Islamic Revival Research Articles

Stanovlenie i razvitie musul'manskoj konfessii v Krymu na rubezhe 1980-h – 1990-h gg.

The article considers the process of the revival of Islam in the Crimea in the late 1980s - early 1990s with the gradual return and further mass repatriation to the historical homeland of the Crimean Tatars. At the initial stage (1985-1987), local authorities, guided by the current anti-religious and anti-Islamicguidelines of the center, tried to prevent a religious upsurge in the Crimean Tatar environment, using measures of administrative and ideological influence and control. At the second stage (1988 - early 1990s) of the implementation of the policy of restructuring and democratization of public life, the Crimean authorities were forced to show loyalty to Muslims, the process of restoring traditional Islamic institutions and integrating Islam into the regional confessional space began.

IDEOLOGICAL BIASES IN TRANSLATING THE QUR’AN: AN ANALYSIS STUDY OF AL-QUR’AN TARJAMAH TAFSIRIYAH BY MUHAMMAD THALIB

This paper examines the translation of the Qur’an in Indonesia, which is a sign of the interaction of Muslims in Indonesia with the Holy Scriptures, which is not limited to reading and studying it in the original Arabic pronunciation. Like the interpretation of the Qur’an, which is full of dynamics, the translation also touches on the realm of polemics that attract the attention of adherents from different circles. The polemic in question can be found among the long historical translation buildings. In this study, the author chooses Al-Qur’an Tarjamah Tafsiriyah by Muhammad Thalib, in which the ideological bias of his organizational group is indicated. Is there an ideological bias produced by Muhammad Thalib in his translation work? This study attempts to answer the above questions using a qualitative method based on library research, with a social identity approach and critical discourse analysis as its formal object. In addition, this study will use the hermeneutical analysis offered by Sahiron Syamsudin. In addition, the method used in this qualitative research is content analysis to analyze the results of Muhammad Thalib's translation, leading to a narrative justification of his ideology. Finally, this research resulted in a conclusion that the results of Muhammad Thalib’s translation of the Qur’an in the form of Al-Qur’an Tarjamah Tafsiriyah in it are indeed many translations that have an interest in defending his organizational group, MMI (Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia), which adheres to the ideological ideology of Islamism which departs from the view of integral Islam and is an incarnation of the reproduction of Islamic Revivalism and Neo-revivalism which tends to be traditional and conservative as found in the Wahhabiyah, Ikhanul Muslimin, and Jemaah Islamiyyah movements in the Thaliban

How Salafism Forms Millennials’ Religious Understanding: A Case Study from an Indonesian University

This research explores the development and influence of the Islamic revivalism movement at Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi. Employing an in-depth case study, this study focuses on three student groups: Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Muslim Indonesia (KAMMI), Gema Pembebasan (GEMAPEM), and the Salafi group within the Campus Da'wah Institute. The research found that these groups act as learning communities and active agents in shaping students' religious understanding and practices. The research also shows that these groups' persuasive and systematic methods are important in spreading their teachings and influence. While this research opens up a new understanding of this phenomenon, several limitations were identified, including the scope of the study being limited to one university and the lack of research on other factors that may be influential. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the Islamic student movement and its influence on university students in Indonesia.

Minarets on the horizon: Muslim pioneers in Canada By MurrayHogben, Toronto: Mawenzi House. 2021. 316 pages. $34.95 (paperback). ISBN: 9781774150320

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennesEarly View BOOK REVIEW / COMPTE RENDU DE LIVRE Minarets on the horizon: Muslim pioneers in Canada By Murray Hogben (Ed.), Toronto: Mawenzi House. 2021. pp. 316. $34.95 paperback (ISBN 978-1774150320) Pasha M. Khan, Pasha M. Khan orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-1947 Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author Pasha M. Khan, Pasha M. Khan orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-1947 Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12865Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES Baker, P. (1976). Memoirs of an Arctic Arab: A free trader in the Canadian north—the years 1907– 1927. Yellowknife Publishing Company. Cook, K. P. (2016). Forbidden passages: Muslims and Moriscos in colonial Spanish America. University of Pennsylvania Press. T. Cromwell (Ed.) (2015). Mosque One: Home of Toronto's first Muslims [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vm6OaXwGM8k Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1921. Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Library and Archives Canada. https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/census/1921 Metcalf, B. D. (1982). Islamic revival in British India: Deoband, 1860– 1900. Princeton University Press. Sanyal, U. (1996). Devotional Islam and politics in British India: Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi and his movement, 1870– 1920. Oxford University Press. Sirriyeh, E. (1999). Sufis and anti-Sufis: The defense, rethinking and rejection of Sufism in the modern world. Curzon. Toronto Star. (1971, 21 January). Locked-out Moslems pray in the snow. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue ReferencesRelatedInformation

The Muslim Brotherhood and women’s issues under Sadat: dogmas and discussions

This paper examines why the MB was cautious in its revision of views on women under Anwar Sadat when it was, at the same time, changing the way it dealt with politics and the issue of revolutionary violence, by looking at the movement’s view on women as expressed in its own writings. I argue that the MB’s view on women was in line with the Islamic revival Egypt experienced. Given the nature of Egyptian society under Sadat, in which women still mainly played central roles in the domestic setting, reconsidering their traditional position was not viewed by the movement and many of the Egyptians it reached out to as something that needed change, contrary to the country’s administrative situation. Additionally, women’s issues were used by the MB as a tool to showcase its piety. This was instrumental in its search for political and religious authority, which the movement needed in order to expand its membership, lead the fragmented Islamic movement, deal with its own divided rank-and-file, and challenge the Sadat administration.

Islamism without commotion: the religious transformation of Tuak Kampong in West Lombok

The Islamic revival movement is often considered a threat to other religious groups. Many studies on the issues have presented the dark sides of religion, wherein Islamic movements often turned into political ones leading to religion-based fundamentalism, violence, and terrorism. The current research explicates the process and characteristics of Islamism in a democratic climate by investigating a case of religious transformation in a traditional kampong formerly known for producing tuak in West Lombok. The Islamic movement, or to be precise, purification, is recently quite prevalent in the area. It relates to the early history of Islamization in Lombok, which pitted Islam against Hinduism and other local traditions. Such confluences generated rules and regional Islamic variants that are often considered heretic. Qualitative data for this study was gathered through observations, desk study, and interviews. This research found that the Islamization process observed in the tuak kampong displays unique characteristics different from those that commonly portray Islamic movements. Islamization in West Lombok was carried out without any commotion due to its non-coercive, outward-looking, and rational factors. These attributes are apparent in the three processes of transformation, the first is non-coercive cultural transformation through education and awareness, the second refers to structural change achieved through legal arrangement, and the third is rational transformation through community empowerment programs.

Media and Muslim Societies during the Time of Islamic Revivalism (1800s-1950s)

Media and Muslim Societies during the Time of Islamic Revivalism (1800s-1950s)

Politicisation of Islam and a Culture of Atrocities against Religious Minorities in Modern-Day Pakistan

Abstract Since independence, the politicisation of Islam in Pakistan has fostered a culture of atrocities against religious minorities. This explains why Pakistan tops the list of countries at the risk of mass killings. The Islamic revivalist movement that emerged under the military dictatorship of General Zia-ul-Haq during the 1970s-80s is often equated with Pakistan’s descent into religious intolerance. The controversial blasphemy laws modified under his regime continue to abet atrocity crimes across Pakistan. This article reflects on the constitutional and legal frameworks to understand the prevalence of hate speech and incitement in the country. Through case studies of recent episodes of violence, it sheds light on the state’s complex governance structures, its struggle to counter episodes that incite violence, and the barriers to implementing rule of law. Furthermore, the article highlights the need for key reforms on both national and international level to push for the implementation of atrocity prevention frameworks.

Cadar dan Tradisi Diskursif "Taat" bagi Perempuan Muslim Indonesia

Eva F. Nisa. 2023. Face-Veiled Women in Contemporary Indonesia. London and New York: RoutledgeMost studies of face-veiled Muslim women are placed in the stereotype discourse; a part of subordination or terrorist group affiliation. Many scholars also argue that those women’s bodies are exploited under the patriarchal structure and its religious interpretation with the dominant male’s perspective. Eva F. Nisa in this book has proposed a different perspective, employing ethnographic research and taking a case study of two women communities of Islamic revivalist backgrounds (Jamaah Tabligh and Salafi Movement) in Indonesia. Throughout developing from Saba Mahmood’s theory of the politic of piety mostly, Nisa found that the Islamic lifestyle is the firm argument among the cadari, in which they practice the term of taat, which is part of a discursive tradition in Islam, to strengthen their path in the true path of Islam.

Aaron Rock-Singer, Practicing Islam in Egypt: Print Media and Islamic Revival

Aaron Rock-Singer, Practicing Islam in Egypt: Print Media and Islamic Revival

TAFSIR DAN PEMBAHARUAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA ERA KEMERDEKAAN

The conflict dynamics of revivalist and traditionalist Islamic groups always colorize development of ideological contest of religious live in Indonesia. One of the important episodes of this conflict dynamic occurred in the era of independence. Through this paper, the author is interested in portraying episodes of Islamic Revivalist dynamics in the independence era through the thoughts and works of influential revivalist scholars, namely Ahmad Hassan. This study aims to reveal the form of mediation of Ahmad Hassan's Islamic renewal in his book of tafsir Al-Furqan. The author uses a descriptive method of analysis with literature study techniques in reviewing the interpretation of Al-Furqan as the main object of research. The results showed that in mediating Ahmad Hassan's Islamic renewal, Kitab tafsir Al-Furqan accommodates and mediates Islamic renewal in two ways, namely formative and substantive ways. Formative way of mediation is indicated through the form of tafsir Al-Furqan as a literal and meaningful translation of tafsir. Critically, this form of translation aimed to make Al-Furqan accessible for Indonesian people at that time when they haven’t had proper understanding on Arabic literacy so that people could understand and refer to the meaning of the Qur'an directly. This is in line with Ahmad Hassan's renewal though about the Qur'an and hadith as the main sources of muslims. As for the substantive ways of mediation, tafsir Al-Furqan contains and expresses the thoughts of Ahmad Hassan's renewal as a substance in interpreting the verses of the Qur'an.

The Phenomenon of Religious Conversion in Astana: A Sociological Analysis

Kazakh society underwent a process of russification and baptism during the Russian Empire, a policy of secularization under the Soviet government, and religious and social changes after independence, such as a religious revival. With the revival of Islam in society, missionary activity by Christian denominations also began to gain strength. These religious and social changes in society naturally allowed people to convert. That is, there were more and more people in Kazakh society who changed their religion. In this article, a sociological study is conducted on people who adopted religion, and they are analyzed from the perspective of the sociology of religion. Twenty-five respondents with Kazakh citizenship participated in the study. Methods of sociological research such as observation, interviewing and analysis were used.

“God’s Righteous Allies” or “Apostate Unbelievers”: The Taliban in the Eyes of the Jihādīs

ABSTRACT In mid-2000, the publication of the anti-Taliban book Kashf Shubuhāt al-Muqātilīn caused a stir in jihādī circles. Written by Arab jihādīs based in Peshawar, Pakistan, the book made the case that it was not permissible for Muslims to fight alongside the Afghan Taliban on the grounds that the group was not sufficiently Islamic, having committed a host of polytheist acts. While some of the jihādī movement’s leading scholarly authorities quickly refuted the book, its anti-Taliban arguments nonetheless gained popularity over time. Today, the jihādī movement is divided between those who see the Taliban as a legitimate Islamic movement worthy of praise and support (the view espoused by al-Qaida and its supporters) and those who perceive it as an apostate movement standing in the way of true Islamic revival (the view adopted by the Islamic State and its supporters). The controversy over Kashf Shubuhāt al-Muqātilīn in 2000 prefigures the current divide and provides something of the context in which it should be understood.

Islam and the Issue of Human Rights: Compatibility or Contradiction

Since the Islamic resurgence in early 1970s, there has been a great deal of interest in the ontology of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its consistency with Islam. Ever since its foundation, the notion of human rights have long been the source of continuous contention between modern Muslim and Western intelligentsia. This paper begins with a brief introduction of Islam and the concept of human rights. The primary focus of the paper is to present a better understanding of Islamic law concerning with human rights and to examine the difference between the secular human rights and Islamic human rights. The paper will argue that the human rights in Muslim world have always been explicitly grounded in religious terms. Moreover, the paper also aims to highlight and understand the rationale why Muslim countries in particular are reluctant to accept or ratify the international covenant on human rights. Notwithstanding that, the purpose of this paper is threefold; (1) to present the human rights concept in Islam; (2) to highlight major differences between the principles of Islamic law and modern human rights notion; (3) to present the rationale behind the major disparities between Islam and the established standard of human rights.

Islamist Civilizationism in Malaysia

Malaysia is known to have a diverse population across the racial and religious spectrums. However, a majority of the population identifies as Malays, and, thus, legally, as Muslims too. Although the development of the Malay identity had begun immediately after World War II, the stark division between Muslims and non-Muslims came out of the 1971 New Economic Policy that prioritized the Malay population in the name of reducing poverty and stabilizing the country. With the Malay-nationalist party United Malay National Organization (UMNO) being in power for six decades, the position of the Malays became undisputed. At the same time, international and domestic development such as the Islamic revival of the 1970s, the Global War on Terror and the splitting of Malay votes in the 2000s further pushed UMNO and, later, the Islamist PAS to redefine Malay identity as part of the larger Muslim ummah under the framework of ‘civilizational populism’. By conflating ethnicity and religion, Islamist and Malay nationalist parties together with their leaders used populist discourses to ensure the people’s continued support, even at the expense of non-Muslim Malaysian citizens. Using process tracing, this article shows that civilizationism is effective to unite the majority Muslim population in a divided country such as Malaysia when policies in place failed to engender unity. As a result, Malay-Muslims sought a community beyond its borders, and with the rise of Islamist politics around the world, it has become much easier for the Malay-Muslims to highlight the plight of Muslims over that of their own co-nationalists for the benefit of domestic politics.

Political Sociality in the Narrowing of Time: Hibat al-Din al-Shahrastani and the Late Ottoman Najafi Revival

AbstractThis article explores the pre–World War I writings of the Najafi cleric Hibat al-Din al-Shahrastani (1884–1967), situating them within the broader Islamic revival movement, the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, the Arabic Nahda, and the Ottoman Shiʿi shrine cities in the years preceding the British invasion of Basra in 1914. It makes four arguments. First, al-Shahrastani's calls for constitutionalism, Islamic unity, revival, and the cultivation of the self were all attempts to respond to what he saw as the immediate and existential threat to his world posed by European imperial expansion. Second, he attempted in a variety of ways to mobilize what he called the Islamic social practices against this threat. Borrowing from his own theorization of these practices, I employ the concept of political sociality to gather his attempts to foster various social assemblages—of both newer and older provenance—that would cultivate Muslim subjects with the capacity to resist European aggression. Third, his conceptions of sociality and of political temporality, although often resonant with those of the more widely studied Sunni and Christian reformers of the Nahda, had specificities that I relate to his understandings of subject formation, the sense of impending calamity in his writings, and the borderlands context of the shrine cities. These conceptions were not necessarily affiliated with the nationalist and disciplinary project of the modern territorial state and were animated by a temporality of urgency rather than deferral. Finally, I consider how al-Shahrastani's theorizations of sociality and ultimately of revolution (al-thawra) reveal moments in the historical constitution of a reformist and soon-to-be insurgent Shiʿi public in these cities.

A ‘fateful compromise’? Transnational religious organizations and regional governance in Africa

ABSTRACT This article uses the activities of the Catholic and mainline Protestant churches in West Africa to explore how transnational theologically inspired actors are co-constructing a ‘new regionalism’ in Africa. It contends that through a strategy of ‘fateful compromise’ with states, rather than co-optation, mainline churches have evolved well-developed institutional platforms and coordination mechanisms capable of ‘re-scaling’ the governance of transboundary ‘peace–democracy–development nexus’ issues to the regional level. The empirical evidence is derived from the activities of the Regional Catholic Episcopal Conference of West Africa (RECOWA) and the Fellowship of Christian Councils and Churches in West Africa (FECCCIWA). Pivoting to regional spaces is a strategic response to inter-religious hegemonic competition, especially with Pentecostalism and revivalist Islam; shrinking domestic space for civil society organizations (CSOs); and de-secularization that diminished the historic churches’ erstwhile political influence in national policy. Furthermore, limited access to regional policy process granted to selected CSOs, particularly in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), turned regional spaces into complementary or alternative sites of citizenship. The West African experience enriches the ‘new regionalism’ scholarship by introducing the concept of ‘fateful compromise’, which suggests multiple trajectories in church–state relations rather than presumption of ‘elite co-optation’ as the only option for inclusive or collaborative governance in regressive democracies in Africa.

Peradaban Islam: Masa Kebangkitan Kembali

The purpose of this study is to find out that the Islamic Awakening in all fields is the result of renewal of thought in Islam. Modern Islamic revival takes the form of the popularity of various aspects of Islamic culture. One example is the development of Islamic clothing and many women who wear closed clothes but do not cover their curves. Islamic revival also does not. This shift in the concept of society is one of the important foundations of Islamic political history in the following centuries. Previously, in the tribal system, the bonding aspect of the community unit was blood and descent; In the concept of Ummah, the main binding aspect is religious belief (Islam). To regain the glory of Islam, Muslims must face internal and external struggles against the Western world. The revival of Islamic civilization with new enthusiasm shows that there is an Islamic transformation that never stops from time to time. This process was marked by the growth of Islamic institutions which were not only carried out by the government and Islamic organizations, but also by new Muslim groups that had existed before. On the socio-political stage itself, Islam has found momentum to emerge with its "new style" in various aspects of life, including education, politics, economy, and socio-culture. The method in this study used the method (library research) by collecting a number of literature relating to the problem and research objectives. Data collection with the results of previous research which supports data on research on Islamic civilization during the revival period.

Religion and State in Central Asia: A Comparative Regional Approach

This article analyzes Islamization process occurred in the five central Asian countries after their separation from Soviet Union in 1991, and ambivalent way in which authoritarian states reacted to this phenomenon to use it for political purposes and, at the same time, controlling its alleged subversive potencial. In this sense, article intends to demostrated that, with its particular nuances in each case, religion-State relationship after 1991 has been determinated by a triple contradiction between, first, the growing Islamic resurgence at societal level and states interest for using part of that religios simbolic capital to legitimize political regimes and prop up new national identities; second, between states' need to differentiate themselves from their former Soviet identity and their continuity attitude regarding power excersice and religion perception; and third, between states authoritarian nature, interested in excercising strict control over religius sphere, and the emergence of religius activism opposed to intervencionist and repressive governments policies, including the most radical forms of violent radicalism.

A Psycho-Sociological Study of Converted Kazakhs in Kazakhstan

The fact that the subject of conversion is a very comprehensive and complex psycho-social event leads to different results in each study. According to Western studies, the topic of conversion has become a topical issue with the emergence of new religious movements and as a result of intensive missionary activities. In this study of Kazakh converts, the problem of conversion is addressed with a sociological approach. With the revival of Islam after Kazakhstan's independence, Christian missionary activity has also increased. Today, Kazakhs who have converted to the religion are more present in society as a result of missionary activity. This study, from a sociological point of view, deals with the Kazakhs who changed their religion as a result of missionary studies that emerged after independence. Conversion is not a sudden event. Therefore, when studying the conversion event, the lives of the people concerned should be considered as a whole and the effective psychosocial factors should be reviewed. In our study, 25 subjects were interviewed and personal information about them was recorded. The subjects' childhood and adolescence before conversion and their relationships with religion were studied. The process of changing religion and the reasons why they changed their religion are discussed.
 
 Received: 11 November 2022 / Accepted: 29 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023