Retention Of Information Research Articles

The retention of information in virtual reality based engineering simulations

ABSTRACT The use of VR in engineering education provides a means for contextualising learning through authentic and engaging scenarios, e.g. the touring and operation of a chemical plant. This paper presents the design of an immersive VR simulation of an existing pilot plant in the School and its evaluation through a randomised non-inferiority trial to test student learning compared to a more traditional learning medium. Specifically, the study evaluates information retention (i.e. memory and understanding) when using the VR simulation and compares this to information retention when presented as a multimedia instructional video. Student self-efficacy in plant operation and design (e.g. equipment function and operation), as well as engagement in the learning activity, are also evaluated. The results indicate that both the VR and multimedia-based activities lead to comparable data retention and student self-efficacy. Moreover, students enjoyed the VR experience and welcomed the addition of the resource to their educational materials.

Students Perceived Quality of a Self-Created Mathematics Game-Based Materials

This study determined the quality of games students perceived for the game-based materials they develop after they experience playing a mathematics gameboard. The participants in this study were 88 students in 11th-grade Senior High School composed of 40 students in Sohoton General Academic Strand and 48 students in Kanlanuk Technical-Vocational Livelihood, selected through convenience non-random sampling. Through created games by students, it removed the presence of boredom that improved their performance. It impaired other competencies such as retention and automaticity of information from long-term memory. Moreover, students have developed the competitive, cooperative, and meaningful characteristics of the games, which was considered helpful in improving their knowledge based on how they perceived its' characteristics are important to contain in the game, and their confidence to participate in the lessons. Results from the classical item and test analysis spreadsheet revealed that the prior knowledge of the students increased after the interventions were made and implemented. The characteristics of the game were considered helpful to improve students’ knowledge and confidence in the lessons. These results have implications for in-depth study and analysis to have conclusive results regarding the influence of the intervention in enhancing students’ creativity.

From Projects to Proficiency: How Project-Based Assignment Improve Student Understanding

An assignment model in education refers to the framework or approach used to design, structure, and deliver tasks or assignments to students. This study explores the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PBL) in enhancing student understanding and proficiency. Over the course of a semester, 210 students in Universitas Negeri Jakarta from various disciplines were engaged in this research. Data were collected through assessment tests for two group of assignment model, namely PBL and Individual. The results showed that PBL significantly improves student understanding by promoting critical thinking, collaboration, and real-world application of knowledge. Students who participated in PBL showed greater retention of information and were more adept at applying concepts in practical scenarios compared to those who engaged in individual assignment models. These findings suggest that incorporating PBL into the curriculum can result in substantial improvements in student learning outcomes, making it a valuable pedagogical approach for educators

Стан розвитку слухомовленнєвої пам’яті в дітей з логопатологією

The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of auditory-verbal memory in older preschool children with speech disorders. The purpose of the study is to study the current state of auditory-verbal memory development in older preschool children with speech disorders. The task of the research: coverage of the theoretical analysis of scientific and conceptual provisions, both classical and modern studies regarding the problem of study; to determine methods for researching the components of auditory memory (reproduction sequence, volume, strength of information retention, speed, accuracy of reproduction); to present comparative research results between preschool children with speech disorders and those with normotypical psychophysical development. The study of auditoryverbal memory involves studying the abilities of older preschool children with speech disorders to remember speech stimuli and reproduce them correctly. The components of auditory-verbal memory are sequence, volume, strength, speed and accuracy of memorization. Each component of auditory memory is evaluated according to the scoring system, and the level of its development was deduced as a result. It was determined that in children with speech disorders, unlike their peers with normotypical development, the auditory-verbal memory is not sufficiently developed, preschoolers are often distracted and need additional help from an adult. During the study, difficulties were observed in this category of children in the sequential reproduction of words (they recalled only the first three words out of five, the others were replaced by similar words in terms of content), volume (they forgot the previously reproduced words, called them incorrectly, replaced them with others similar in terms of semantic similarity); strength (difficulty reproducing words after a certain period of time), speed (slow execution of the task, forgetting the spoken symbols, the need to repeat the instructions of the task), memory accuracy (inability to listen to the text material in its entirety, the need for visual updating, the need for auxiliary questions; during the transfer, the text changes, it does not complete on its own). Insufficiently developed components of auditory-verbal memory affect the general level of speech readiness of older preschoolers for school, and provoke difficulties during their mastery of educational material.

Is there a survival processing effect in metacognition?

Memory systems serve an adaptive function for the fitness of organisms. A good example of this is the Survival Processing Effect (SPE) which points to increased retention of information when it is processed in a survival context compared to other contexts. Survival processing may also affect metacognitive processes, by increasing confidence judgments as well as increasing metacognitive sensitivity. No previous study, however, has directly examined whether processing information for survival also has an effect on metacognitive processes. Here we ask whether SPE extends to the metacognitive system in terms of both metacognitive sensitivity and confidence bias. In Experiment 1 participants were asked to rate a list of words in terms of relevance in a survival scenario or a moving scenario. In a surprise old/new recognition test, they were given one word at a time and asked to indicate if they have rated the presented word before and state how confident they are in that choice. Surprisingly, the results did not reveal a SPE, which may have been due to high overall performance in the recognition task. In Experiment 2 we increased the level of difficulty of the memory task, which resulted in a robust SPE, but could not find this effect in metacognitive monitoring. Together, these results suggest that survival processing may not affect metacognitive processes in a reliable fashion.

Scaling of classification systems—effects of class precision on detection accuracy from medium resolution multispectral data

ContextLand-cover class definitions are scale-dependent. Up-scaling categorical data must account for that dependence, but most decision rules aggregating categorical data do not produce scale-specific class definitions. However, non-hierarchical, empirically derived classification systems common in phytosociology define scale-specific classes using species co-occurrence patterns.ObjectivesEvaluate tradeoffs in class precision and representativeness when up-scaling categorical data across natural landscapes using the multi-dimensional grid-point (MDGP)-scaling algorithm, which generates scale-specific class definitions; and compare spectral detection accuracy of MDGP-scaled classes to ‘majority-rule’ aggregated classes.MethodsVegetation maps created from 2-m resolution WorldView-2 data for two Everglades wetland areas were scaled to the 30-m Landsat grid with the MDGP-scaling algorithm. A full-factorial analysis evaluated the effects of scaled class-label precision and class representativeness on compositional information loss and detection accuracy of scaled classes from multispectral Landsat data.ResultsMDGP‐scaling retained between 3.8 and 27.9% more compositional information than the majority rule as class-label precision increased. Increasing class-label precision and information retention also increased spectral class detection accuracy from Landsat data between 1 and 8.6%. Rare class removal and increase in class-label similarity were controlled by the class representativeness threshold, leading to higher detection accuracy than the majority rule as class representativeness increased.ConclusionsWhen up-scaling categorical data across natural landscapes, negotiating trade-offs in thematic precision, landscape-scale class representativeness and increased information retention in the scaled map results in greater class-detection accuracy from lower-resolution, multispectral, remotely sensed data. MDGP-scaling provides a framework to weigh tradeoffs and to make informed decisions on parameter selection.

Verbal working memory encodes phonological and semantic information differently

Working memory (WM) is often tested through immediate serial recall of word lists. Performance in such tasks is negatively influenced by phonological similarity: People more often get the order of words wrong when they are phonologically similar to each other (e.g., cat, fat, mat). This phonological-similarity effect shows that phonology plays an important role for the representation of serial order in these tasks. By contrast, semantic similarity usually does not impact performance negatively. To resolve and understand this discrepancy, we tested the effects of phonological and semantic similarity for the retention of positional information in WM. Across six experiments (all Ns = 60 young adults), we manipulated between-item semantic and phonological similarity in tasks requiring participants to form and maintain new item-context bindings in WM. Participants were asked to retrieve items from their context, or the contexts from their item. For both retrieval directions, phonological similarity impaired WM for item-context bindings across all experiments. Semantic similarity did not. These results demonstrate that WM encodes phonological and semantic information differently. We propose a WM model accounting for semantic-similarity effects in WM, in which semantic knowledge supports WM through activated long-term memory.

Origin of the efficiency of spike timing-based neural computation for processing temporal information

Although the advantage of spike timing-based over rate-based network computation has been recognized, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using Tempotron and Perceptron as elementary neural models, we examined the intrinsic difference between spike timing-based and rate-based computations. For more direct comparison, we modified Tempotron computation into rate-based computation with the retention of some temporal information. Previous studies have shown that spike timing-based computation are computationally more powerful than rate-based computation in terms of the number of computational units required and the capability in classifying random patterns. Our study showed that spike timing-based and rate-based Tempotron computations provided similar capability in classifying random spike patterns, as well as in text sentiment classification and spam text detection. However, spike timing-based computation is superior in performing a task involving discriminating forward vs. reverse sequence of events, i.e., information mainly temporal in nature. Further studies revealed that this superiority required the asymmetry in the profile of the postsynaptic potential (PSP), and that temporal sequence information was converted to biased spatial distribution of synaptic weight modifications during learning. Thus, the intrinsic PSP asymmetry is a mechanistic basis for the high efficiency of spike timing-based computation for processing temporal information.

An Information-Reserved and Deviation-Controllable Binary Neural Network for Object Detection

Object detection is a fundamental task in computer vision, which is usually based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). While it is difficult to be deployed in embedded devices due to the huge storage and computing consumptions, binary neural networks (BNNs) can execute object detection with limited resources. However, the extreme quantification in BNN causes diversity of feature representation loss, which eventually influences the object detection performance. In this paper, we propose a method balancing Information Retention and Deviation Control to achieve effective object detection, named IR-DC Net. On the one hand, we introduce the KL-Divergence to compose multiple entropy for maximizing the available information. On the other hand, we design a lightweight convolutional module to generate scale factors dynamically for minimizing the deviation between binary and real convolution. The experiments on PASCAL VOC, COCO2014, KITTI, and VisDrone datasets show that our method improved the accuracy in comparison with previous binary neural networks.

Evaluation of Community-Based, Mobile HIV-Care, Peer-Delivered Linkage Case Management in Manzini Region, Eswatini.

The success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) requires continuous engagement in care and optimal levels of adherence to achieve sustained HIV viral suppression. We evaluated HIV-care cascade costs and outcomes of a community-based, mobile HIV-care, peer-delivered linkage case-management program (CommLink) implemented in Manzini region, Eswatini. Abstraction teams visited referral facilities during July 2019-April 2020 to locate, match, and abstract the clinical data of CommLink clients diagnosed between March 2016 and March 2018. An ingredients-based costing approach was used to assess economic costs associated with CommLink. The estimated total CommLink costs were $2 million. Personnel costs were the dominant component, followed by travel, commodities and supplies, and training. Costs per client tested positive were $499. Costs per client initiated on ART within 7, 30, and 90 days of diagnosis were $2114, $1634, and $1480, respectively. Costs per client initiated and retained on ART 6, 12, and 18 months after diagnosis were $2343, $2378, and $2462, respectively. CommLink outcomes and costs can help inform community-based HIV testing, linkage, and retention programs in other settings to strengthen effectiveness and improve efficiency.

The effect of using blended learning on the collection and retention of information for fifth-grade students in biology

يهدف البحث الى معرفة أثر استخدام التعلم المدمج في تحصيل طلاب واستبقاء المعلومات لطلبة الصف الخامس العلمي بمادة علم الاحياء. اختيرت احدى المدارس الاعدادية لمركز مدينة بغداد عشوائيا واختيرت منها شعبتان بصورة عشوائية لتمثل احداهما المجموعة التجريبية درست وفقا للتعلم المدمج، وشعبة اخرى تمثل المجموعة الضابطة تدرس وفقا للتعلم التقليدي. وبلغ حجم العينة (60) طالبا بعد استبعاد الطلبة الراسبين احصائيا وعددهم (5)، ليصبح عدد افراد كل مجموعة (30) طالبا. كافأ الباحث بين متغيرات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة احصائيا من ناحية (العمر الزمني بالأشهر، والتحصيل السابق في درجات مادة علم الأحياء، والمستوى التعليمي للوالدين)، وتم اعداد اختبار تحصيلي لطلاب عينة البحث ووفقا للمادة الدراسية مكونا من (30) فقرة من نوع الاختيار من متعدد، وتم التحقق من صدق الاختبار وثباته فضلا عن معامل الصعوبة وفعالية البدائل لفقراته. اعتمد الاختبار التحصيلي على الأغراض السلوكية المصاغة، وفقا لتصنيف بلوم للجانب المعرفي وللمستويات الثلاثة الاولى (التذكر، والاستيعاب، والتطبيق). بعد الانتهاء من التجربة طبق الاختبار التحصيلي على مجموعتي البحث، ومن ثم طبق الاختبار للمرة الثانية بعد مرور(21) يوما من تطبيقه لأول مرة للتحقق من استبقاء المعلومات في اذهان الطلاب، واستخدام الاختبار التائي (T-test) لعينتين مستقلتين ومتساويتين. اسفرت النتائج عن تفوق المجموعة التجريبية على المجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار التحصيلي وفي استبقاء المعلومات، وصاغ الباحث بعض التوصيات في ضوء نتائج البحث، واقترح اجراء عدد من الدراسات.

VERBAL SHORT-TERM IMPAIRMENT IN DYSLEXIA

Verbal short-term memory impairment is one of the most consistently associated deficits observed indevelopmental reading disorders such as dyslexia. The mechanisms involved in the short-term retention ofinformation for serial tasks may be shared across domains of short-term memory, such as verbal and visuospatialshort-term memory. Few studies have addressed the nature of verbal short-term impairment, particularly with regardto the possibility of temporary serial storage of information. A short-term memory serial order impairment appearsto occur for the retention of verbal and visuospatial sequence information. Impairment in the serial ordering of shorttermmemory is not a characteristic of every individual dyslexic subject and is not specific to dyslexia. Futurestudies should determine whether verbal short-term serial order memory impairment is a risk factor that, inassociation with a deficit in phonological processing, may lead to dyslexia or whether verbal short-term serial ordermemory impairment reflects related deficits unrelated to dyslexia. The purpose of this article is to consider theimplications for dyslexia of one aspect of short-term memory, memory for serialization

The station scientist: Examining the impact of race and sex of broadcast meteorologists on credibility, trust, and information retention

Broadcast meteorologists hold a set of skills unique in a newsroom. Not only must a broadcast meteorologist utilize communication skills similar to that of a newscaster, they are also typically versed in some physical science. In addition, the field of meteorology has an unfortunate disparity when examining job statistics as they relate to race and biological sex. Generally speaking, men outnumber women in broadcast television positions three to one, and minorities are often outnumbered or excluded from coverage altogether. Drawing on Uses and Gratifications and Media System Dependency Theory, this project examined the effects of race and biological sex on the audience perceptions of forecaster trust, credibility, and information retention. Two experiments were conducted, and analysis of variance was utilized to examine the hypotheses and research questions. The first experiment tested the manipulations of forecaster race and sex in the form of a mock weather hit – using a student sample. The results generally suggest that there are mixed findings for the effects of forecaster race and sex on the dependent variables of trust, credibility, and information retention. The second experiment tested the same two manipulations from experiment one on a non-student sample. The results are discussed in terms of how individuals may perceive forecasters given their race, sex, or degree level, and the potential implications for processing information or forming attitudes and decisions based off this behavior.

The effect of the structured introduction as a cognitive strategy in the collection and retention of musical information among the students of the Art Education Branch - Teachers Colleg

من الحقائق المسلم بها أن هدف التدريس هو تحقيق المرغوب فيه في سلوك المتعلم وأداته في ذلك عوامل ومتغيرات شتى يقف على رأسها المعلم واستراتيجيته في تحقيق التغيير في ذلك السلوك عبر الجهد الكبير في زيادة قدرة المتعلم العقلية في خزن المعلومات واسترجاعها واإلفادة منها كلما اقتضت الحاجة.

Library snackables: A study of one-minute library videos

Library snackables are pedagogical strategies that allow library users to digest information content in short bites. The purpose of a snackable is to communicate useful and understandable information over a short time frame, an aspect that often appeals to Generation Z students. This study launched six one-minute videos informing students about library services and resources. A mixed methods survey instrument (206 respondents) and YouTube viewing data (820 views) were used to gauge student opinion, analyze audience engagement, and evaluate knowledge retention. The findings reveal that students have a positive perception of short library videos, which further help with information transfer and retention.

Measurement of Information Transfer During Simulated Sequential Complete Shift-to-Shift Intraoperative Handoffs

ObjectiveTo determine information transfer during simulated shift-to-shift intraoperative anesthesia handoffs and the benefits of using a handoff tool. Patients and MethodsAnesthesiology residents and faculty participating in simulation-based education in a simulation center on April 6 and 20, 2017, and April 11 and 25, 2019. We used a fixed clinical scenario to compare information transfer in multiple sequential simulated handoff chains conducted from memory or guided by an electronic medical record generated tool. For each handoff, 25 informational elements were assessed on a discrete 0–2 scale generating a possible information retention score of 50. Time to handoff completion and number of clarifications requested by the receiver were also determined. ResultsWe assessed 32 handoff chains with up to 4 handoffs per chain. When both groups were combined, the mean information retention score was 31 of 50 (P<.001) for the first clinician and declined by an average of 4 points per handoff (P<.001). The handoff tool improved information retention by almost 7 points (P=.002), but did not affect the rate of information degradation (P=.38). Handoff time remained constant for the intervention group (P=.67), but declined by 2 minutes/handoff (P<.001) in the control group, which required 7 more clarifications/handoff (P=.003). In the control group, 7 of 16 (44%) handoff chains contained one or more information retention scores below the lowest score of the entire intervention group (P=.007). ConclusionClinical handoffs are accompanied by degradation of information that is only partially reduced by use of a handoff tool, which appears to prevent extremes of information degradation.

Boosting target-level infrared and visible image fusion with regional information coordination

The target-level infrared and visible image fusion aims to prominently retain the feature of target areas in the entire scene of fusion results. Nonetheless, most of existing fusion methods tend to evaluate the global information and ignore the retention of specific target information during feature extraction. A few existing target-level fusion methods also have the problem of missing target or scene information under special conditions. In order to address the challenges of image fusion and make further deployment planning in high-level image vision tasks, we propose a target-level infrared and visible image fusion method. In our method, a scene texture attention module is designed to enhance the complementary description of global scene information, and a target extraction module with the target-level loss function is designed to prominently retain the feature of target areas. Furthermore, target information and scene information are equilibrated by the coordination of target-scene information loss function. A large number of comparison experiments with the state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that our fusion method has competitive advantages in highlighting target features and describing global scene. More importantly, in downstream target detection and depth estimation tasks, the excellent performance in accuracy and speed considerably enhances the portability of our method.

Robust and fast low-rank deep convolutional feature recovery: toward information retention and accelerated convergence

Robust and fast low-rank deep convolutional feature recovery: toward information retention and accelerated convergence

Delivering Virtual Care to Patients with Cognitive Impairment within the Veterans Health Administration: Multi-level Barriers and Solutions.

Older patients with cognitive impairment, including dementia, may benefit from virtual care that increases access to geriatric specialties. Here, we identify clinician-level strategies to address the numerous barriers that reduce utilization of virtual services. We describe two innovative programs in the Veterans Health Administration that deliver geriatric medicine and geriatric psychiatry services virtually. This commentary outlines concrete strategies addressing identified barriers, including technology access, digital literacy, and ambivalence and communication challenges during video visits. Two virtual care programs (tele-geriatric psychiatry consultation; tele-dementia care) that address complex medical and mental health issues in older adults with cognitive impairment are described. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is used to categorize the clinician-level strategies and program elements as they relate to the implementation domains and constructs. Clinicians can use education strategies prior to and during virtual care visits to facilitate access to video, optimize the virtual experience, and promote information retention. These strategies rely on aspects of the inner setting, outer setting, and characteristics of individuals. The two virtual programs vary in their intervention characteristics and the inner setting, yet both programs share similar characteristics of individuals. Key elements contributing to adoption and sustainment of these virtual care programs for patients with cognitive impairment include the relative advantage of virtual care to leverage access to specialists over alternative solutions in each setting. Other factors to consider include the importance of communication, program champions, and the role of the Veterans Health Administration.

Financial information security using hybrid encryption technique on multi-cloud architecture

One of the most severe issues in the cloud is security. In comparison to financial data, so it is extremely sensitive and must be safeguarded against unwanted access. We have developed a proposed system based on three different keys. We divided the data into insensitive, sensitive, and highly sensitive data. The data will be saved on a separate cloud server. The proposed system used different keys for encryption and decryption purposes. The elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) based distributed cloud-based secure data storage (DDSPE) approach was proposed to provide secure large data based data protection across the different clouds. With DDSPE technology, the ECC scheme has been used for encryption and decryption purposes. The cloud is used for simulation. The results of the tests reveal that the suggested DDSPE system is safe and saves time regarding data retention and retrieval. To analyze performance, we compared the DDSPE method with advance encryption standard (AES), blowfish, rivest shamir adleman (RSA), security-aware efficient distributed storage (SA-EDS), and attribute based encryption (ABE) based secure distributed storage (ASDSS). In terms of information retention and recovery, our methodology is quite effective because it requires less amount of time as compared to other strategies.