Retail Centers Research Articles

Washington Real Estate Investment Trust

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)Washington Real Estate Investment Trust is a self‐administered, self‐managed, equity real estate investment trust. Co.'s business consists of the ownership and development of income‐producing real properties in the greater Washington region. Co. owns a portfolio of general purpose office buildings, medical office buildings, industrial/flex properties, multifamily buildings and retail centers. As of Dec 31 2006, Co. owned a portfolio of 82 properties, consisting of 14 retail centers, 24 general purpose office properties, 13 medical office properties, 22 industrial/flex properties and 9 multi‐family properties encompassing 11.8 million net rentable square feet, and land for development.

Universal Forest Products Inc.

AbstractWood Products (MIC: 11.9 SIC: 2421 NAIC: 321113)Universal Forest Products is engaged in engineering, manufacturing, treating, distributing and installing lumber, composite wood, plastic and other building products to the do‐it‐yourself (DIY)/retail, site‐built construction, manufactured housing, and industrial markets. Co.'s DIY/retail market includes national home center retailers, retail and contractor‐ oriented regional lumberyards. Co.'s principal products include preservative‐treated wood, remanufactured lumber, lattice, fence panels, deck components, specialty packaging, engineered trusses, wall panels, and other building products. As of Dec 30 2006, Co. had 90 facilities located throughout the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.

Creating a GIS application for defining retail catchment area at Jeddah City

The aim of this paper is to use Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in defining and analysing the catchment area of retail centres. The first part of the paper presents a review of some existing retail centres and discusses their catchment sizes and extents. In addition, the paper defines some of the GIS functions, which can be used for retail catchment applications. In order to use GIS for retail catchment analysis, a retail centre called Al-Dawly Centre located at Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia is selected as a case study. Two types of GIS-based retail catchment models are produced for this centre. The first model is created based on customers' distribution and the second model is produced based on drive-time technique. Each one of these catchment models is used further for market analysis and demand identification purposes.

Introduction: The Conservative Turn in Postwar United States Working-Class History

The topic of working-class conservatism in the postwar United States might seem a particularly narrow and nationally-specific theme for a journal that stakes its reputation on the broader terrain of comparative and transnational history. Yet, in so many ways, the United States—despite its recently diminished role both economically and militarily around the world—continues to be the center of the globe's economic and military power structure. To risk overstatement, the domestic politics of the United States are a central part of international politics. At the core of a nation's political culture, it might be added, are its working people, whether in dying industrial towns or burgeoning big box retail centers. Readers outside the United States might have some sympathy for the plea of British rocker Billy Bragg who included a note to his American fans in his 1988 release. “I have no vote in your Presidential election,” Bragg explained as the Reagan years wound to a close, “yet its outcome will directly affect my future and the future of millions of other people around the world. Forgive me for putting this immense responsibility on your shoulders… . Remember, when you elect a President, you are electing a President for all of us. Please be more careful this time.”

Tamoxifen or Raloxifene in Postmenopausal Women for Prevention of Breast Cancer: A Tale of Two Choices—Counterpoint

Postmenopausal women 50 years or older with an estimated 5-year Gail model breast cancer risk of >1.66% or prior history of lobular carcinoma in situ now have two choices of prevention drug therapy: approved by the Food and Drug Administration for breast cancer risk reduction tamoxifen and

Greening retail

Much has been made of sustainable design in commercial office buildings, but where are our retail centres in this rush to ‘green’ our cities?

Using GIS for Retail Planning in Jeddah City

The aim of this paper was to identify the possibilities of using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in retail planning field. A spatial database was created for one major retail center called Cornaish center in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. The results of the GIS analysis covers three retail planning issues called Proximity to retail center, retail demand characteristics and spatial interaction between retail demand and supply.

A new model of urban development in Latin America: The gated communities and fenced cities in the metropolitan areas of Santiago de Chile and Valparaíso

Over the last decades, in the main Chilean cities the development of residential quarters with restricted access increased remarkably. This trend has occurred parallel to the construction of various features that significantly modified the organization of urban space: privatised highways, large retail centers and enclaves of advanced services. This article analyses these elements on the basis of geographical information systems. This makes it possible to demonstrate different kinds of urban fabric and their impact in a comparison of the two largest metropolitan areas of Chile. As similar structures and processes are reported from other Latin American countries, it seems that urban development has reached a new structural phase: after the compact colonial city, sectoral pattern and bi-polar city fragmentation are the key words to explain the internal pattern of Latin American cities. Thus, the findings of the study present a new model of the development of Latin American cities.

Forest City Enterprises, Inc.

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6512 NAIC: 236220)Forest City Enterprises is mainly engaged in the ownership, development, management and acquisition of commercial and residential real estate properties in 26 states and the District of Columbia. The Commercial Group owns, develops, acquires and operates regional malls, specialty/urban retail centers, office and life science buildings, hotels and mixed‐use projects. The Residential Group owns, develops, acquires and operates residential rental properties, including upscale and middle‐market apartments, adaptive re‐use developments and supported‐living communities. The Land Development Group acquires and sells both land and developed lots to residential, commercial and industrial customers.

Washington Real Estate Investment Trust

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)Washington Real Estate Investment Trust is a self‐administered, self‐managed, equity real estate investment trust. Co.'s business consists of the ownership and development of income‐producing real properties in the greater Washington region. Co. owns a portfolio of general purpose office buildings, medical office buildings, industrial/flex properties, multifamily buildings and retail centers. As of Dec 31 2006, Co. owned a portfolio of 82 properties, consisting of 14 retail centers, 24 general purpose office properties, 13 medical office properties, 22 industrial/flex properties and 9 multi‐family properties encompassing 11.8 million net rentable square feet, and land for development.

General Growth Properties, Inc. (DE)

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)General Growth Properties is a self‐administered and self‐managed real estate investment trust. Through its Retail and Other segment, Co. owns, operates, manages, leases, acquires, develops, expands and finances rental properties. These properties, which are located primarily in the U.S., include retail centers, office and industrial buildings and mixed‐use and other properties. As of Dec 31 2006, Co. had ownership interest in and/or management responsibility for a portfolio of over 200 regional shopping malls in 44 states. Co. also develops and sells land in and around Columbia, MD; Summerlin, NV; and Houston, TX for residential, commercial and other uses in master planned communities.

Universal Forest Products Inc.

AbstractWood Products (MIC: 11.9 SIC: 2421 NAIC: 321113)Universal Forest Products is engaged in engineering, manufacturing, treating, distributing and installing lumber, composite wood, plastic and other building products to the do‐it‐yourself (DIY)/retail, site‐built construction, manufactured housing, and industrial markets. Co.'s DIY/retail market includes national home center retailers, retail and contractor‐ oriented regional lumberyards. Co.'s principal products include preservative‐treated wood, remanufactured lumber, lattice, fence panels, deck components, specialty packaging, engineered trusses, wall panels, and other building products. As of Dec 30 2006, Co. had 90 facilities located throughout the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.

Entertainment–Retail Centres in Hong Kong and Los Angeles: Trends and Lessons

This paper examines the evolution and recent trends in the design of Entertainment Retail Centres (ERCs) in Los Angeles and Hong Kong. Most of the literature on spaces of consumption and leisure deals with economic reasons for the development of these spaces, and with the social, cultural, and political implications of the phenomenon. There are limitations to this approach that this study addresses. First, there has been a lack of attention to processes of globalization in the analysis of these spaces. Furthermore, a largely US-centred approach has left out an understanding of the significance of the ERC phenomenon in other societies. Secondly, the literature lacks a sufficient appreciation of the particularities of urban planning and design associated with ERCs. A body of work addresses the issues of the organization of space within the mall, and its architectonics. However, these studies are by definition limited to the complex, and not oriented towards the urban setting. This paper seeks to address these gaps by moving towards an understanding of the relationship of entertainment retail spaces to their urban and glocal contexts. It considers ERCs not only for the construction of economics, but also of urban, social, and cultural forces, and simultaneously as agents for the mediation of these forces in the built environment of localized places. The analysis is organized along four related themes—land use, transportation, urban design, and consumption patterns. The conclusion offers lessons that can orient both these global cities' trajectories and those of the cities that follow in their footsteps.

Specialty retail center's impact on downtown shopping, dining, and entertainment

PurposeTo examine the impact of Baltimore, Maryland USA festival market called Harbor Place on area residents' shopping, dining, and entertainment behavior over a 23‐year period.Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal study utilizing a telephone survey of a random sample of Baltimore area residents in 1982, 1992, and 2005.FindingsA significant decline in shopping for non‐food items at Harbor Place and the Inner Harbor after the initial excitement following the opening of Harbor Place in 1980. A substantial and stable percentage of area residents visited the Inner Harbor and Harbor Place in each wave of the study for dining and entertainment purposes.Practical implicationsThe festival market attracts the recreational shopper/shopper tourist but is likely to attract the convenience shopper as more residential development occurs in areas adjacent to the Inner Harbor. The area is likely to continue attracting area residents for dining and entertainment.Originality/valueThe paper compares and discusses data about Baltimore's festival market areas for the past 23 years and shows that Baltimore area residents, like those in most cities, are more likely to patronize their suburban shopping malls and power centers, rather than downtown market places.

Forest City Enterprises, Inc.

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6512 NAIC: 236220)Forest City Enterprises is mainly engaged in the ownership, development, management and acquisition of commercial and residential real estate properties in 26 states and the District of Columbia. The Commercial Group owns, develops, acquires and operates regional malls, specialty/urban retail centers, office and life science buildings, hotels and mixed‐use projects. The Residential Group owns, develops, acquires and operates residential rental properties, including upscale and middle‐market apartments, adaptive re‐use developments and supported‐living communities. The Land Development Group acquires and sells both land and developed lots to residential, commercial and industrial customers.

Washington Real Estate Investment Trust

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)Washington Real Estate Investment Trust is a self‐administered, self‐managed, equity real estate investment trust. Co.'s business consists of the ownership and development of income‐producing real properties in the greater Washington ‐ Baltimore region. Co. owns a portfolio of general purpose office buildings, medical office buildings, industrial/flex properties, multifamily buildings and retail centers. As of Dec 31 2006, Co. owned a portfolio of 82 properties, consisting of 14 retail centers, 24 general purpose office properties, 13 medical office properties, 22 industrial/flex properties and 9 multi‐family properties encompassing 11.8 million net rentable square feet.

General Growth Properties, Inc. (DE)

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)General Growth Properties is a self‐administered and self‐managed real estate investment trust. Through its Retail and Other segment, Co. owns, operates, manages, leases, acquires, develops, expands and finances rental properties. These properties, which are located primarily in the U.S., include retail centers, office and industrial buildings and mixed‐use and other properties. As of Dec 31 2006, Co. had ownership interest in and/or management responsibility for a portfolio of over 200 regional shopping malls in 44 states. Co. also develops and sells land in and around Columbia, MD; Summerlin, NV; and Houston, TX for residential, commercial and other uses in master planned communities.

The magnetism of suburban shopping centers: do size and Cineplex matter?

PurposeThis paper aims to address two questions related to the magnetism or drawing power of suburban malls: first, does physical size matter, and second, what is the externalities effect of housing a Cineplex within a shopping center?Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out through an extensive survey covering 1,283 shoppers in nine selected suburban shopping centers in Singapore. The effects of physical size and the presence of Cineplex on the magnetism on the selected suburban shopping centers are evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. Their effect on shopping duration and expenditure pattern is also empirically tested using a recursive simultaneous equations model.FindingsThe survey results affirm that both physical size and the presence of a Cineplex enhance the magnetism of suburban shopping centers. A larger shopping center can facilitate a greater variety of shops and create a more pleasant environment for the shoppers, thus enticing shoppers to visit and stay longer. Cinema patrons prefer to watch movies at Cineplex located in shopping centers. Controlling for the endogenous relationship between duration of visit and amount spent in the shopping center, the regression results show that, while physical size and Cineplex have a positive effect on the duration of visit, they do not necessarily have a direct effect on the amount spent by the patrons in the shopping center.Originality/valueOne of the main challenges for mall owners and managers located outside the traditional shopping belt is how to attract shoppers to patronize their malls. While the impact of shopping center size on retail rents and center attractiveness has been addressed in the literature, this paper adds some new insights into the field. The focus on whether the presence of a cinema complex within a shopping center affects its magnetism or not is novel.

The impact of online retail grocery shopping on retail space: a Cape Town case study

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of completed case studies of two major multi‐channel grocery retailers in South Africa. The aim of the research was to establish the potential that online grocery retail has to undermine traditional retail by decreasing foot traffic and undermining rental income.Design/methodology/approachThe growth of online shopping in the retail sector is a matter of concern for those involved in the development and management of shopping centres. Non‐probability convenience sampling was employed to interview shoppers in the five largest regional shopping centres in Cape Town tenanted by the two major grocery “e‐tailers” in South Africa.FindingsThe findings show that the online grocery market is an expanding market segment. Furthermore, diminished foot traffic is likely to affect the ability of smaller retailers to pay turnover rentals. Miller's revised rent model is adapted and used to illustrate the potential savings that may be generated by changing the rent models currently in use.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research into exactly what consumers buy online from food retailers needs to be undertaken in order to establish the maximum potential reduction in foot traffic attracted by food anchors.Practical implicationsIt is concluded that the South African retail industry is heavily reliant on traditional retail centres and although the loss in rentals resulting from online grocery sales is not currently considerable, it does represent a potential future threat.Originality/valueThe paper speculates about the effects of growth in online buying on rental agreements in shopping centres. The paper would appeal to property investors, property developers and facilities managers.

Forest City Enterprises, Inc.

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6512 NAIC: 236220)Forest City Enterprises is primarily engaged in owning, developing, managing and acquiring commercial and residential real‐estate properties through three business units. The Commercial Group owns, develops, acquires and operates regional malls, specialty/urban retail centers, office and life science buildings, hotels and mixed‐use projects. The Residential Group owns, develops, acquires and operates residential rental property, including upscale and middle‐market apartments, adaptive re‐use developments and supported‐living communities. The Land Development Group acquires and sells both land and developed lots to residential, commercial and industrial customers.