Retail Centers Research Articles

Washington Real Estate Investment Trust

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)Washington Real Estate Investment Trust is a self‐administered, self‐managed, equity real estate investment trust. Co.'s business consists of the ownership and development of income‐producing real properties in the greater Washington ‐ Baltimore region. Co. owns a portfolio of general purpose office buildings, medical office buildings, industrial/flex properties, multifamily buildings and retail centers. As of Dec 31 2006, Co. owned a portfolio of 82 properties, consisting of 14 retail centers, 24 general purpose office properties, 13 medical office properties, 22 industrial/flex properties and 9 multi‐family properties encompassing 11.8 million net rentable square feet.

General Growth Properties, Inc. (DE)

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)General Growth Properties is a self‐administered and self‐managed real estate investment trust. Through its Retail and Other segment, Co. owns, operates, manages, leases, acquires, develops, expands and finances rental properties. These properties, which are located primarily in the U.S., include retail centers, office and industrial buildings and mixed‐use and other properties. As of Dec 31 2006, Co. had ownership interest in and/or management responsibility for a portfolio of over 200 regional shopping malls in 44 states. Co. also develops and sells land in and around Columbia, MD; Summerlin, NV; and Houston, TX for residential, commercial and other uses in master planned communities.

An examination of consumer exposure to caffeine from retail coffee outlets

Objective To analyse the distribution of caffeine doses obtainable from espresso coffee sold by a sample of commercial coffee vendors located on the Gold Coast, Qld, Australia. Design A cross section of “Espresso/short black” coffee samples were purchased and analysed for their caffeine content using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC). Coffees were collected using systematic cluster sampling across five major retail centres. Results Ninety-seven espresso samples were analysed. The mean (±SD) quantity of caffeine was 106 ± 38 mg/serve with a concentration of 2473 ± 1092 mg/l. There was considerable variation in caffeine content. The range per serve was 25–214 mg whilst the concentration range was 580–7000 mg/l. Twenty-four samples (24.7%) contained 120 mg of caffeine or higher and 12 samples (12.3%) exceeded 167 mg per serve. Conclusions and implications The number of heavily caffeinated samples differentiates these findings from frequently cited caffeine values and supports similar data recently collected throughout the United Kingdom. As a result, the accuracy of any previous intake modelling regarding caffeine use in the Australian population is in doubt. The present data suggests that the probability of consumer exposure to high caffeine doses is greater than previously anticipated. Greater sample numbers from a broader selection of venues is required to confirm the extent of caffeine content variance within retail ground coffees.

Predicting Economic Impacts of a New Subway Line on a City Center Retail Sector

This study aims to forecast what amount of economic effects the new Fukuoka City Subway Line 3 would induce on city center retail sector. The new Subway Line 3 connects the southwest part of suburban residential area to the city center retail district of Fukuoka. If residents in this area change their travel mode from bus to subway, they drastically can reduce their travel time to the city center from the present 40 or 50 minutes to the coming 20 minutes. The improvement of accessibility would increase their frequency of visits to the city center. We regard this phenomenon as the increase of travel demand to city center since for the residents along Subway Line 3, the relative price of city center goods declines as the generalized travel cost falls. Since the residents increase their frequency of visits, the number of visitors at the city center increases. Thus the turnover of city center retail sector must increase. This increase of turnover was estimated, regarded as the economic effects on city center retail sector induced by the new subway line. We call the above procedure as consumer behavior approach because all the estimation processes hinge on the predictive behavioral changes of consumers after the new subway line, i.e., policy is introduced. To estimate the economic effect, most of traditional transport studies have relied on the user benefits accrued to the decrease of travel time caused by the introduction of new railway. While those previous studies are appropriate for estimating the net economic benefits it must not be so for our present purpose to estimate the economic effects on the retail sector at the restricted area such as city center. Based on the above consumer behavioral approach, first we constructed two models: modal change and visit frequency models. Parameters of these two models are estimated from data obtained from the survey about consumer travel behavior that was conducted at the city center for respondents sampled from visitors there. We delineate the border of the residential tract whose inhabitants have the possibility to use the new subway line. The resulted tract contains divisions of 278 residential addresses. Using these two estimated models we forecast modal choice, frequency of visits to the city center, and expenditure at the city center by residents for each of 278 residential divisions and then sum them up. As a result, the amount of economic effects of the new subway line on the city center retail sector of Fukuoka City turns out to be 17.7 billion yen per year.JEL Classification: D12, R41

MULTI‐ATTRIBUTE MODEL FOR ESTIMATION OF RETAIL CENTRES INFLUENCE ON THE CITY STRUCTURE. KAUNAS CITY CASE STUDY

This paper concerns multi‐attribute decision support methodology applied to analyze the impact of retail centres on the city as a complex system. Influence on the city is described as the sum of effects the retail centres give to the quality of life to the neighborhood and other city population, the work of city transportation system, architectural and urban perception of the city. The gamut of impact is estimated and numerical expression is obtained. Using it different alternative objects are compared. The task is described by many attributes. The main attributes are distinguished to measure the influence of retail centres on quality of life, the work of transportation system, on the economics and the architectural ‐ urban perception of the city. On the basis of expert judgment the weights of attributes are estimated. The normalization of the efficiency attributes is done using linear normalization method. The values of different attributes are derived from the rating done by urbanism ground experts. From ideal values the optimal alternative is made. Influence is estimated using Multiplicative Summarized Optimal Criterion method. The strategy of retail centres development is defined by comparison of existing objects to ideal value. The multi‐attribute model for estimation of retail centres influence to the city was used in “Kaunas city municipality specialised plan for dislocation of retail centres”. The research results determined effectiveness of existing objects and future development strategy.

El comercio de los inmigrantes en el centro histórico de Barcelona en 2004

In the last decade the increasing number of foreign immigrants in Catalonia has been especially apparent in the Ciutat Vella district of Barcelona, where immigrants’ shops have multiplied. The Ciutat Vella immigrant shops have several features such as small size, a long working day and the presence of employed relatives together with other employees of the same origin as that of the employer. The dominant typologies of the shops are: groceries, tele shops, money transfer (for remittances), basars (general stores), butcher’s shops, retail and wholesale textile shops, bars and restaurants. The dominant foreign entrepreneurs are Pakistanis, Indians, Chinese, Morrocans, Dominicans, Bangladeshis, Filipinos and Algerians. The work shows the geographical specialization by shop typology and geographical origin of the entrepreneurs, the concentration of the shops by zones and by streets and the spatial correlation between retail, residence and religious centres.

'Which Reduces Vehicle Travel More: Jobs-Housing Balance or Retail-Housing Mixing?

Which land-use strategy yields greater reductions in vehicular travel: improving the proximity of jobs to housing or bringing retail and consumer services closer to residential areas? We probe this question by examining the degree to which job accessibility is associated with reduced work travel and how closely retail and service accessibility is correlated with miles and hours logged getting to shopping destinations. Based on data from the San Francisco Bay Area, we find that jobs-housing balance reduces travel more, by a substantial margin. The article concludes by discussing policy measures that have been introduced in California to bring housing, workplaces, and retail centers closer together.

Washington Real Estate Investment Trust

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)Washington Real Estate Investment Trust is a self‐administered, self‐managed, equity real estate investment trust. Co.'s business consists of the ownership and development of income‐producing real properties in the greater Washington — Baltimore region. Co. owns a diversified portfolio of general purpose office buildings, medical office buildings, industrial/flex properties, multifamily buildings and retail centers. As of Dec 31 2005, Co. owned a portfolio of 68 properties consisting of 21 office buildings, 7 medical office buildings, 12 retail centers, 9 multifamily buildings and 19 industrial/complex properties totaling 10.3 million net rentable square feet.

Forest City Enterprises, Inc.

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6512 NAIC: 236220)Forest City Enterprises is primarily engaged in owning, developing, managing and acquiring commercial and residential real‐estate properties through three primary business units: Commercial Group which focuses on regional malls, specialty/urban retail centers, office and life science buildings, hotels and mixed‐use projects; Residential Group which concentrates on residential rental properties; and Land Development Group which acquires and sells both land and developed lots to residential, commercial and industrial customers. Co.'s core markets include New York City/Philadelphia metropolitan area, Denver, Boston, Greater Washington D.C./Baltimore metropolitan area, Chicago and California.

General Growth Properties Inc. (DE)

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)General Growth Properties is a self‐administered and self‐managed real estate investment trust. Through its Retail and Other segment, Co. owns, operates, manages, leases, acquires, develops, expands and finances rental properties. These properties, which are located primarily in the U.S., include retail centers, office and industrial buildings and mixed‐use and other properties. As of Dec 31 2005, Co. had ownership interest in and/or management responsibility for a portfolio of over 200 regional shopping malls in 44 states. Co. also develops and sells land in and around Columbia, MD; Summerlin, NV; and Houston, TX for residential, commercial and other uses in master planned communities.

Environmental impacts of building materials and building services components for commercial buildings in Hong Kong

The growing concerns over the environmental impacts of buildings have led to increasing demands for more environmental friendly buildings and building materials. Hitherto, there are not any comprehensive studies that show the overall environmental impact profiles of building materials and building services components for buildings. This paper intends to bridge this gap by reporting overall lifecycle environmental profiles of buildings as well as the ranking orders of environmental impacts of all the building materials and building services materials and components for commercial buildings. Twenty-five commercial buildings in Hong Kong, which include three Grade A office buildings, four Grade B office buildings, one Grade C office buildings, four retail centers and three hotels, have been selected for our study. Based upon these collected samples, no statistical differences were found in the average lifecycle environmental impacts for different building types despite some minor variations were detected. Subsequently, 10 types of building materials and 10 types of building services components have been identified for their significant lifecycle environmental impacts on commercial buildings. Among all, concrete, reinforcement bar, copper power cables, and copper busbars were ranked to be the four most significant materials or components to the total lifecycle environmental impacts. These should form the major targets for improvements in environmental performance of commercial buildings.

One Stop Health Care Shopping? The Rise of “McClinics” and Their Impact on Emergency Care

experience of the PolyHeme trial. “We have a conundrum in this country,” said Gould, Chief Executive Officer of Northfield. “It’s the balance between the need to respect patients’ rights and the need to conduct rigorous scientific studies in emergency life-threatening situations. Those are the opportunities for some of the greatest advances in care, and yet it is virtually impossible to do them with the traditional approach to informed consent.”

Retail planning and institutional property investment

Jackson C. (2006) Retail planning and institutional property investment, Regional Studies 40, 555–561. Investment in town centre retail property markets is dominated by institutions. Thus, sustaining and enhancing the vitality and viability of town centres, which is a key role of local planning authorities, is crucial to maintain the attractiveness of the area to investors. Investor movements into and out of markets can have a significant impact on the market and wider local and regional economic success. Informed by a series of in-depth interviews with key regional planning officials, the paper unravels retail planning policy to present key areas of policy that, in the current restrictive planning environment, are becoming crucial to enhancing market competitiveness. Further, the paper argues that, using the perspective of the institutional investor, access to measures of comparative policy stance and implementation across authorities would enhance knowledge of market functioning and performance, advancing the robustness of investment strategies. Jackson C. (2006) La planification du commerce de détail et l'investissement institutionnel immobilier, Regional Studies 40, 555–561. L'investissement sur les marchés de l'immobilier détaillé situé en centre-ville se voit dominer par les investisseurs institutionnels. Maintenir et augmenter la vitalité et la viabilité des centres-villes, un rôle clé des commissions d'urbanisme, s'avère essentiel afin d'assurer l'attrait du milieu pour les investisseurs. L'augmentation et la diminution des investissements pourraient avoir des effets non-négligeables sur la résussite des marchés et de la performance économique sur le plan local et au niveau régional. A partir d'une série d'interviews en profondeur auprès d'importants urbanistes, cet article cherche à dénouer la politique en faveur du commerce de détail afin d'en présenter des aspects clés qui, dans les limites restrictives actuelles de l'urbanisme, sont essentiels à l'augmentation de la compétitivité du marché. En outre, du point de vue de l'investisseur institutionnel, cet article affirme que l'accès aux mesures de la politique comparative adoptée et la mise en oeuvre à travers des administrations augmenteraient la connaissance de la fonction et de la performance du marché, prônant la fiabilité des stratégies d'investissement. Investissement régional, Planification du commerce de détail, Performance du marché de l'immobilier Jackson C. (2006) Einzelhandelplanung und institutionelle Immobilieninvestierungen, Regional Studies 40, 555–561. Bei Investierungen im Einzelhandeli mmobilienmarkt im Stadtkern dominieren Institutionen. Es ist deswegen wichtig für örtliche Planungsbehörden, deren Hauptrolle die Erhaltung und Erhöhung der Vitalität und Existenzfähigkeit des Stadtkerns ist, die Attraktivität des Gebietes für Investoren zu gewährleisten. Bewegungen in oder aus den Märkten seitens der Investoren können eine signifikante Auswirkung auf den Markt, und weiteren örtlichen wie regionalen Wirtschaftserfolg zur Folge haben. Dank einer Reihe eingehender Interviews mit massgeblichen Beamten der regionalen Planungsbeörden entwirrt dieser Aufsatz die Einzelhandelp lanungspolitik bis auf gegenwärtige Hauptgebiete dieser Bestrebungen, die im derzeitigen restriktiven Planungsklima für die Erhöhung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Marktes entscheidend werden. Darüber hinaus vertritt der Aufsatz die Auffassung, dass vom Standpunkt des institutionellen Investors gesehen, Zugang zu Maßnahmen vergleichbarer Bestrebungseinstellungen und ihrer Durchführung in allen Behörden das Sich-Auskennen in Marktfunktionen und -leistung verbessern, und damit die Robustheit der Investierungsstrategien förderlich sein würde. Regionale Investierungen, Einzelhandelplanung, Leistung des Immobilienmarktes Jackson C. (2006) Planificación minorista e inversión de inmobiliarias institucionales, Regional Studies 40, 555–561. La inversión en los mercados de inmobiliarias en el centro de las ciudades está dominada por las instituciones. Por ende, para conservar la belleza de la zona para los inversores es de vital importancia sostener y aumentar la vitalidad y viabilidad del centro de las ciudades, lo que es una tarea fundamental para las autoridades de planificación local. Los movimient os de entrada y salida de los mercados por parte de inversores pueden tener un impacto significativo en el éxito económico de los mercados, las regiones y los municipios. Con información recabada a partir de una serie de entrevistas exhaustivas con funcionarios clave de la planificación regional, en este ensayo revelamos la polít ica de planificación minorista mostrando las áreas clave de la política que en el ámbito actual de planificación restrictiva son cada vez más decisivas para mejorar la competitividad mercantil. Además, en este artículo defendemos que con el uso de una perspectiva del inversor institucional, el acceso a medidas de posiciones políticas comparativas y su aplicación por parte de las autoridades mejoraría el conocimiento del funcionamiento y rendimiento del mercado, con lo que se perfeccionaría la solidez de las estrategias de inversión. Inversión regional, Planificación minorista, Rendimiento del mercado de inmobiliarias

Assessing the impact of peripheral mega retail centres on traditional urban shopping centres

Recently, retail planning policy in the Netherlands has become much more liberal, probably stimulating the development of new (types of) out-of-town retail centres. This raises the question whether these new out-of-town retail centres will threaten existing retail centres. The purpose of this paper is to present a method to assess the likely effects of new peripheral retail centres on existing retail structures.The method is based on the stated choice approach. Different realizations of an imaginary peripheral mega shopping centre are presented to respondents. The respondents have to estimate the number of times each existing shopping centre and the new imaginary peripheral centre would have been visited if the imaginary centre had existed. The following variables were used to define the imaginary peripheral retail centre: supply of six branches, distance from home to the peripheral centre, price-product quality ratio, design and ambiance, and entertainment. The results show that depending on its characteristics, a peripheral mega centre can have severe impact on existing shopping centres.

Communicating corporate social responsibility: an exploratory case study of a major UK retail centre

Abstract Corporate 'social responsibility [CSR] is neither a fad nor an optional extra. The interest in it is reflective of a deeper change in the relationship between companies and their stakeholders. Healthy business requires a healthy community, and should be contributing to its creation and maintenance. The public increasingly wants to know about companies that stand behind the brands and products presented to them. And use their power to reward ‘good’ companies and punish the ‘bad’ ones. (Lewis, S. 2001). CSR is becoming ever more important in the modern business environment, as is evident by the fact that most leading public companies include a specific statement on their CSR policy within their annual reports. Indeed, changing societal expectations, increasingly intrusive media reporting, and ever more sophisticated and powerful pressure groups have caused all organizations to consider more carefully their wider social responsibilities not only out of altruistic reasons, but because of the need to consider the potential impact of their policies on their wider stakeholder relationships. It is argued in academic and professional writing that CSR orientated organizations benefit from a series of tangible and intangible benefits, when stakeholders are informed of their orientation. Corporations have reacted to these calls and this belief in a business case and are implementing CSR programmes or corporate change to bring about new corporate mindsets, and are in‐turn communicating the results of these programmes. However, in order to be able to effectively communicate it is necessary that organizations clearly understand the concept of CSR, both from a managerial perspective and homogeneous and individual stakeholder perspective. Aiming to help address this lack of understanding, the proposed paper provides a case examination of stakeholder and management perspectives of CSR in the North West of England in a retail setting. The study was conducted in 2003 around a Major UK retail centre using a mix method approach that drew out management cognate viewpoints on CSR and quantitatively tested these findings against stakeholder viewpoints on CSR. The study is served as a pilot for future studies into the area. It found that within the context of the case that the managers and stakeholders (when taken as one homogeneous group) shared a similar view of the concept of CSR. Additionally, the weaknesses of the research pilot brought to the surface methodological improvements that could impact on future researches into the area. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Forest City Enterprises, Inc.

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6512 NAIC: 236220)Forest City Enterprises is engaged in the ownership, development, management and acquisition of commercial and residential real estate properties in 19 states and the District of Columbia. Co. operates through three strategic business units. The Commercial Group owns, develops, acquires and operates regional malls, specialty/urban retail centers, office buildings, hotels and mixed‐use projects. The Residential Group owns, develops, acquires and operates residential rental properties. The Land Development Group acquires and sells land and developed lots to residential, commercial and industrial customers. It also owns and develops land into master‐planned communities and mixed‐use projects.

Washington Real Estate Investment Trust

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)Washington Real Estate Investment Trust is a self‐administered qualified equity real estate investment trust. Co.'s business consists of the ownership and operation of income‐producing real estate properties principally in the Greater Washington, D.C.‐Baltimore, MD area. Upon the purchase of a property, Co. begins a program of improving the real estate to increase the value and to improve the operations, with the goals of generating higher rental income and reducing expenses. As of Dec 31 2004, Co. owned a diversified portfolio of 69 properties consisting of 30 office buildings, eleven retail centers, nine multifamily buildings and 19 industrial/flex properties.

Regency Centers Corp.

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)Regency Centers is a self‐administered, self‐managed real estate investment trust. Co. is a national owner, operator, and developer focused on grocery‐anchored, neighborhood retail centers. As of Dec 31 2004, Co. owned 291 retail properties in 23 states, including those held in joint ventures, totaling 33.8 million square feet. Geographically, 19.3% of Co.'s gross leasable area is located in California, 17.7% in Florida, 11.7% in Texas, 10.0% in Georgia, 5.5% in Ohio, and 35.8% spread throughout 18 other states. Co. owns and operates its shopping centers through its operating partnership, Regency Centers, L.P. in which it owns 98.0% of the operating partnership units, as of Dec 31 2004.

General Growth Properties, Inc. (DE)

AbstractProperty, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6798 NAIC: 525930)General Growth Properties is a self‐administered and self‐managed real estate investment trust primarily engaged in the ownership, operation, management, leasing, acquisition, development expansion and financing of operating properties in the U.S. The Retail and Other segment consists of retail centers, office and industrial buildings and mixed‐use and other properties. The Community Development segment includes land development and sales for residential, commercial and other uses primarily in master‐planned communities in and around Columbia, MD; Summerlin, NV and Houston, TX.

Forest City Enterprises, Inc.

Mergent's Dividend AchieversVolume 3, Issue 3 p. 113-113 U.S. Company Reports Forest City Enterprises, Inc.† First published: 30 June 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/div.4339 † Contact: : Albert B. Ratner — Co-Chmn. Address: : Terminal Tower, 50 Public Square, Suite 1100, Cleveland, OH 44113 Web Site: : www.fceinc.com AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Property, Real Estate & Development (MIC: 8.3 SIC: 6512 NAIC: 236220) Forest City Enterprises is engaged in the ownership, development, management and acquisition of commercial and residential real estate properties in 19 states and the District of Columbia. Co. operates through three strategic business units. The Commercial Group owns, develops, acquires and operates regional malls, specialty/urban retail centers, office buildings, hotels and mixed-use projects. The Residential Group owns, develops, acquires and operates residential rental properties. The Land Development Group acquires and sells land and developed lots to residential, commercial and industrial customers. It also owns and develops land into master-planned communities and mixed-use projects. Volume3, Issue3Summer 2006Pages 113-113 RelatedInformation