Retentive Drug Delivery System Research Articles

A recent update on gastro retentive drug delivery systems

Gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance by prolonging gastric residence time and optimizing drug release kinetics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in GRDDS, focusing on formulation strategies, design principles, and evaluation methodologies. Various approaches such as floating systems, mucoadhesive systems, expandable systems, and magnetic systems are discussed in detail, highlighting their mechanisms of action and applications in targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, recent innovations in materials science and formulation technologies have enabled the development of novel GRDDS with improved biocompatibility, stability, and controlled release profiles. The review also addresses challenges associated with GRDDS, including physiological variability, drug stability, and regulatory considerations, and proposes potential strategies to overcome these obstacles. Additionally, the clinical relevance of GRDDS in the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders and their future prospects in personalized medicine and targeted therapy are explored. Overall, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the current state-of-the-art in GRDDS research and its implications for the advancement of drug delivery science.

Formulation and Evaluation of Microspheres Containing Mefenamic Acid by Inotropic Gelation Method

Drugs with a narrow absorption window in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) will have poor absorption. For these drugs, gastro retentive drug delivery system offers the advantage in prolonging the gastric emptying time. Losartan potassium is prescribed to treat hypertension. The current study was projected to prepare a Losartan potassium gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) of floating tablets was planned to enhance the gastric residence time, thus prolong the drug release. Losartan potassium effervescent floating tablets were prepared by utilizing the direct impression method, using polymers such as HPMCk15, xanthan gum, microcrystalline cellulose, and Sodium carbonate, with lubricants such as magnesium stearate and talc. In the present study, sodium bicarbonate was incorporated as a gas generating agent. And combination of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid was found to achieve optimum in vitro buoyancy. Total eight formulations were designed and evaluated for pre-compression parameters known as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Hausner's ratio, compressibility index, and post -compression parameters are uniformity of weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, floating lag time, and in vitro dissolution investigation and FTIR along with DSC is carried out

Design and Characterization of Hallow Porous Floating Microspheres of Favipiravir

The present investigation deals with the design and characterization of favipiravir floating microspheres for gastro retentive drug delivery system by employing 3² factorial design and also to investigate the main effects of different independent variables on microspheres that float. The emulsion solvent diffusion method was used to manufacture floating microspheres with Eudragit S 100 as the polymer. These microspheres will extend the release of the medicine, reducing the frequency of administration and the harmful effects caused by fluctuations in plasma concentration with conventional dosage forms. The main effect of independent variables like polymer Eudragit S 100 concentrations (50, 100, 150 mg) and stirring time (1, 2 and 3 hours) on the performance of microspheres. Formulated microspheres were characterized for responses including drug release, particle size, and entrapment efficiency and floating time. Based on the results of the responses, the optimized composition was arrived using the response surface method graphical and numerical optimization method using design of experiments (DoE) software. Then, the optimized formulation (OFES) was prepared and evaluated for the four responses compared with predicted values to find the validity of the selected model. The optimized formulation was further analyzed for drug-excipient compatibility by fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and also analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Further zeta potential and micrometric properties were also observed. The results for the formulation FES 1 to 9 found were, that particles size ranged from 0.192 to 0.277 μm, entrapment efficiency ranged from 68.65 ± 1.9 to 76.25 ± 3.2%, percentage drug release range was from 89.25 ± 0.24 to 93.68 ± 0 .25%, and floating time range was from 12 to 23 hours. As per the design, OFES an optimized formulation fitted with the concentration of Eudragit S 100 of 139.1 mg and stirring time of 1-hour. Regarding the kinetic release, the responses were best fitted with Higuchi model of R² value of 0.9795 with kinetic mechanism of non-fickian diffusion with R² value of 0.9499, indicating good linearity. The combination of different variables and their effects on responses were investigated well using factorial design, and an optimized formulation was developed for favipiravir.

Gastroretentive drug delivery system: An Overview

Gastric emptying is a complex and incredibly factor process. This causes the unusualness of the bioavailability of medication delivery system. GRDDSs can improve the controlled delivery of medications that have an ingestion window by continuously delivering the medication for a delayed time before it arrives at its assimilation site. Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)s have gotten huge consideration in the previous many years, because of the way that they can overcome the limitations of regular oral controlled released drug delivery system identified with quick gastric emptying time. An ideal GRDDS can be characterized as a system which stays in the stomach for an adequate time and deliver the active ingredients in a controlled way so that sustained action can be created. This, altogether broadens the duration of medication release, prolongs dosing interval and expands bioavailability of medications and consequently improves compliance of the patients and viability of pharmacotherapy. This article gives an outline of the fundamental ideas used to design drug dosage form with delayed gastric residence time as well as the factors influencing gastric emptying, favourable circumstances, deficiencies, formulation consideration and, elements that influence gastro retentive system. The principal emphasis is on the whole grouping and various types of GRDDSs.

Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System: Latest Approach towards Novel Drug Delivery

Various efforts have been undertaken to enhance the bioavailability and clinical performance of oral drug formulations. In pursuit of improving the therapeutic effectiveness of medications that are susceptible to degradation in alkaline pH environments, possess a limited window for absorption within the stomach, and readily dissolve under acidic conditions, a diverse range of gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) have been innovatively designed and developed. As a result, the stomach’s physiological state and the various factors that influence GRDDS will be discussed. As a rule, this survey will enlighten and coordinate enumerating scientists in arranging, plan, and planning the GRDDS.

Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System: A Review

Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery Systems (GRDDs) are an approach to prolonging gastric residence time by targeting the release of specific drugs at the top of the GIT for local or systemic effect. The Gastro Retentive Dosage Forms (GRDFs) is a very long-term time used to improve treatment with several important drugs. GRDDs are one example of a novel strategy to extending gastric residence duration, concentrating on the local or systemic effects of particular medications released in the stomach. GRDFs can provide prolonged and continuous drug release to the upper part of the Gastro Intestinal System (GIT), which greatly extends the duration of the drug release, improves the bioavailability of drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, and thus extends the dose interval and improves the patient's compliance. GRDFs enable the drug to be released longer and continuously to the upper part of GIT, thereby significantly extending the time when the drug is released and improving the bioavailability of a drug with narrow therapeutic windows, thus prolonging the dose interval and increasing patient compliance.

Effect of using high molecular weight crosslinker on the physical properties of super porous hydrogel composite

Superporous hydrogel composite is widely utilized and investigated as a gastro retentive drug delivery system. Materials used in Superporous hydrogel formulation have a profound effect on its properties’, N-methylene bisacrylamide is the crosslinker of choice for the preparation of SPH.
 The purpose of this study is to determine if using a new high molecular weight crosslinker such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate will affect the physical characteristics of SPH and drug release behavior. For the preparation of super porous hydrogel polyvinyl alcohol, acrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate 700, N, N-Methylene bisacrylamide, sodium bicarbonate, and tween 20 were used. Trifluoperazine HCl was used as a model drug. The buoyancy, porosity, density, drug release, drug content, swelling ratio, and swelling time were studied and compared. All the physical characteristics and medication release profiles were impacted by changing the formulation parameters. The formula with the best physical qualities had 300 µl of acrylamide (40 percent w/v), 20 mg of polyvinyl alcohol, 200 µl of Tween 20 (v/v), 5 µl of polyethylene glycol diacrylate 700, 45 µl ammonium persulfate, 45 µl TEMED and 50 mg of sodium bicarbonate. Around 80% of the drug was released over the course of 12 hours according to zero order kinetics. By modifying the formulation parameters using polyethylene glycol diacrylate, Superporous hydrogel was successfully manufactured and has the best properties to be employed as a gastro retentive drug delivery system.

Effect of modification of formulation variables on physical characterization of superporouse hydrogel

Superporouse hydrogel (SPH) is widely used and investigated as a gastro retentive drug delivery system to extend drug residence time in the stomach
 
 However, their mechanical strength represents a problem because they need to withstand the peristaltic movement of the stomach. Properties of SPH are widely affected by the materials used for their synthesis. The aim of the research is to study the effect of changing the foaming agent and foam stabilizer amount on physical properties, in particular mechanical strength, and drug release from SPH. Trifluoperazine HCl will be used as model drug in the study.
 SPH formulations was prepared using fixed amount of acrylamide (AM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as monomers, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as cross-linker, TRFP as model drug and variable amount of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as foaming agent, and tween 20 as foam stabilizer. Ammonium persulphate (APS) / tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TEMED) system was used as polymerization initiator. The effect of changing foaming agent and foam stabilizer on mechanical strength, buoyancy, porosity, density, drug release, drug content, swelling ratio, and swelling time was investigated.
 Modifying both factors affected all the physical properties and drug release profile. When tween 20 was increased the mechanical strength, density and floating lag time was increased with a reduction in porosity and drug release. While increasing NaHCO3 reduced mechanical strength, density and floating lag time with increased porosity and faster drug release was observed. Optimum physical properties were observed in formula 2 which had 230 µl of Tween 20 (v/v) and 50 mg of NaHCO3 in which the mechanical strength was 579±0.4, floating lag time 14 min and 80% of the drug was released within 12 hr.
 As a conclusion SPH with improved mechanical strength, physical properties and drug release pattern can be achieved by changing foam stabilizer and foaming agent amount in the formulations.

An Insight on Novel Approaches & Perspectives for Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery Systems.

The conventional oral drug delivery systems face a lot of difficulties in the gastrointestinal tract, such as inappropriate drug release and reduction in the efficacy of the doses, which makes this system less susceptible to the delivery of drug formulation. For the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of the drug, many efforts have been made. The drug candidates which are not stable at alkaline pH and soluble in acidic medium were selected to increase their therapeutic effectiveness through gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS). This article discusses various factors which alter the gastro retention time (GRT) of the gastro retentive drug delivery system in the stomach and intestine (duodenum). It emphasizes on the novel approaches made for the delivery and release of drugs with the use of magnetic systems, floating (low-density) systems, super porous hydrogels, raft systems, mucoadhesive systems, high-density systems and expandable systems. Along with the applications, the key aspects of in vivo, in vitro & clinical studies in different approaches to GRDDS have been addressed. In addition, future perspectives have been summarized to reduce gastric transit time in fasting and fed conditions.

Advances in the Preparation Techniques of Floating Microspheres with Exploration of AI Tool in Product Development

This review paper focuses on recent developments in gastroretentive drug delivery systems for controlled release oral drug administration. Gastric emptying’s variability presents challenges to drug delivery systems, making gastroretentive drug delivery systems increasingly popular for retaining drugs in the stomach and ensuring gradual release. Traditional oral delivery systems often fail to overcome gastrointestinal obstacles, resulting in incomplete drug release, decreased efficacy. Thus, achieving prolonged gastric residence times is crucial, particularly for drugs with upper small intestine absorption windows. Gastro retentive drug delivery system provide for prolonged drug release in the upper digestive system, improving bioavailability for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, extending dosing intervals, and enhancing patient compliance. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advancements in the preparation techniques for floating drug delivery systems and highlights the incorporation of AI-Enabled design and optimization in drug release behavior. These technologies enhance precision and efficiency in gastroretentive drug delivery systems development, promising further improvements in drug delivery effectiveness and patient adherence.

A REVIEW ON FLOATING TABLET

Pharmaceutical industries have received much interest in pharmaceutical research in the area of oral drug delivery more over on Gastro retentive drug delivery system that is Floating Drug Delivery System (FDDS).The objective of this study to review on FDDS focusing on its current advancement and its future. Floating systems are low density systems that have sufficiently buoyancy to flow over the gastric contents and remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting the gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period of time. Floating dosage forms can be prepared as tablets, capsule by adding suitable ingredients with excipients like hydrocolloids, inert fatty materials and buoyancy increasing agents. Various categories of drugs like antacids, antidiabetic, antifungal and anticancer drugs are formulated into FDDS. FDDS have bulk density less than gastric fluids that have sufficient buoyancy to float over the gastric contents and remain in the stomach for longer duration of time. This review article is in pursuit of giving detailed information on the pharmaceutical basis of their design, classification, advantages and disadvantages, factors affecting gastric residence time of FDDS, applications, and formulation of floating tablet.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Floating Tablet for the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer

Introduction: The goal of the current study was to create and assess herbal floating tablet that would treat stomach ulcers. Many of the medications that are currently on the market have either been directly or indirectly produced from plants, which have long been considered an experimental source of medication. Different diseases are treated with plant extracts. There are so many chemically active components in plants that can be used to cure so many different diseases. Herbal floating tablet increase bioavailability, extend the period that pharmaceuticals stay in the stomach, and make it easier to administer medications locally to the stomach. For the treatment of gastric ulcers, floating tablets with alcoholic extract of amla as the primary active ingredient were created in this study. Method: The herbal floating tablet was made using the direct compression method and contains alcoholic extracts of amla, aqueous extracts of ginger and fenugreek, psyllium husk, HPMC K100M, sodium bicarbonate, talc, and magnesium stearate. Additional evaluation tests for the herbal floating tablet include those for hardness, thickness, diameter, weight uniformity, and buoyancy duration. The use of buoyancy time improved the formulation. The tablet were made using the direct compression process and contained alcoholic extract of amla, aqueous extract of ginger and fenugreek, psyllium husk, HPMC K100M, sodium bicarbonate, talc, and magnesium stearate. For gastro retentive drug delivery systems, a combination of psyllium husk, sodium bicarbonate, and HPMC K100M can prove promising.

Formulation and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System of Domperidone Mouth Dissolving Tablet by using Super Disintegrating Agents

Direct compression method can be considered as an important method for the formulation of fast dissolving tablets of Domperidone compare to wet granulation method. The rank order for the best 3 formulations is F2>F1. Formulation F2 having DCP as the super disintegrant is the best formulation of all. Higher the concentration of the lubricating agent (Magnesium Stearate or Talc), higher will be the disintegration time. Formulation having the better Super disintegrants (Ac-Di-Sol) will have better in vitro disintegration time and dissolution along with lesser friability and weight variation. Thus, it may be concluded that the fast-dissolving tablets of Domperidone can be successfully prepared and undoubtedly the availability of various technologies and manifold advantages of fast dissolving tablets will surely enhance patient compliance and its popularity in the near future.

The Use of Natural and Synthetic Polymers in the Formulation of Gastro retentive Drug Delivery System

The gastric emptying process drastically reduces the bioavailability of drugs that target the stomach for their action. A gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) becomes a solution to retain drugs in the stomach and release drugs from the formulation system within a certain period. The polymer used in the GRDDS formulation is the essential excipient that can retain the drugs in the stomach. Several ways for GRDDS to maintain its existence in the stomach are using some systems, such as mucoadhesive, low-density, high-density, swellable, eff ervescent, and expandable systems. A polymer is a macromolecular substance with a long repeating chain consisting of natural and synthetic polymers, each with diff erent potentials. It is considered for its ability to regulate drug release, good fl ow properties, can improve drug dissolution to improve bioavailability and stability during processing in the body. Combining natural and synthetic polymers is often carried out to obtain advantages and cover the existing polymer’s disadvantages. Polymers can release drugs using three diff erent mechanisms, i.e., diff usion, degradation, and expansion. These techniques are often chosen for the formulation of GRDDS because of their more fl exible system and fi t for almost all types of GRDDS. The polymer used in the GRDDS system is chosen from its physicochemical properties and the number of fl oating times, drug release rate, viscosity, fl oating lag times, bioavailability, and solubility.

A Review on Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System

The purpose of writing this review was to investigate, compile and present the recent as well as past literatures in more concise way with special focus on approaches which are currently utilized in the prolongation of gastric residence time. One novel approach in this area is Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDSs). GRDDSs can improve the controlled delivery of drugs that have an absorption window by continuously releasing the drug for a prolonged period of time before it reaches its absorption site. These includes floating system, swelling and expanding system, bio/mucoadhesive system, high density system and other delayed gastric emptying devices. The present review addresses briefly about the, factors controlling gastric retention, advantages, Disadvantages and applications of gastroretentive drug delivery systems, Commonly used drug in formulation of GRDDS,Gastroretentive products available in the market, types of GRDDS.

Review on Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System

GRDDSs are an innovative tactic in this area (Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System). GRDDSs can improve the regulated administration of drugs with an absorption window by continuously releasing the drug for a long period before it reaches its absorption site. The aim of this study was to investigate, compile, and succinctly summarise both recent and older literatures, with a focus on methods being applied right now to prolong gastric residency duration. They include of high density systems, floating systems, swelling and expanding systems, bio/mucoadhesive systems, and various delayed gastric emptying devices. The current study briefly discusses the categorization, formulation concerns for gastroretentive drug delivery systems, variables affecting stomach retention, advantages, limitations, and applications. To understand the many physiological hurdles involved in establishing stomach retention, we have highlighted important factors impacting it. Then, we assessed the various gastroretentive techniques that have been devised and developed up to this point, including high density (sinking), floating, bio- or mucoadhesive, expandable, unfoldable, ultra porous hydrogel, and magnetic systems. Additionally, the advantages of gastroretentive medicine administration systems were thoroughly covered.

Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System: Latest Approach towards Novel Drug Delivery

Numerous attempts were improved to access the bioavailability and clinical output of oral dosage forms. Different types of gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) was developed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of medications which are unstable at alkaline pH, results a narrow absorption window with active locally in the stomach, and gets easily solubilized in acidic conditions. So the physiological condition of the stomach and the different elements that influence GRDDS will be discussed. In general, this review will illuminate and direct detailing researchers in planning, formulation, and designing the GRDDS.

Gastric Retentive Drug Delivery system and its recent insights : A Review

Oral route is believed to be the most convenient and profoundly accepted drug delivery system and to enhance the efficiency of oral delivery of drug and to overcome the physicochemical and biological barriers in oral delivery, concept of novel delivery system is introduced.Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) is one such type of drug delivery system. In conventional delivery system it is hard to provide drug at specific site, but on other hand GRDDS we can retain the drug in stomach for prolong period. There is various approach for retention of drug in stomach like high density, low density (floating system), magnetic, raft forming, bio-adhesive systems, which helps increase the bio-availability of drug. Drugs with good acid solubility, instability at alkaline pH, narrow absorption window, can be formulated by this system. This review includes introduction, potentialcandidates, advantages, disadvantages, approaches, formulation aspects, marketed preparations, current insights including ongoing research and patent works. This review article will help researchers and medical students to have better understanding on GRDDS which ultimately help themin formulation and designing of GRDDS.

Development and evaluation of gastro retentive drug delivery system of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate for the management of gastric ulcer

Development and evaluation of gastro retentive drug delivery system of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate for the management of gastric ulcer

A Review on Novel Approach of Oral Drug Administration: Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System

A Review on Novel Approach of Oral Drug Administration: Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System