Retail Trade Research Articles

Structural analysis of Kazakhstan's e-commerce market participants in the B2C segment

The article examines the current trends in the development of the e-commerce market in Kazakhstan using the example of the B2C segment. The growth of online retail trade in Kazakhstan has been exponential over the past 3-4 years, and the activity of entrepreneurs in this segment has led to the rapid formation of the necessary infrastructure aimed at meeting consumer demand. The purpose of the study conducted by the authors is to analyze the main subjects of the e-commerce market in the dynamics of their development and influence on the state of the market. The study of agents of this market conducted by the authors using general scientific methods allowed us to identify the main trends and patterns of change in the structure of online services provided, the sale of goods via the Internet, and the improvement of payment and delivery methods. In addition, the authors focused on assessing the competitiveness of the market and identified trends in its monopolization. Despite the highly competitive nature of the e-commerce market, market pioneers have advantages that give them the opportunity to have a strong influence on the market, contributing to the emergence of potential barriers to entry in certain market segments. The results obtained allowed the authors to determine promising directions for the development of the B2C segment of the e-commerce market in Kazakhstan.

The Applicability of Principal Component Analysis: A Review of the Nigeria Gross Domestic Products (GDP)

In 2014, Nigeria was largest and fastest growing economy in Africa, and this is determine by year on year Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is the major tools use by the rest of the world to determine the capacity of a country. Furthermore National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) releases both quarterly and yearly growth of Nigeria GDP, while the data source in this project is from NBS, starting from 1980 to 2017. Moreover the Nigeria GDP comprises many components. The major PCs use are Agriculture, Building and Construction, Industry, Wholesale and Retail Trade, and Services. It was observed that there is yearly growth in Nigeria gross domestic products due to increase in all contributors factored components from 1980 to 2017, Agriculture had the highest number activities to this per capital income followed by Industry, Services, wholesale and retail trade, and building and construction. Also the overall accumulated variance for the GDP for the studied period is 10.7 for a 56% coefficient of variation. All the contributors (Agriculture, Industry,......) maintained a positive correlation all through the period of study expect for Services that affect/shirk the GDP along the year. Wholesales experienced the strongest doling of taking care of the GDP with 98%, followed by Building and Construction, industry and agriculture with 86%, 78% and 6% respectively. However for Nigeria to maintain the largest economy in Africa It will strongly advice that the economy team should look properly on agriculture and industry and if this two increases certainly wholesale and retail trade with building and construction will be affected positively while extended to services, therefore the GDP will also be stabilise.

ASSESSMENT OF THE DOMESTIC WORKWEAR MARKET

The research paper examines the development of the market for tailoring work clothes in Ukraine. The European and domestic classification of types of work clothes and the corresponding segmentation of the market are given. Special purpose clothing guarantees protection to employees from the adverse effects of the working environment, reduces the risk of industrial injuries and shows their individuality. Under modern conditions, the market of overalls is developing rapidly, taking into account the growing need for it among enterprises in the construction industry, manufacturing industry, distribution of electricity, gas and water, wholesale and retail trade, tourism, medicine, the service sector and other industries. Therefore, the analysis of the development of the overalls market requires in-depth research and is an important and urgent issue. The article provides an assessment of the current state of the workwear market in terms of changes in the number of enterprises, volumes of merchandise and sales of special purpose products. The domestic market of work clothes and personal protective equipment maintains a stable growth trend. In particular, new business entities dealing with their tailoring and implementation are being opened. They expand the range of special purpose products; improve their quality and aesthetic appearance. The article outlines the trends in the development of the workwear market in Ukraine: cost optimization for the purchase of better quality workwear; the emergence of new technologies in the production of work clothes increase the requirements for the innovative component of the clothing market; orientation of manufacturers of work clothes mainly on consumers of low and medium price segments; growth in the amount of tailoring of uniforms for the Armed Forces, the State Emergency Service, and medical workers based on military needs; increase in the number of competing companies. Based on this, the ways of further improvement of the scope of sales regarding the tailoring of work clothes are planned: to make comfortable multi-functional overalls for active life and work; to revitalize the digitization of the market for the sale of workwear; to involve nanotechnology in the production of overalls (fabrics: a generator, a cooler, which changes color under the influence of water, heat and light, which is not subject to damage when using a knife). As a result of taking these measures, companies producing special purpose clothing will increase their competitiveness both on the domestic and European markets.

Identification of short term Fast-Slow patterns using the Nasdaq-100 future through a technical analysis application

In recent decades, the analysis of atypical behavior in asset prices has become relevant, since participants in financial markets recognize that the idea of perfect markets is distanced from reality. The purpose of this research is to present a trading strategy through the identification of short-term chart patterns, based on anomalies in the future price of the Nasdaq-100 index. The historical backtesting methodology will be used in the technical analysis of the asset to quantify the performance of the identified patterns. It will be verified that the anomalies in the stock index are not temporary; rather, they persist and recur on a recurring basis, especially in intraday events. Additionally, the best performing trading session will be determined. This work will provide retail traders with trading guidelines to approach the markets with a statistically profitable strategy.

SCENARIO ANALYSIS OF WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE IN BANGLADESH: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Wholesale and retail trade is considered as one of the essential activities contributing to the domestic product, labour force and linkage between producers and consumers. The main objective of the study is to assess the status of input cost, gross output, gross value added of wholesale and retail trade in Bangladesh during the period of COVID-19 pandemic and also compare the volatility between wholesale and retail trade. The secondary data of wholesale and retail trade survey-2021 with 15,258 establishment have been collected from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Both the quantitative and qualitative methods were applied in this study. Scenario analysis was employed to find the current status of input cost, gross output, gross value added of wholesale and retail trade in Bangladesh. The study reveals that industrial cost was increased due to several constraints, including market issues, high labour costs, transportation issues, and logistical shortcomings. The findings of the volatility between wholesale and retail trade represent that retail businesses have more flexibility in expenses, while wholesale enterprises often have more output and value added. Finally, it has been found that gross output significantly depends on gross value addition, whereas COVID-19 affects all scenarios. The findings of this study would be helpful for the planners and policy makers of the trade sectors to take appropriate policies regarding wholesale and retail trade in Bangladesh.

INFRASTRUCTURAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS PLAY CATALYTIC ROLE FOR GIG WORKERS OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY IN MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION

Gig work is increasing across all industries and sectors all over world after pandemic. In Mumbai, the gig workers of food and beverage industry are more as compared to other municipal corporations in Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The Ambernath municipal council has more gig workers as compared to Matheran Municipal Council. Rural parts of Vasai have less gig workers but Ambernath and Kalyan rural has more gig workers. Employment generated by the wholesale and retail trade, restaurant and hotel were more during 1990 ‘s in Mumbai city. But currently, this industry is growing very slow in terms of employment as compared to other industries and employment. The ordinary least square regression shows that gig workers of food and beverage industry are positively correlated to all municipal corporations in Mumbai Metropolitan Region but negatively correlated to Thane and Panvel rural area. Sewage and water supply is positively co-related to gig workers in Vasai Virar municipal corporation. Most of units in food and beverage unis are small and do not provide employment throughout year. The social security is not provided to most of the gig workers. Hygiene, regular pay scales, normal work hours, training is not provided to gig workers. Central and State government must draft rules and regulation for this sector with strict guidelines. It will improve the current economic status of gig workers and work environment in this industry.

Volatilitas Harga Daging Ayam Broiler di Tingkat Pedagang Pengecer pada Berbagai Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jambi

This research aims to analyze broiler chicken meat price volatility at the retail trader level in various districts/cities in Jambi Province. Forecasting analysis of broiler chicken meat prices in Jambi Province using time series secondary data in the form of daily data on the price of purebred chicken meat from 1 January 2023 to 31 October 2023 sourced from the National Food Agency. The analytical method used to determine volatility and the appropriate forecasting model for broiler chicken meat prices in Jambi Province uses the ARIMA, ARCH/GARCH model. The volatility of broiler chicken meat prices at the retail trader level in 11 districts/cities in the Jambi Province region varies, with the volatility in Kerinci District being the highest. The appropriate forecasting model for determining the price of broiler chicken meat in Jambi Province is the ARCH Model, which performs well in predicting the price of broiler chicken meat in Jambi Province.

Determinants Of Financial Distress In Retail Trade Sub-Sector Companies In Indonesia

This study aims to identify the influence of cash flow, sales growth, liquidity, and profitability on financial distress. This study uses a quantitative approach by utilizing secondary data in the form of company financial statements. The population in this study is companies that belong to the retail trading sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The purposive sampling method was used to select 12 companies as research samples. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that cash flow, sales growth, and liquidity had a significant negative influence on financial hardship, which meant that an increase in these three variables tended to lower the risk of financial hardship. Meanwhile, the profitability variable did not show a significant influence on financial difficulties, indicating that the level of profitability was not directly related to the financial condition of the company that was experiencing difficulties. These findings provide important insights for company management in managing financial risks.

PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE, KUALITAS AUDIT DAN OPINI AUDIT TERHADAP AUDIT REPORT LAG (PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR BARANG KONSUMEN NON-PRIMER SUBSEKTOR PERDAGANGAN RITEL

This study aims to examine the effect of company size, leverage, audit quality and audit opinion on audit report lag in non-primary consumer goods sector companies in the retail trade subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. This research uses quantitative data. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling method, which resulted in 51 samples. The tests carried out in this study were multiple linear regression tests with the SPSS test tool. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously company size, leverage, audit quality and audit opinion have no effect on audit report lag. Partially, the audit quality variable has an effect on audit report lag. Meanwhile, company size, leverage and audit opinion have no effect on audit report lag

Determination of Priority Sectors in Economic Development in Maluku Province

This research aims to determine priority sectors in formulating economic development policies in Maluku Province. The methods used in this research are Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share (SS), and Klassen Typology. The research results show that based on the three methods above, the priority sectors in economic development in Maluku Province are sectors that have superiority, and competitiveness and are among advanced and rapidly developing sectors (prime sectors). These sectors are the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries sectors, the Wholesale and Retail Trade sector, Car and Motorcycle Repairs, the Government Administration, Defense and Mandatory Social Security sectors, and the Education Services sector. This sector is a sector that absorbs a lot of workers. Apart from that, the primary sector is a sector that plays an important role in economic development in Maluku Province. The contribution of the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors indirectly shows that the economic structure of Maluku province is still supported by the traditional economy. Then, geographically, the vast area of Maluku Province, the majority of which is water areas; however, this sub-sector has yet to become the main support for the economy of Maluku Province. For this reason, the Maluku provincial government should prioritize the superior sectors and commodities it owns while still paying attention to other industries and commodities according to their potential and development opportunities in order to encourage the growth of Maluku Province's GRDP for future regional development. The implications of this research can be recommendations for economic planning and development in Maluku Province. The implications of this study can be recommendations for economic planning and development in Maluku Province

Imbalance between Employees and the Organisational Context: A Catalyst for Workplace Bullying Behaviours in Both Targets and Perpetrators.

Research on workplace bullying from the perpetrators' perspective is limited, leading to few interventions tailored to them. This gap stems from insufficient understanding of how organisational conditions and individual dispositions trigger or amplify perpetrator behaviour. To develop effective interventions in preventing bullying, perceived organisational factors were examined. This study, guided by the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and the three-way model of workplace bullying (WB), aims to explore the effects of perceived (im)balances in the task or employee focus, social atmosphere (positive or negative), and hierarchical structure (high or low) in organisations on the incidence of WB, both in terms of perpetrator and target experiences. The research involved 1044 employees from multiple Spanish organisations and sectors: 51.7% in services, 24.6% in education, 14.5% in wholesale and retail trade, and 9.2% in manufacturing. The average age of participants was 35.43 years (SD = 10.9), with a female majority of 61.3%. Using a cross-sectional study design, the experiences of being a target and perpetrator were quantitatively assessed through validated WB target and perpetrator scales. Additionally, the study qualitatively examined employees' perceptions of their organisational context through free descriptions, using adjectives to depict their views. Correspondence analysis was employed to test the hypotheses, and the results affirmed them. The study found that perceived imbalances in organisational focus, social atmosphere, and hierarchy correlate with higher WB target and perpetrator reports, whereas balanced atmospheres correlate with no WB. This research underscores the significance of balanced organisational contexts in mitigating WB. It highlights a gap in the current literature regarding the broader organisational factors that influence bullying and advocates for a more in-depth understanding of these dynamics. Furthermore, it contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering a comprehensive and harmonised approach to preventing WB, transcending isolated interventions.

POSITIONING OF RUSSIAN REGIONS IN LONG-TERM AND MEDIUM-TERM ECONOMIC GROWTH RATINGS

In the article the author creates ratings of Russian regions according to criteria — ​long-term and medium-term real economic growth. An indicator of economic growth is the index of the physical volume of gross regional product. By the long-term period we mean the period from 1997 to 2021, by the medium-term period — ​the period from 2016 to 2021. The purpose of the study is to rank the regions according to these periods. Objectives of the study are following: to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of building two ratings; to show the spatial location of regions from the standpoint of long-term economic growth; to show the specialization of the leading regions. Specific research methods are the ranking method, comparative and correlation analyses, and the graphical illustration method. The leaders of both long-term and medium-term economic growth are three regions. These are St. Petersburg, the Moscow region and the Republic of Adygea. The absolute outsider according to both ratings is the Komi Republic. The industry specificity of the leading regions was obtained: all regions are characterized by specialization in manufacturing. Regions leading long-term and medium-term growth also specialize in non-production activities — ​wholesale and retail trade, real estate operations. The leading regions of medium-term growth specialize both in the extractive industry and in the fields of transport and communications.

ASSESSMENT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DEVELOPMENT FACTORS OF THE LARGEST COMPANIES IN NON-INDUSTRIAL SECTORS

The purpose of the research is to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility of the largest Russian companies in the field of trade, telecommunications, finance and investment. The research included a comprehensive quantitative analysis based on financial and integrated non-financial reporting data of sixteen largest representatives of such types of economic activities as wholesale and retail trade (OKVED 45–47), telecommunications (OKVED 61), financial and investment activities (OKVED 64–66). According to the results of the conducted research, the most priority directions of corporate social responsibility development in the companies of these types of economic activities were determined, namely, personnel retention and increase in the number of young specialists, revision of approaches to professional retraining and advanced training, reduction of occupational injuries, as well as full comprehension of the need to influence the social sphere and environmental responsibility.

Financial Analysis on Social Media and Disclosure Processing Costs: Evidence from Seeking Alpha

ABSTRACT Less-informed investors face greater costs of processing earnings news into actionable information. Our findings suggest financial analysis on social media reduces less-informed investors’ disclosure processing costs. We document an attenuated spike in earnings announcement (EA) information asymmetry for quarters containing more financial analysis on social media in the weeks prior to the EA. Cross-sectional evidence suggests this finding is stronger when coverage from traditional intermediaries is lower, for financial analyses written by more credible authors, and for financial analyses that are more likely relevant to evaluating the EA. Further evidence suggests retail trades, but not institutional trades, at EAs are significantly more profitable in quarters with greater financial analysis on social media, consistent with financial analysis on social media benefitting traders who are otherwise less-informed. Overall, our evidence suggests that financial analysis on social media plays an important role in aiding less-informed investors by helping them better process EA news. JEL Classifications: G14; M41.

The Transformation of Digital Innovative Services in Retail Trade Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

The Transformation of Digital Innovative Services in Retail Trade Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Analysis of Potential Regional Economic Development in Bengkulu Province in 2022

Bengkulu Province is one of the developing provinces in Indonesia. The distribution of development and economic growth is still one of the main objectives of development in Indonesia, as well as Bengkulu Province. Development and growth are still centralised in Bengkulu City, causing inequality between regions in Bengkulu Province. This research aims to identify the typology of regions in Bengkulu Province, as an evaluation material for the government in determining priority development areas based on business fields in Bengkulu Province. The research method used is quantitative with sharpened through descriptive analysis. This research uses secondary data sources obtained from BPS Bengkulu Province. Based on the existing business sectors in Bengkulu Province, the primary sector or sectors that still depend on or take advantage of natural conditions, such as; agriculture, forestry and fisheries have the largest contribution to the Bengkulu Province GRDP, which is 27.57%, then the next sector is the Wholesale and Retail Trade sector; Car and Motorcycle Repair, with an average contribution of 15.82%, and the Government Administration sector with a contribution of 8.88%. Data were analysed using Klassen's typology, by dividing or grouping into 4 (four) quadrants based on business field indicators. The results of the Klassen typology analysis in Bengkulu Province based on business fields show that there is close to equity in each sector, typology in quadrants 1, 3, and 4 consists of 5 business fields, while the typology results in quadrant 2, only consists of 2 business fields (Manufacturing, Public Administration & Defence; Compulsory Social Security).Keywords: Regional Typology; Klassen Typology; Economy; Development.

The Secondary Market of Goods: Features of Remote Concluding and Executing of a Non-Retail Purchase and Sale Agreement

The features and problems of concluding a non‑retail purchase and sale agreement by remote means on the Avito online trading platform are very relevant, since after online retail trade, online trade in used goods began to gain momentum. Every second, more than 8 transactions are made through the Avito website, sellers add more than 900 thousand new ads daily, and the annual customer flow is more than 80 million people. This indicates the need to study the legal issues related to the implementation of transactions on the Avito online trading platform. The paper analyzes Avito’s own rules of the marketplace, through which it was established who are the parties to this agreement, who makes an offer and acceptance when concluding a non‑retail purchase and sale agreement with the condition of the transfer of goods through Avito delivery, who are the parties to this agreement. The author examines the form and content of a non‑retail purchase and sale agreement with a condition for the transfer of goods through Avito‑delivery. The author also focuses on the problem that the Avito website does not provide a technical opportunity for the implementation of the rights to claim provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 475 and paragraph 1 of Article 480 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation within the framework of a non‑retail purchase and sale agreement with a condition for the transfer of goods through Avito delivery. The paper proposes the ways of solving the indicated problem. The conclusions drawn in the paper are relevant not only for the Avito online trading platform, but also for other marketplaces in the secondary market of goods.

Lottery jackpot winnings and retail trading in the neighborhood

We use lottery jackpot winnings in a neighborhood as an exogenous shock to investing in stocks. We find that retail investors whose brokerages are near the stores that sell winning tickets buy more stocks than their counterparts after the shock. These purchases lead to lower returns. We use a survey to identify the behavioral factors like regretfulness and probability weighting that are the main drivers of our findings. Moreover, these investors tend to buy more lottery-like stocks, but the shock does not affect their selling decisions. Finally, we perform several falsification tests and robustness checks and find consistent results.

‘Making text talk’: The minutes of the Central Bank of Brazil and the real economy

This paper investigates the relationship between the views expressed in the minutes of the meetings of the Central Bank of Brazil's Monetary Policy Committee (COPOM) and the real economy. It applies various linguistic machine learning algorithms to construct different measures of the uncertainty contained in the minutes of the COPOM. To achieve this, we first infer the content of the paragraphs of the minutes with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Secondly, we build an uncertainty index for the minutes with Word Embedding and K-Means. Thirdly, we create two topic-uncertainty indices. The first topic-uncertainty index is constructed from paragraphs with a higher probability of topics related to general economic conditions. The second topic-uncertainty index is built from paragraphs with a higher probability of topics related to inflation and the monetary policy decision. Then, via a Structural VAR, we explore the lasting effects of these uncertainty indices on some Brazilian macroeconomic variables. Our results show that an unexpected increase in the minutes' uncertainty leads to a depreciation of the exchange rate and a decline in industrial production and retail trade. Moreover, we show that a positive shock to the general economic conditions topic-uncertainty index leads to higher inflation, whereas a positive shock to the inflation and monetary policy decision topic-uncertainty index leads to lower inflation.

Evaluating the impact of a 24-hour economy on Ghana's economic landscape: A computable general equilibrium approach

The National Democratic Congress (NDC), Ghana's leading opposition political party, has unveiled an ambitious ‘24-hour economy’ policy proposal ahead of the country's forthcoming general elections in 2024. The policy aims to revitalise the nation's economic landscape by fostering round-the-clock operations in key sectors. This paper employs a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model framework, underpinned by the 2015 Ghana Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) and the 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census (PHC) data, to evaluate the potential impact of the policy on Ghana's economy.Results indicate that under the proposed ‘24-hour economy’ policy, Ghana's real GDP growth (not to be confused with GDP growth rate) in ten years would be 31.71 % higher than it would have been under a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario in the same timeframe. This indicates substantial augmentations in economic output within the Ghanaian economy under a ‘24-hour economy’ setting. Further, the policy would generate more than 3 million jobs within five years of its implementation, with manufacturing, agriculture, wholesale and retail trade, services, construction and transport sectors experiencing substantial employment gains.The policy's transformative effects are driven by its ability to stimulate capital investment and capital formation, boost productivity and increase household incomes.The paper concludes that the NDC's proposed ‘24-hour economy’ policy holds substantial potential for transformative economic growth in Ghana. However, there are potential challenges associated with the implementation of the policy, which then necessitates a holistic approach to policy formulation, focusing on inclusive growth and sustainable development strategies.