Slow Wound Healing Research Articles

Bio-synthesized AGS@AgNPs for wound healing, antioxidant support, antibacterial defense, and anticancer intervention

Slow wound healing and wound infections are significant challenges for burn patients. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using plant extracts offers a rapid, facile, and safe method for producing biocompatible NPs. In this study, Anethum graveolens seed (AGS) extract served as a masking and reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AGS@AgNPs). Initially, the parameters influencing AGS@AgNPs synthesis, including silver nitrate concentration, reaction time, temperature, and pH, were optimized. Subsequently, AGS@AgNPs structural and biological characteristics were evaluated. Observation of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the AGS@AgNPs at approximately 420 nm, accompanied by a color change of the suspension to dark brown, confirmed AGS@AgNPs synthesis. Analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the production of pure, homogeneous, spherical, and stable silver NPs with sizes ranging from 20 to 40 nm using Anethum graveolens extract. Antibacterial assays revealed significant activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Antioxidant assessments demonstrated that AGS@AgNPs at a concentration of 250 μg/ml exhibited 92% inhibition of DPPH free radicals and in FRAP test, A. graveolens seed extract and AGS@AgNPs reduced Fe3+ ions to Fe2+ by 48.7% and 73.1%, respectively. Investigation of anticancer properties against the lung cancer cell line (A-549) revealed an IC50 value of 242 μg/ml. The results of the flow cytometry test and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay demonstrated the death of cancer cells. Moreover, wound healing assays demonstrated a significant acceleration in burn wound closure rates in rats on days 3, 7, and 14 following treatments with AGS@AgNPs. Overall, these findings highlight the favorable biological activities of AGS@AgNPs, suggesting their potential utility in nanomedicine applications.

Recent Advancement in Novel Wound Healing Therapies by Using Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Humans and Amphibians.

The skin is the biggest organ in the human body. It is the first line of protection against invading pathogens and the starting point for the immune system. The focus of this review is on the use of amphibian-derived peptides and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the treatment of wound healing. When skin is injured, a chain reaction begins that includes inflammation, the formation of new tissue, and remodelling of existing tissue to aid in the healing process. Collaborating with non-immune cells, resident and recruited immune cells in the skin remove foreign invaders and debris, then direct the repair and regeneration of injured host tissues. Restoration of normal structure and function requires the healing of damaged tissues. However, a major issue that slows wound healing is infection. AMPs are just one type of host-defense chemicals that have developed in multicellular animals to regulate the immune response and limit microbial proliferation in response to various types of biological or physical stress. Therefore, peptides isolated from amphibians represent novel therapeutic tools and approaches for regenerating damaged skin. Peptides that speed up the healing process could be used as therapeutic lead molecules in future research into novel drugs. AMPs and amphibian-derived peptides may be endogenous mediators of wound healing and treat non-life-threatening skin and epithelial lesions. Thus, the present article was drafted with to incorporate different peptides used in wound healing, their method of preparation and routes of administration.

The role of factor XIII in patient blood management.

Factor XIII (FXIII), a plasma transglutaminase, is a coagulation factor that plays a crucial role in blood clotting and patient blood management. The studies have demonstrated that FXIII targets a wide range of additional substrates that have an important role in hemostasis, especially in posttraumatic patients, patients undergoing surgery or obstetrics, being involved in wound healing and tissue repair. Morover, FXIII deficiency has also been described and an extensive research has shown that FXIII deficiency is a rare coagulopathy that leads to longer bleeding time, perioperative and postoperative complications and slower wound healing. Present article aims to overview the diverse functions of FXIII and to highlight its role in patient blood management.

Immunomodulation of Macrophages in Diabetic Wound Individuals by Structurally Diverse Bioactive Phytochemicals

Diabetes-related ulcers and slow-healing wounds pose a significant health risk to individuals due to their uncertain causes. Mortality rates for diabetes foot ulcers (DFUs) range from 10% after 16 months to 24% after five years. The use of bioactive phytochemicals can play a key role in healing wounds in a predictable time. Recent literature has demonstrated that various natural substances, including flavonoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides, play key roles at different stages of the wound-healing process through diverse mechanisms. These studies have categorized the compounds according to their characteristics, bioactivities, and modes of action. In this study, we evaluated the role of natural compounds derived from plant sources that have been shown to play a crucial role in immunomodulation. Macrophages are closely involved in immunomodulation within the wound microenvironment and are key players in efferocytosis, inflammation resolution, and tissue regeneration, all of which contribute to successful wound healing. Phytochemicals and their derivatives have shown capabilities in immune regulation, including macrophage migration, nitric oxide synthase inhibition, lymphocyte and T-cell stimulation, cytokine activation, natural killer cell enhancement, and the regulation of NF-κβ, TNF-α, and apoptosis. In this review, we have studied the role of phytochemicals in immunomodulation for the resolution of diabetic wound inflammation.

Postoperative Complications in Diabetic type-2 Verses Non-Diabetic Patients Undergoing Appendectomy. A Comparative clinical Study

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is known to double the risk of postoperative complications because of weak immunity and compromised healing. Objectives: To analyse the rate of postoperative complications among diabetic and non-diabetic patients who have undergone appendectomy to determine whether the level of diabetes management has an impact on wound healing. Methodology: A prospective study was done on n=300 patients who were diagnosed with acute appendicitis and were scheduled to undergo appendectomy; of which n=150 patients had diabetes type-2 and n=150 were non- diabetics. Concerning adverse outcomes, the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs), prolonged healing of the surgical site, and the number of days spent in the hospital after the operation were identified. Diabetes mellitus was defined based on self-reported diagnosis and glycemic control was evaluated using HbA1c level with the cut-off of >7%. Chi-square and t-tests were used in the analysis of data while multivariate logistic regression was used to assess predictors of complications. p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Diabetic patients had a higher incidence of surgical site infections, 15.3% and 5.3%, p= 0.007 for diabetic and non-diabetic patient respectively and delayed wound healing 10.7% and 3. 3%, p = 0.015 for diabetic and non-diabetic patients respectively. Patients with HbA1c > 7% had a higher rate of SSIs of 21. 8 % and delayed healing of 15.4% compared well-controlled diabetics (p = 0.009 and p=0.02 respectively). It was more prolonged in the diabetic patients (6.1 as against 4. 3 days, p<0.001). Diabetes was found to be an independent risk factor for SSIs and slow wound healing. Conclusion: Diabetic patients who have undergone appendectomy were more susceptible to SSIs and slow healing of the wound especially if their blood glucose levels were not well controlled. It is possible that enhanced perioperative glycemic control can decrease postoperative adverse effects.

Chronic stress increases adaptive immune response over six weeks in the house sparrow, Passer domesticus

The vertebrate stress response enables an organism to shift energy towards activities that promote immediate survival when facing a threat to homeostasis, but it can also have detrimental effects on organismal health. Acute and chronic stressors generally have contrasting effects on immune responses, but the timeline of this transition between acute and chronic stressors and their effects on immune responses remains unclear. In this study, we investigate changes in immune markers in captive house sparrows (Passer domesticus) after exposure to normal laboratory conditions, an acute stressor, and chronic stressors for 42 days. Specifically, we examined changes in baseline and stress-induced corticosterone concentrations, body condition, heterophil/lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, hemolysis-hemagglutination, and wound healing. We found that individuals exposed to a single acute stressor had significantly higher stress-induced corticosterone concentrations 24 h after stressor exposure, however this effect was reversed after 48 h. Chronic stressor exposure resulted in generally stronger adaptive immune responses, demonstrated by higher baseline and stress-induced lysis, higher baseline hemagglutination, and slower wound healing. Within-trait correlations also increased with chronic stressor exposure, suggesting limitations on phenotypic plasticity. Most of the effects of chronic stressor exposure on immune markers strengthened over the 42 days of the experiment and differences between captivity-only and treatment groups were not apparent until approximately 20 days of chronic stressor exposure. These results highlight the importance of stressor duration in understanding the effects of chronic stressor exposure on immune responses.

Reconstructive Surgery of the Head and Neck in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.

The number of solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) is growing as a consequence of an increase in transplantations and longer survival; these patients, thus, frequently suffer various comorbidities and are subjected to the detrimental effects of immunosuppressive agents, which expose them to a higher risk of developing malignancies. These drugs also complicate the surgical treatment of neoplasms, as they can hinder wound healing, especially when associated with other unfavorable factors (e.g., previous radiotherapy, diabetes, etc.). We herein present our experience with a 74-year-old SOTR who underwent a radical extended parotidectomy and reconstruction with a submental island flap for a persistent cutaneous squamous carcinoma after radiotherapy; his complicated clinical course was characterized by incredibly slow wound healing. The current literature was reviewed to provide a succinct overview of the main difficulties of head and neck surgery in SOTRs. In particular, the immunosuppressive regimen can be tapered considering the individual risk and other elements should be carefully assessed, possibly prior to surgery, to prevent cumulative harm. New developments, including intraoperative monitoring of flap vascularization through indocyanine green fluorescence video-angiography and the prophylactic application of negative pressure wound therapy, when feasible, may be particularly beneficial for high-risk patients.

Chewing Gum Versus Standard Care for Enhanced Bowel Recovery After Cesarean Section: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background and objective Cesarean sections (CS) are common and occasionally critical surgical procedures. Nausea, vomiting, and postoperative ileus (POI) frequently occur in patients undergoing cesarean delivery with regional anesthesia. These issues affect patient comfort, slow down wound healing, and prolong hospital stays. Studies have employed various strategies to address these challenges. Chewing gum post-surgery is a cost-effective approach to stimulate intestinal movement, promoting early initiation of oral intake, early mobilization, shorter hospital stays, and reduced overall hospitalization time. In this study, we aimed toinvestigate the potential benefits of chewing gum in thispatient population. Methodology We randomly assigned a total of 314 women scheduled for elective or emergency lower segment CS (LSCS) to either a gum-chewing group (Group A, n=157) or a control group receiving standard postoperative care(Group B, n=157). Participants in the gum-chewing group chewed sugar-free gum for one hour postoperatively in sessions lasting 15 minutes each, continuing until bowel sounds resumed, and were allowed to have oral sips of water. In contrast, the control group's bowel sounds were checked every half hour till they appeared, and women were allowed to have sips of water once the bowel sounds were heard. The primary comparisons between the groups focused on the timing of first bowel sounds, first passage of flatus, and first bowel movement. Secondary endpoints included time to mobilization, removal of the catheter, and subjective sense of well-being. Results The average age of women in both groups was 24 years. There were no statistically significant differences between the study and control groups concerning age, parity, occupation, type of CS, reasons for CS, skin incision, or intraperitoneal adhesions. In Group A, the mean time for bowel sounds to appear was 3.39 hours, compared to 6.91 hours in Group B. For flatus passage, the mean time was 12.74 hours in Group A and 20.51 hours in Group B. Stool passage took an average of 41.59 hours in Group A and 64.03 hours in Group B. Conclusions Chewing gum, a type of simulated eating, is linked to faster restoration of gastrointestinal function following CS. This study elucidates the mechanisms behind the benefits of chewing gum and explores its potential in diverse surgical populations. Ultimately, integrating chewing gum into postoperative caremay offer a valuable tool for enhancing patient outcomes and accelerating recovery, provided it is used in conjunction with comprehensive and personalized postoperative care strategies. It isa cost-effective approach that accelerates the recovery of intestinal movement post-surgery, decreasing the length of hospital stay and overall burden on patients.

Study on the effect and mechanism of Yanghe decoction Huacai on tissue repair ofsyndrome after anal fistula surgery.

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Yanghe decoction Huacai for the repair of Yin syndrome wounds with slow-healing after anal fistula surgery. A total of 120 patients with slow-healing negative wounds with after low-grade anal fistula surgery who met the inclusion criteria were divided into a treatment group and a control group based on a random number table method, with 60 patients in the treatment group and 60 patients in the control group. The treatment group was given Yanghe decoction Huacai in combination with routine treatment; the control group was only given routine treatment, in which the wound surface was disinfected with iodine, and then covered with sterile gauze. The course of treatment in both groups was 10 d. After treatment, the wound secretion score, wound granulation tissue score, the expression levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the wound, wound healing time and clinical efficacy were compared. There was no significant difference in age or gender between the two groups (P > 0.05). On the 10th and 15th days after the surgery, the wound secretion scores were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.01). Comparing the two groups at the 10th and 15th day after surgery, the granulation tissue growth scores in the treatment group were better than the in control group (P < 0.01). On the 10th and 15th day after operation, the expression levels of bFGF, TGF-β1 and EGF factors in the treatment group were stronger than those in the control group. The healing time of the wounds in the treatment group was significantly shorter than in the control group (P < 0.01). The clinical efficacy of the two groups after treatment was compared, and the overall efficacy of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). Yanghe decoction Huacai have significant efficacy in the treatment of slow-healing wounds with Yin syndrome after anal fistula surgery. It improves wound secretions, promotes the growth of wound granulation tissue, and shortens wound healing time. Its mechanism of action may be related to the control of wound inflammation. It is related to increasing the expression of bFGF, TGF-β1 and EGF in wound tissue, and promoting wound angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation.

The Effect of Warm Water Compress on the Vagina on the Healing of Perinium Wounds in Post Partum Mothers

Background: Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017, around 830 women died every day due to complications during pregnancy or childbirth. In Indonesia, 75% of women who give birth vaginally experience perineal wounds and some of these wounds have the potential to become infected. In the Tanjung Emas Community Health Center working area, out of 23 post partum mothers, 4 people (27%) experienced slow wound healing. One cause of infection is poor perineal care. The cause of the high infection rate is due to a decrease in the body's resistance in mothers who are susceptible to infection. To reduce the risk of maternal death globally from 216.1 million live births in 2015 to 70 per 100,000 live births in 2030.Purpose:The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of warm water compresses on the vagina on healing perineal wounds in post-partum mothers. Methods: The design of this research is a two-group post test only control group design. The population in this study was all postpartum mothers (0-40 days) from December-March 2024 who gave birth in the Tanjung Emas Community Health Center Working Area, namely 23 people. The sampling technique used is a non-probability sample using the sampling technique method in this research using purposive sampling, namely 8 intervention groups and 8 control groups.Results: The results of this study were that the average wound healing was 5.5 and in the Control Group 6.5 days with a mean difference of 1 day and SD = 0.926. The results of calculations using the Paired T-Test showed p value = 0.039 (p 0.05), which means Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning there is a significant influence between the effect of warm water compresses on the vagina on healing perineal wounds.Conclusion: Further research may be carried out to develop research on other effective methods for healing perineal wounds in pregnant women.

Antibacterial composite protein microneedle loaded with hypoxia-treated exosomes for oral ulcer healing

Oral ulcer treatment is challenging: various dressings have been developed, but they have poor efficacy. The efficacy of oral ulcer treatment depends on the local drug concentration; low drug concentrations result in slow wound healing. Therefore, the sustained release of active therapeutic ingredients from wound dressings with few administrations is promising. Hypoxic exosomes (Exos) can promote cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Further, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) confer broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. We prepared a light-cured composite microneedle (MN) patch based on bovine serum albumin methacryloyl (BSAMA) and methacrylic gelatin (GelMA) (the combination is denoted BG). Control, BG, BG@Exos, and BG@Exos&AgNPs were used to explore the therapeutic effects of hypoxic Exos and AgNPs on oral ulcers. In vitro experiments showed that BG@Exos&AgNPs MN patches effectively promoted cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis and significantly inhibited bacterial growth and expression of IL-2 and TNF-ɑ. We found that BG@Exos&AgNPs promoted the healing of oral ulcers in rats, demonstrated by rapid wound epithelial healing, downregulation of inflammatory factor expression, and increased macrophage polarization. Therefore, the designed BG@Exos&AgNPs MN patch is a valuable approach for treating oral ulcers.

Research progress on the mechanisms of probiotics promoting wound healing

Slow wound healing has been a troublesome problem in clinic. In China, traditional methods such as antibiotics and silver sulfadiazine are used to treat skin wound, but the abuse use has many disadvantages, such as chronic wounds and pathogen resistance. Studies have shown that the microorganisms with symbiotic relationship with organisms have benefits on skin wound. Therefore, the way to develop and utilize probiotics to promote wound healing has become a new research direction. In this paper, we reviewed the studies on the bacteriotherapy in the world, described how the probiotics can play a role in promoting wound healing through local wound and intestine, and introduced some mature probiotics products and clinical trials, aiming to provide foundations for further development of bacteriotherapy and products.

Gold nanoparticles coated with collagen-I and their wound healing activity in human skin fibroblast cells

The slow wound healing process has become a major health problem. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used in various biomedical applications because of their unique properties. Type I collagen (Collagen-I) is a protein and be the most abundant type of collagen. This type of collagen can help the surrounding structure to maintain its rigidity. In this study, we stabilized the surface of AuNPs using Collagen-I (Collagen-I@AuNPs) and investigated the effect of Collagen-I@AuNPs on wound healing. The evaluation of inflammatory cytokine secretion, which were interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), was performed. We found that Collagen-I@AuNPs reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in scratched human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. Furthermore, Collagen-I@AuNPs induced the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are key growth factors involved in wound healing. This results in enhanced wound closure. In addition, Collagen-I@AuNPs were not toxic to HSF cells and facilitated the cellular uptake of particles inside HSF cells. Therefore, Collagen-I@AuNPs is a promising candidate for wound healing enhancement.

Hoslundia opposita vahl; a potential source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibiofilm activity for wound healing

BackgroundBiofilms and oxidative stress retard wound healing. The resistance of biofilms to antibiotics has led to a search for alternative approaches in biofilm elimination. Antioxidants work synergistically with antibacterial agents against biofilms. Hence recent research has suggested plants as candidates in the development of new alternatives in biofilm treatments and as antioxidants due to the presence of phytocompounds which are responsible for their bioactivities. Hoslundia opposita Vahl is one of the plants used by traditional healers to treat wounds and other infections, this makes it a potential candidate for drug discovery hence, in this study, we investigate the antibiofilm and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of hoslundia opposita Vahl from Uganda. We also identify phytochemicals responsible for its bioactivity.Methodthe plant was extracted by maceration using methanol, and the extract was investigated for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. The antibiofilm activity using microtiter plate assay (MTP) assay where the Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration required to inhibit 50% or 90% of the biofilm (MBIC50 and MBIC90) and Minimum biofilm eradication concentration required to remove 50% or 90% of the biofilm (MBEC50 and MBEC90) were measured. It was further analysed for its phytochemical composition using quantitative screening, as well as Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS).ResultsH. Opposita Vahl extract showed good antioxidant activity with of 249.6 mg/mL. It inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms with MBIC50 of 28.37 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively. It showed the ability to eradicate P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms with MBEC50 of 23.85 and 39.01 mg/mL respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenols. GC-MS analysis revealed 122 compounds in the extract of which, 23 have evidence of antioxidant or antibiofilm activity in literature. The most abundant compounds were; 1,4- Citric acid, Tetracontane-1,40-diol (43.43.3%, 1, Olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, methyl ester, (3.beta) (15.36%) 9-Octadecenamide (12.50%), Squalene (11.85%) Palmitic Acid 4TMS (11.28%), and alpha Amyrin (11.27%). The LC-MS identified 115 and 57 compounds in multiple reaction mode (MRM) and scan modes respectively.ConclusionH. opposita Vahl showed antibiofilm and antioxidant activity due to bioactive compounds identified, hence the study justifies its use for wound healing. It can be utilised in further development of new drugs as antibiofilm and antioxidants.

Strain-Programmed Adhesive Patch for Accelerated Photodynamic Wound Healing.

As an alternative to tissue adhesives, photochemical tissue bonding has been investigated for advanced wound healing. However, these techniques suffer from relatively slow wound healing with bleeding and bacterial infections. Here, we present the versatile attributes of afterglow luminescent particles (ALPs) embedded in dopamine-modified hyaluronate (HA-DOPA) patches for accelerated wound healing. ALPs enhance the viscoelastic properties of the patches, and the photoluminescence (PL) and afterglow luminescence (AL) of ALPs maximize singlet oxygen generation and collagen fibrillogenesis for effective healing in the infected wounds. The patches are optimized to achieve the strong and rapid adhesion in the wound sites. In addition, the swelling and shrinking properties of adhesive patches contribute to a non-linear behavior in the wound recovery, playing an important role as a strain-programmed patch. The protective patch prevents secondary infection and skin adhesion, and the patch seamlessly detaches during wound healing, enabling efficient residue clearance. In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo model tests confirm the biocompatibility, antibacterial effect, hemostatic capability, and collagen restructuring for the accelerated wound healing. Taken together, this research collectively demonstrates the feasibility of HA-DOPA/ALP patches as a versatile and promoting solution for advanced accelerated wound healing, particularly in scenarios involving bleeding and bacterial infections. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The influence of a course of complex application of supravenous laser irradiation of blood and phototherapy on indicators of the neurohormonal status of patients with true eczema

BACKGROUND: In the pathogenesis of true eczema, an important place is occupied by stress, under the influence of which stimulation of the hypothalamus and brain stem occurs, as well as activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system. Stress-induced secretion of neurotransmitters impairs the barrier function of the epidermis, slows wound healing, increases itching and inflammation, and suppresses immunity by changing the immune response of T-helper cells. AIM: Assessment of the severity of the corrective effect of a course of application of supravenous laser irradiation of blood and broadband medium-wave phototherapy on the blood levels of adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and beta-endorphin in patients with true eczema with a moderate form of the course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out with the participation of 120 patients with a moderate form of true eczema. Using simple fixed randomization, all patients were divided into 4 groups. The first group (control, n=30) received only basic drug therapy, including the use of detoxification, hyposensitizing, antihistamines and topical glucocorticosteroids. Patients of the second group (comparison group 1, n=30) additionally underwent a course of supravenous laser irradiation of blood. In the third group (comparison group 2, n=30), broadband medium-wave phototherapy was performed against the background of basic therapy. Patients of the fourth group (main group, n=30) in addition to basic therapy received a course of combined exposure to supravenous laser blood irradiation and phototherapy. The concentrations of adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and beta-endorphin were determined in the blood of patients twice (before the start of treatment and 1 month after the start of therapy) using ELISA. The clinical condition of patients in the groups was assessed by changes in the EASI index. Additionally, we studied the dynamics of the level of reactive and personal anxiety using the Spielberger–Khanin questionnaire. RESULTS: Positive dynamics of adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and beta-endorphin were noted only in the comparison groups and the main group, which proves the high efficiency of correction of the neurohumoral status of patients through a course of complex use of supravenous laser blood irradiation and broadband mid-wave phototherapy. Quantitative changes in the assessed parameters during complex therapy with therapeutic physical factors indicate a supra-additive version of their interaction, realized through different modalities, points of application and mechanisms for realizing the biological potential of physiotherapeutic effects. CONCLUSION: The results obtained convincingly prove the effectiveness of an additional course of use of supravenous laser irradiation of blood in combination with broadband medium-wave phototherapy when correcting the neuroendocrine status in patients with true eczema. The close correlation between neurohumoral indicators and clinical and psychological patterns of the disease proves the pathogenetic significance of the studied neuroendocrine indicators, which allows us to consider their dynamics as informative criteria for the effectiveness of the treatment.

Inhibition of Let-7b-5p maturation by LIN28A promotes thermal skin damage repair after burn injury

Burn injuries, especially severe ones, result in direct and indirect thermal damage to skin tissues, with a complex and slow wound healing process. Improper treatment can induce sustained inflammatory responses, causing systemic damage. Lin28A, a highly conserved RNA binding protein, was found to exert a significant effect on cell proliferation and wound repair. Lin28A exerts the functions through inhibiting the maturation of the let-7 family miRNAs. Herein, the roles of Lin28A and let-7b in thermal injury repair were investigated using a mouse thermal injury model and a human skin fibroblast (HSF) model for thermal injuries. Lin28A could inhibit the maturation of let-7b, thus participating in skin repair after burns. In the animal model, Lin28A was highly expressed after thermal injury. In the HSF model for thermal injuries, downregulation of Lin28A inhibited the proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) generation of fibroblasts. When let-7b was knocked down in HSFs, the impacts on fibroblast functions caused by downregulation of Lin28A were partially reversed. Moreover, let-7b overexpression might significantly attenuate the promotive effects of Lin28A upon thermal injury repair. Finally, AKT2 and IGF1R were the let-7b target genes within cells. These findings reveal that Lin28A might promote thermal injury repair in burn-injured skin by inhibiting the maturation of let-7b and improving HSF viability and functions, thus illustrating the critical effect of let-7b on burn wound healing and providing new therapeutic targets and strategies for burn treatment.

Awareness of Side Effects of Corticosteroids among Users and Nonusers in Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Background: Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications that are used to reduce inflammation and inhibit the immune system in a variety of disorders, including allergies, asthma, systemic lupus erythematous, eczema, inflammatory bowel disease, and swollen joints or muscles. The goal of this study was to assess the level of awareness and sources of information about the side effects of corticosteroids among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia using an electronic questionnaire. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Results: The study included 755 participants from Saudi Arabia (67.3% females and 32.7% males). Around 26.8% reported using corticosteroids, and 73.9% were aware of the side effects of glucocorticoids. Among steroid users (202 participants), the most common conditions were allergies (36.1%), asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (21.8%), and skin diseases (27.7%). The majority of respondents (57.9%) used steroids for less than 2 weeks, and topical application (52.5%) was the most common form. Only 30.7% received information about side effects at the time of prescription. The most reported side effects were truncal obesity, moon face, skin thinning, bruising, and slower wound healing. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of promoting awareness and knowledge regarding the side effects of corticosteroids in Saudi Arabia. While overall awareness levels were relatively satisfactory, specific side effects require further attention in educational efforts.

Effect of Application of Autologous Conditioned Serum on Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice Through Inhibition of STING Pathway Activation.

Slow wound healing in diabetic patients is a common complication of diabetes. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) therapy is an emerging and safe biological therapy, and may accelerate the wound healing in diabetes. To investigate the effect of ACS in promoting wound healing in diabetic mice and its possible mechanism. Twenty-four six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were selected and divided into 5 groups, including control group (Ctrl), diabetic wound group (DW), ACS treatment group (DW+ACS) and STING pathway validation group (DW+ACS+DMXAA), with six mice in each group. Intervention was initiated after the back incision was performed, and wound healing was assessed on day 0, day 7, and day 14, and wound healing was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of skin tissue on day 14. At the same time, the wound healing of the fibroblast markers collagen I and α-SMA was measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. ACS treatment significantly accelerated the diabetic wound according to the wound area and HE staining results. Meanwhile, collagen I and α-SMA concentration evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot were remarkably elevated under the ACS interference. The STING signaling pathway was obviously activated in diabetic wound tissues. After the addition of DMXAA, an agonist of STING, the healing function of ACS was dramatically reversed. The application of ACS promotes wound healing in diabetic mice by enhancing fibroblasts. Meanwhile, the STING signaling pathway was inactivated by ACS interference. Hence, ACS can be used in the treatment of wound healing of Diabetes.

Consensus of the Brazilian association of hematology, hemotherapy and cellular therapy on patient blood management: Preoperative Phase – Preoperative management of the patient's anemia

Managing anemia before surgery is extremely important as it is a clinical condition that can significantly increase surgical risk and affect patient outcomes. Anemia is characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels leading to a lower oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Proper treatment requires a multifaceted approach to ensure patients are in the best possible condition for surgery and to minimize potential complications. The challenge is recognizing anemia early and implementing a timely intervention to correct it. Anemic patients are more susceptible to surgical complications such as increased infection rates, slower wound healing and increased risk of cardiovascular events during and after surgery. Additionally, anemia can exacerbate existing medical conditions, causing greater strain on organs and organ systems. To correct anemia and optimize patient outcomes, several essential measures must be taken with the most common being identifying and correcting iron deficiency.