Return Of Pulse Research Articles

Fibrinolytic agents in surgical practice. Their role as an adjunct to surgical treatment of thromboembolic disease in 37 patients.

The role of non-toxic purified preparations of human fibrinolysin as an adjunct to the surgical treatment of thromboembolic disease was evaluated in 37 patients. In each case surgical intervention was carried out in response to the usual indications; in addition, each patient received a preparation of fibrinolysin by venoclysis. In many cases the subjective evidence of improvement was corroborated by objective evidence in the form of arteriograms or the return of arterial pulses. The failures included patients with old organized emboli or with thromboses that had existed longer, than 48 hours. The optimum duration of fibrinolysin therapy was estimated to be about 30 hours. In order to prevent rethrombosis it was necessary to maintain the patient subsequently on heparin therapy.

Open chest versus closed chest cardiac resuscitation

1. 1. External defibrillation was attempted in experiments on forty-one dogs. In all instances the heart could be readily defibrillated, as indicated by the electrocardiogram. However, a return of pulse and blood pressure seldom occurred beyond a fifty-second time limit. 2. 2. In experiments on seventy dogs the heart was permitted to fibrillate for 120 seconds before a countershock was directly applied. Electrical defibrillation promptly occurred but there was no return of systemic blood pressure. Following immediate massage there was a quick return of a coordinated beat and a normal blood pressure. 3. 3. In experiments on eighty-three dogs the heart was allowed to fibrillate for 120 seconds; then ventilation and massage were instituted before a direct countershock was applied to the ventricles. This was followed in each case by normal circulation and eighty-three survivals. 4. 4. For successful cardiac resuscitation, the re-establishment of the oxygen system is the primary act and the restoration of the heart beat is secondary. 5. 5. It appears that it is a minor problem to defibrillate the heart through an intact chest. However, to restore the life functions of an animal after some fifty seconds, supplemental measures have to be taken such as cardiac massage, or intra-arterial transfusion or infusion. 6. 6. Under ideal circumstances, when a trained team and equipment are in readiness in a room, a few seconds spent on external countershocking might be conceivable. We are carrying out additional studies continuously.

Physical Principles of Contemporary Sonics

Contemporary sonics embraces a wide variety of applications of sound waves for the acquisition of information and for the production of useful effects in the medium or at its boundaries. Information gathering capitalizes chiefly on linear, small-signal effects such as the time of flight or the direction of return of pulses, the absorption or speed of sound in the medium, or some effect of the medium on a vibrating source. The useful gross effects of sound waves are associated with the production of high local velocities, shear rates, or accelerations, and with the second-order, nonlinear effects that lead to localized streaming, cavitation, and the reduction of concentration gradients by breakdown of laminar or sublaminar boundary layers. A catalog of these effects, with some attention to numerical magnitudes, indicates suggestively the present scope of sonics.