Resupinate Basidiomata Research Articles

Steccherinum tenuissimum and S. xanthum spp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota): New species from China.

Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Steccherinum tenuissimum and S. xanthum spp. nov. are described based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Steccherinum tenuissimum is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with an odontioid hymenial surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, strongly encrusted cystidia and basidiospores measuring 3–5 × 2–3.5 μm. Steccherinum xanthum is characterized by odontioid basidiomata and a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections and covering by crystals, colourless, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB–and has basidiospores measuring 2.7–5.5 × 1.8–4.0 μm. Sequences of the ITS and nLSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS + nLSU sequences showed that two new Steccherinum species felled into the residual polyporoid clade. Further investigation was obtained for more representative taxa in Steccherinum based on ITS + nLSU sequences, which demonstrated that S. tenuissimum and S. xanthum were sister to S. robustius with high support (100% BP, 100% BS and 1.00 BPP).

Hyphodermella aurantiaca sp. nova (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) as Evidenced by Morphological Characters and Phylogenetic Analyses

Hyphodermella aurantiaca C.L. Zhao sp. nova (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) is described based on morphological and molecular evidence. The species has an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with saffron to orange hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, IKI–, CB–, and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB– basidiospores. In phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS + nLSU and nLSU sequences H. aurantiaca formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and grouped with H. corrugata, H. poroides and H. rosae.

A new species and a new combination in Waitea (Corticiales, Basidiomycota) and the phylogenetic affinity of Disporotrichum

The new corticioid species Waitea guianensis was described and illustrated from French Guiana, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. It was characterized by thin, resupinate basidiomata on wood, isodiametric subhymenial hyphae, lack of clamps, tetrasporic clavate basidia with median constriction, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Ex-holotype DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal regions ITS, nLSU, and nSSU were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed a close relationship of the new species to Waitea circinata. In addition, the new combination Waitea arvalis is proposed, based on Laetisaria arvalis. The monotypic genus Disporotrichum is revealed to belong in the Corticiales, Corticiaceae. A key to the accepted species in Waitea is provided.

<p><strong><em>Peniophorella cremea sp. nov.</em></strong><strong> from China</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Peniophorella cremea sp. nov. is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Peniophorella cremea is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with odontioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores measuring as 7–9.5 × 2.7–3.3 µm. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences showed that P. cremea forms a monophyletic lineage with high statistical supports (100% BS, 100% BP and 1.00 BPP).

Three new species of Junghuhnia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China.

In this study, taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses of Junghuhnia were performed. Three new species were characterised according to morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS and nLSU sequences. They are J. austrosinensissp. nov., J. nandinaesp. nov. and J. subcollabenssp. nov.Junghuhnia austrosinensis is characterised by resupinate, thin basidiomata with white to buff-yellow hymenophore, small pores (9–11 per mm), clamped generative hyphae possessing hymenial cystidia, ellipsoid basidiospores (2.5–3 × 1.7–2 µm) and growth on fallen bamboo or angiosperm branch. Junghuhnia nandinae is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with pink to salmon pores and a distinct white margin, clamp generative hyphae, interwoven tramal hyphae, ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 2.6–3.2 × 1.8–2 µm and growth on Nandina domestica. Junghuhnia subcollabens is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with pale salmon to brownish vinaceous hymenophore, small pores (10–12 per mm), generative hyphae with simple septa and clamp connections, interwoven tramal hyphae, lunate basidiospores measuring 2.9–3.4 × 1.6–1.8 µm and thriving on rotten wood of angiosperms.

WITHDRAWN: Hyphoderma fissuratum and H. mopanshanense spp. nov. (Polyporales) from southern China

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<p><strong>A new species of<em> Efibula </em>(Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China</strong></p>

Efibula yunnanensis is proposed as a distinct new species based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with smooth, cream to pale brown hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with thin-walled, simple septate generative hyphae and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI-, CB-basidiospores. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequence data analyses revealed that E. yunnanensis was sister to a clade comprised E. clarkii and E. gracilis, and then grouped with E. americana and E. tuberculata.

<p><strong><em>Scytinostroma yunnanense sp. nov. </em></strong><strong>(Russulales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses in China</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Scytinostroma yunnanense, is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidences. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with cream hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, fusiform to cylindrical cystidia and basidiospores (4.5–5.5 × 4.2–5.2 µm) are acyanophilous, subglobose to globose, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, amyloid. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS sequences showed that the new species formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and then was sister to S. duriusculum.

Morphological and molecular identification of four new resupinate species of Lyomyces (Hymenochaetales) from southern China.

Four new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Lyomyces bambusinus, L. cremeus, L. macrosporus and L. wuliangshanensis, are proposed based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. Lyomyces bambusinus is characterized by resupinate basidiomata with colliculose to tuberculate hymenial surface and broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, smooth basidiospores. Lyomyces cremeus is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with smooth, cream hymenial surface and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled basidiospores. Lyomyces macrosporus is characterized by pruinose basidiomata with reticulate hymenial surface, presence of three kinds of cystidia and larger basidiospores (6.7–8.9 × 4.4–5.4 µm). Lyomyces wuliangshanensis is characterized by coriaceous basidiomata and ellipsoid, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, smooth basidiospores. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences revealed that the four new species belonged to Lyomyces. Lyomyces bambusinus grouped with L. sambuci. Lyomyces cremeus clade was sister to a clade comprised of L. microfasciculatus. Lyomyces macrosporus was sister to L. allantosporus. Lyomyces wuliangshanensis was closely related to L. mascarensis.

<p><strong><em>Heteroradulum yunnanensis</em> <em>sp. nov. </em>(Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses in China</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Heteroradulum yunnanensis, is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with odontoid hymenial surface (50–100 µm long), more or less pronounced yellow stains in older basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with thin-walled, clamped generative hyphae and two to three-celled basidia and cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB– basidiospores measuring as 17–24 ×5–8 µm. Sequences of ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that Heteroradulum yunnanensis formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and then grouped with H. adnatum.

Morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new species of Peniophorella from southern China

Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Peniophorella fissurata and P. yunnanensis, are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Peniophorella fissurata is characterized by resupinate basidiomata with smooth to tuberculate hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, fusiform cystidia, and allantoid, colorless, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores measuring 9–11 × 3–3.9 μm. Peniophorella yunnanensis is characterized by an annual basidiomata with grandinioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, presence of three types cystidia, and ellipsoid, colorless, smooth, thin-walled basidiospores (8–9 × 4.7–5.5 μm). Sequences of ITS gene region of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. These phylogenetic analyses showed that P. fissurata was sister to P. pubera. Peniophorella yunnanensis formed a monomitic lineage and then grouped with P. odontiiformis and P. rude.

<p><strong><em>Gloeodontia yunnanensis</em> <em>sp. nov. </em>(Russulales, Basidiomycota) from China, evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Gloeodontia yunnanensis, is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and DNA data. The species is characterized by an annual, resupinate basidiomata with smooth hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with thin-walled, clamped generative hyphae and obclavate cystidia and subglobose to globose, hyaline, thick-walled, asperulate, strongly amyloid, acyanophilous basidiospores measuring 3.3–4.3 × 2.5–3.5 µm. Sequences of ITS and 28S gene regions of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods. The analyses based on ITS+28S sequences showed that G. yunnanensis nested in the Gloeodontia clade and formed a monophyletic lineage with strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP).

<p><strong><em>Trechispora yunnanensis</em></strong><strong> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Hydnodontaceae, Basidiomycota) from China</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Trechispora yunnanensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The species is characterized by resupinate basidiomata, rigid and fragile up on drying, cream to pale greyish hymenial surface; a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, IKI-, CB-; ellipsoid, hyaline, thick-walled, ornamented, IKI-, CB- basidiospores measuring as 7–8.5 × 5–5.5 µm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and bayesian inference methods (BPP). The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that T. yunnanensis formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BPP) and was closely related to T. byssinella and T. laevis. Both morphological characteristics and results of molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed the placement of the new species in Trechispora.

Three new species of Fomitiporella (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) based on the evidence from morphology and DNA sequence data.

Fomitiporella austroasiana, F. mangrovei and F. vietnamensis are described and illustrated as new species based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. They have annual to perennial, mostly resupinate basidiomata with grayish fresh pores, an indistinct subiculum, lack any kind of setae, have brownish, thick-walled basidiospores, and cause a white rot. The distinctive morphological characters of the new species and their related species are discussed. Phylogenies based on the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (28S) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region show that these three new species form three distinct lineages in the Fomitiporella clade. A key to known species of Fomitiporella is given.

Morphological characters and molecular data reveal a new species of Rhodonia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China

A new polypore, Rhodonia tianshanensis, collected from West Tianshan Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Autonomous Region (northwest China), is described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. It is characterized by having resupinate basidiomata with an oblique tube layer, fusoid cystidioles in the hymenium, and cylindrical basidiospores. Based on multiple loci DNA sequences including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the large subunit (nLSU), and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) regions, our phylogeny strongly supported R. tianshanensis as a new species belonging to the genus Rhodonia.

Multi-locus phylogeny and morphology reveal five new species of Fomitiporia (Hymenochaetaceae) from China

Five newly identified species of Fomitiporia (F. alpina, F. gaoligongensis, F. hainaniana, F. subrobusta and F. subtropica) and their morphological and molecular characterisation are described in this paper. Fomitiporia alpina sp. nov. is distinguished by its pileate basidiomata, parallel tramal hyphae and large basidiospores (6.5–8 × 6–8 μm), and by its gymnosperm wood-living habitat. Fomitiporia gaoligongensis sp. nov. is distinct from other species due to its semicircular pileus and subglobose to globose basidiospores (6.5–7.6 × 6–7.4 μm). Fomitiporia hainaniana sp. nov. is marked by its resupinate basidiomata, the presence of setae and small globose basidiospores (4–5 × 3.8–4.4 μm). Fomitiporia subrobusta sp. nov. is characterised by its triquetrous basidiomata, small pores (6–9 per mm) with entire and thick dissepiments, and subglobose to obovoid basidiospores (6.2–6.8 × 5.2–6 μm). Fomitiporia subtropica sp. nov. can be differentiated by its resupinate basidiomata, smaller pores (6–10 per mm) and smaller basidiospores (5.2–6 × 4.4–5 μm). Phylogenetic analysis, based on multi-gene comparison of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene regions (nLSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1α) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), confirmed affinity with the Fomitiporia species and showed association with similar fungi in the genus.

Geliporus exilisporus gen. et comb. nov., a xanthochroic polypore in Phanerochaetaceae from China

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal genus, Geliporus, is proposed based on morphological characters and molecular data. It is typified by G. exilisporus comb. nov. (Basionym: Inonotus exilisporus), and characterized by resupinate basidiomata darkening in potassium hydroxide, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septate and hyaline to yellowish generative hyphae, and hyaline, thin-walled, and cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores. Results of phylogenetic analyses inferred from the 5.8S and nLSU rDNA sequences indicate that G. exilisporus belongs to the Phanerochaetaceae in Polyporales and is closely related to the genus of Hyphodermella.

The genus Dentipratulum (Russulales, Auriscalpiaceae): comparative morphology and SEM imaging spore ornamentation split one into three species

The family Auriscalpiaceae (Russulales) includes species forming pileate, stipitate-pileate, effused-reflexed, and resupinate basidiomata. The resupinate basidiomata are characteristic only for the genus Dentipratulum, described to accommodate Dentipratulum bialoviesense, found in the Białowieża Primeval Forest in Poland and later reported from several locations in Eurasia. The materials assigned to this genus were revised and three distinct morphospecies were detected, including Dentipratulum bialoviesense s. str. and two new species, Dentipratulum khuranae from India and Dentipratulum crystallinum from the Kuril Islands and France. The concept of the genus Dentipratulum is emended to include characters omitted in the original diagnosis (stem-like base of spines, rudimentary subiculum) and found in the novel species (presence of naked or encrusted leptocystidia). All Dentipratulum species are illustrated with pictures of basidiomata, line drawings of micro-morphological characters, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of basidiospores. A key to the genus is provided.

Cerarioporia cystidiata gen. et sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and molecular phylogeny

Cerarioporia cystidiata gen. et sp. nov. is proposed on the basis of a combination of a specific set of morphological characters and molecular (DNA-based) evidences. Cerarioporia is characterized by seasonal, resupinate basidiomata waxy when fresh drying resinous, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and skeletal hyphae, distinctly thick-walled encrusted hymenial cystidia, and hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, fusiform basidiospores. Cerarioporia cystidiata was found growing on rotten angiosperm wood, and seems to cause a white rot in very humid tropical forest. Phylogenetic analyses based on n28S, and a combined n28S and ITS datasets show that Cerarioporia belongs to the core polyporoid clade of Polyporales.

Cryptic species revealed by molecular phylogenetic analysis of sequences obtained from basidiomata of Tulasnella

Delimitation of species and the search for a proper threshold for defining phylogenetic species in fungi are under discussion. In this study, morphological and molecular data are correlated to delimit species of Tulasnella, the most important mycobionts of Orchidaceae, which suffer from poor taxonomy. Resupinate basidiomata of Tulasnella species were collected in Ecuador and Germany, and 11 specimens (seven from Ecuador, four from Germany) were assigned to traditional species concepts by use of morphological keys. The specimens were compared by micro-anatomical examination with 75 specimens of Tulasnella borrowed from fungaria to obtain better insights on variation of characters. Sequences of the ITS region (127) were obtained after cloning from the fresh basidiomata and from pure cultures. Proportional variability of ITS sequences was analyzed within and among the cultures and the specimens designated to different morphospecies. Results suggested an intragenomic variation of less than 2%, an intraspecific variation of up to 4% and an interspecific divergence of more than 9% in Tulasnella. Cryptic species in Tulasnella, mostly from Ecuador, were revealed by phylogenetic analyses with 4% intraspecific divergence as a minimum threshold for delimiting species. Conventional diagnostic morphological characters appeared insufficient for species characterization. Arguments are presented for molecular delimitation of the established species Tulasnella albida, T. asymmetrica, T. eichleriana, T. cf. pinicola, T. tomaculum and T. violea.