demulsified samples, no re-emulsion was observed, as a result of which, it can be assumed that fly ash powder can contribute to deasphalting of oil-water emulsion. Reuse of industrial waste is an important method for improving the ecological state of the country.

SWAN platform: A web-based tool to support the development of industrial solid waste reuse business models.

The SWAN platform is an integrated suite of online resources and tools for assessing industrial symbiotic opportunities based on solid industrial waste reuse. It has been developed as a digital solid waste reuse platform and is already applied in four countries (Greece, Bulgaria, Albania and Cyprus). The SWAN platform integrates a database with the spatial and technical characteristics of industrial solid waste producers and potential consumers, populated with data from these countries. It also incorporates an inventory of commercially implemented best practices on solid industrial waste reuse. The role of the SWAN platform is to facilitate the development of novel business cases. Towards this end, decision support services, based on a suitable matching algorithm, are provided to the registered users, helping them to identify and assess potential novel business models, based on solid waste reuse, either for an individual industrial unit (source/potential receiver of solid waste) or a specific region.

Mitigation of silica-rich wastes: An alternative to the synthesis eco-friendly silica-based mesoporous materials

The synthesis of nano-architectured mesoporous materials is of great importance for the sciences of multifunctional materials, since the textural and structural features of mesoporous silicas allows its application in the most different areas of technological knowledge. In view of growing interest of the scientific community in the use of silica-based mesoporous materials, as well as the environmental concern of obtaining advanced materials through increasingly cleaner, low-cost, and eco-friendly processes, this review aims to give an overview in the literature of main alternative silica sources that have been used to synthetize the silica-based mesoporous arrays. Also, we present what are the main applications of these mesoparticles. We can highlight that the main mesoporous materials studied in the literature are those of the M41S, SBA- n , FDU- n , and KIT- n families, which presented well-structured silica-based mesoporous materials with different pore geometries and architectures. Thus, allowing the application of these architectured materials in different scientific areas. The synthesis of silicon-based mesoporous materials has been increasingly sought from the use of low-cost and eco-friendly silica sources from the reuse of industrial wastes, in an attempt to minimize the possible impacts on the environment and human health of inadequate disposal of these wastes. Based on our literature review, the main alternative silica sources that are being used for the synthesis of silica-based mesoporous materials are rice hush ash, wheat husk ash, palm oil fuel ash, Miscanthus ash, e-waste, coal ash, reed ash, sedge ash, Carex riparia, sugarcane ash, bamboo leaf ash, natural clay, ore tailing, and others. Sustainable and renewable silica sources used in the preparation of the eco-friendly silica-based mesoporous materials and their environmental applications. • Sustainable silica sources are used in the preparation of mesoporous materials. • Silica-based mesoporous arrays have multifunctional properties. • Eco-friendly mesoporous arrays are highly efficient for use in environmental sciences. • Nanostructured mesoporous materials have different pore geometries and architectures. • The use of low-cost and eco-friendly silica sources is of environmental importance.

Waste ceramic as low cost and eco-friendly materials in the production of sustainable mortars

Reducing the use of natural resources and ensuring proper reuse of industrial wastes are among the most practical potential solutions for sustainable development and a cleaner environment. The generation and disposal of waste materials that cause severe ecological impacts must be inhibited. Based on these ideas, we propose the utilisation of ceramic waste, which is inexpensive, abundant, and environmentally friendly, as a partial replacement for cement and fine aggregates in the preparation of some new types of mortars. This study investigates the long-term performance, mechanical properties, and durability of a mortar comprising ceramic waste as supplementary cementitious material and ceramic particles as fine aggregates. In addition, the environmental benefits of sustainable mortar are assessed. The structure, morphology, and thermal traits of the designed mixes are characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. The results of this study indicate that the utilisation of ceramic waste as both a binder and a fine aggregate source significantly improved the compressive strength of the mortar and provided higher resistance against adverse environmental conditions. The positive interaction between ceramic waste and fine aggregates enabled a higher level of crystalline formation and, therefore, a reduction in porosity and cracking. In summary, it was demonstrated that ceramic waste blended mortars displayed enhanced performance and energy-saving qualities, which are both technically and environmentally useful and may lead to lower construction costs and increased sustainability.

Options for Utilization of Tannery Sludge

At global level, the India has amassed the largest livestock and their skins and hide are used for the manufacture of large scale leather and 75% of tanneries in India are the small scale tanneries. The leather industry in India with annual turnover of more than 12 Billion dollar has a cumulative annual growth of about 3.09% in the last five years and 2nd highest manufacture of footwear and garments in the entire world, which leads to foreign exchange. Tannery sludge generation about 150000 TPA causes chromium pollution and contaminates water bodies & soil and risk to eco-system. Further, that affects the agricultural productivity and therefore, Tannery has been classified under the red category. The Supreme Court finding of fact resulting in the closure of polluting tanneries has led to unemployment problem and affecting national GDP. The present tannery sludge disposal methods like Composting, landfill, anaerobic digestion systems are not providing the satisfactory result. Reuse of industrial waste is advocated worldwide and in some of the countries as a remedial measure solidification and stabilization concept is adopted for reducing heavy metals from industrial waste. In this review the outcome of various research on the properties natural clay, ceramic and cement based stabilization of the tannery sludge has been discussed and the research gap is also identified .

Use of Industrial Waste for the Optimization of Ceramic Construction Materials

The massive growth of the ceramic industry and the consequent demand for construction materials worldwide has motivated the search for alternative solutions aimed at reducing the use of mineral / natural resources as the main source of raw materials. One of the strategies frequently adopted by the scientific community is the reuse of industrial waste. It is beneficial not only to reduce the overexploitation of mineral resources but also to reduce the environmental, economic and social impacts resulting from their incorrect disposal/treatment and consequent deposition on land unsuitable or that purpose. Duetoconsiderationssuchasphysico-mechanical characteristics and the high production rate, two different types of industrial waste were selected for this work, ashes resulting from the burning of coal in thermoelectric power plant, commonly known as bottom ash (B), and the Marble Powder (MP). It was intended to test the technological feasibility of the manufacture of ceramic materials produced from clay mixtures containing these two residues. For this purpose, the fine fraction(<63μm)obtained from the sieving of the marbleresidue(MR)and slag(Bf)was used,aswellasacoarsergrainslagfractionrangingfrom63-125μm(Bg). The resulting test samples were subjected to a firing of 950 °C under an oxidizing atmosphere, following a primary drying process. Faced with the standard values, the new ceramic materials obtained from MP have seen their mechanical and porous characteristics decrease and increase, respectively. Atthesametime,althoughtheadditionofBinno way influenced the mechanical characteristics,a significant improvement the porous characteristic was observed. The incorporation of these residues produced a color very close to the original sample material.
 Keywords: industrial waste, ceramic, construction materials, bottom ash, Marble Powder

Leaching Chalcopyrite with High MnO2 and Chloride Concentrations

Most copper minerals are found as sulfides, with chalcopyrite being the most abundant. However; this ore is refractory to conventional hydrometallurgical methods, so it has been historically exploited through froth flotation, followed by smelting operations. This implies that the processing involves polluting activities, either by the formation of tailings dams and the emission of large amounts of SO2 into the atmosphere. Given the increasing environmental restrictions, it is necessary to consider new processing strategies, which are compatible with the environment, and, if feasible, combine the reuse of industrial waste. In the present research, the dissolution of pure chalcopyrite was studied considering the use of MnO2 and wastewater with a high chloride content. Fine particles (−20 µm) generated an increase in extraction of copper from the mineral. Besides, it was discovered that working at high temperatures (80 °C); the large concentrations of MnO2 become irrelevant. The biggest copper extractions of this work (71%) were achieved when operating at 80 °C; particle size of −47 + 38 µm, MnO2/CuFeS2 ratio of 5/1, and 1 mol/L of H2SO4.

Blackberry pomace microspheres: An approach on anthocyanin degradation

ABSTRACT Blackberry pomace is a rich source of antioxidant compounds, including anthocyanins, but these compounds degrade easily in the presence of high temperatures. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature on anthocyanin degradation in spray-dried blackberry pomace extract. Maltodextrin was used as a drying aid agent in a spray drying process to produce microspheres. The experiment was set up at Maringá-PR, Brazil (23º 25’ 31” S, 51º 56’ 19” W, 596 m altitude). The thermal stability of anthocyanins was evaluated in the presence and absence of copigments at different temperatures ranging from 70 °C to 100 °C using degradation kinetics. The role of maltodextrin in protecting anthocyanins during the spray drying process was studied at high temperatures. The highest anthocyanin stability was found at 70 °C. We also studied the effect of copigment phytic acid on the stability of anthocyanin and found that the copigment plays an important role in anthocyanin protection at high temperatures. The spray drying process with maltodextrin is a feasible technique for the preservation of food products and can improve anthocyanin’s thermal stability. The reuse of industrial wastes, such as blackberry pomace along with preservation techniques, can be a good strategy to reduce their negative impact on the environment.

The waste treatment and recycling efficiency of industrial waste processing based on two-stage data envelopment analysis with undesirable inputs

Abstract Achieving a resource-conserving and environment friendly supply chain while pursuing economic development has always been the goal of countries across the world. As an emerging industrial nation, China is battling serious environmental problems. While there have been efforts to address waste processing, researchers are now interested in gauging the efficiency of waste treatment policies. We built a two-stage data envelopment analysis model with undesirable input to assess the efficiency of recycle treating and industrial waste reuse, including wastewater, waste gas and solid wastes in China. Our model is based on a circular economy structure that proposed by Environmental Protection Institute of China. The proposed method can serve as evaluation tool for the government policy in China as well as other emerging economy. We collected the data during the critical environmental policy enforcement period: the 11th five-year plan (from 2006 to 2010). We also analyze the waste treatment efficacy for the solid waste in the 11th and 12th five-year plan period (from 2011 to 2015). In contrast to earlier studies that have mainly focused on pollution disposal efficiency, this work takes both pollution and resource attributes of waste into consideration. The results revealed that integrated efficiency of industrial waste processing system was stable over five years. It also showed that efficiency at the pollution disposal stage was higher than that at the resources reuse stage, and contributed more to overall efficiency. We also find that the efficiency of the pollution and disposal of the solid waste improved during the 11th and 12th five-year plan. Further, the study reveal that the pollution disposal stage shows a similar trend as the integrated system, while the resources reuse stage does not. Finally, it also displays that there are three efficient development modes, namely, balanced, ecosystem, and coordinate development modes. In discussion, we provide benchmarks from developed countries for different development mode. We also point out other emerging countries that can benefit from our research by identifying their development mode and formulating their environmental policy based on these benchmarks in the future.