Results Of T-test Research Articles

PICTURE SERIES STRATEGY AND MOTIVATION IN ELEVENTH GRADE SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT: AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN

Despite the fact that speaking proficiency is essential for learning a foreign language, the majority of students struggle with it. This research set intended to discover: (1) whether or not students who trained to use the picture sequence approach and those who studied the presenting strategy had significantly different speaking abilities, (2) whether or not there was motivated and uninspired students perform significantly differently in speaking tasks, (3) whether or not there was the interact of picture series and motivation on speaking achievement. There were 60 students as sample and used purposive sampling, quantitative with factorial design approach, the information was gathered utilizing a speaking test and a questionnaire, paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test, and two-way ANOVA. Results, there is a big gap in speaking ability. It was proved by the result of paired t-test with t obtained (-13.950) was lower than t- table (1.697) and the significant value (0.000) was lower than a (0.05). It indicated that students' speaking achievement was improved. Also, it was proved by the result of independent sample t-test with t obtained (4,516) was higher than t- table (1.697) and the significant value (0.000) was lower than a (0.05). It indicated that students' speaking achievement was improved. In addition, the result of two-way ANOVA showed that A significant value was obtained of 0.003 < 0.05, that there was a difference between experimental group and the control group's speaking proficiency among students was motivated and uninspired. A significant value was obtained of 0.010 <0.05, Consequently, it could be said that there was a difference in speaking achievement between students who were motivated and those who weren't. A significant value of 0.355 > 0.05 was obtained, so it could be concluded there was no interact between learning methods and student motivation towards speaking achievement.

Warm Ginger Compress and Static Stretching for The Change of Pain in Gout Arthritis

Gout Arthritis is a joint inflammation resulted from excessive levels of the uric acid in the blood. The characteristic of the symptoms was monoarticular, swollen, reddish, and pain that interferes activity These conditions need therapy because it could affect the quality of life. The non-pharmacological therapy that can be given was the combination of warm ginger compress and static stretching. The purpose of this research was analyzing the effectiveness of the combination of warm ginger compress and static stretching for change pain in gout arthritis. This research used Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) method to 30 people with gout arthritis in Tambaksari Surabaya. This research used simple random sampling technique. The respondents were divided into two groups, control and treatment group were also determined randomly. The intervention was given for 15-20 minutes, 6 times in 2 weeks. The data analysis used t-test 2 sample. The result of t-test in the intervention group revealed that there was change pain before and after given intervention while the independent sample showed that there was difference in pain in both groups. The warm ginger compress therapy caused vasodilation blood vessel so as to prevent spasm of the muscles, while static stretching through relaxation muscles so increased physical relaxation. The both intervention were useful as non pharmacology therapy to reduce pain in people with gout arthritis.

Pengaruh Achievement Motivation, Locus of Control, dan Study Habits terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar

The study aims to analyze whether achievement motivation, internal locus of control, and study habits influence the learning outcomes of grade 7 students in four regions in Indonesia, namely Sumatera, Java, and Papua. Several experts and previous studies have shown that achievement motivation, locus of control, and study habits can be used as predictors and improve students’ mathematics learning outcomes. This research is a survey with a quantitative approach and was conducted at four schools in the XYZ Foundation. Data collection techniques using questionnaires distributed through Google Form link to measure students' achievement motivations, internal locus of control, and study habits on mathematics learning outcomes of 7th grade students. Data was collected from 183 respondents. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression with the IBM SPSS 25 application. Based on the result of the data analysis, the regression equation for students' achievement motivation, locus of control, and study habits on mathematics learning outcomes of 7th grade students is . Furthermore, based on the t-test result, achievement motivation with a t count of 3.961, internal locus of control with a t count of -2.994, and study habits with a t count of 1.424 are obtained. The conclusions are achievement motivation and internal locus of control partially have a positive influence and study habits do not affect the learning outcomes of grade 7 mathematics. Based on the value of , as much as 15.9% of independent variables are achievement motivation, internal locus of control, and study habits that simultaneously influence the mathematics learning outcomes of 7th grade students. Theoretical implications and implications of the research are discussed.

The Effect of Training Male Smokers About the Effects of Secondhand Smoke in Pregnant Wives on Their Self-Efficacy.

Contact with second-hand cigarette smoke includes inhalation of cigarette smoke caused by the burning of the cigarette itself and inhalation of smoke exhaled by the smoker. Wife's pregnancy can be a motivating factor to change the behavior of men who smoke. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to determine the effect of training male smokers on the effects of secondhand smoke during pregnancy on their self-efficacy. The present study is an interventional type of pre-test and post-test. In this phase, random sampling was done from health centers in Isfahan, the participants were 140 smoking spouses of pregnant women, who referred to health centers to receive pregnancy care, and were divided into two intervention and control groups. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on men's self-efficacy regarding second-hand cigarette smoke. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinion of the expert panel with content validity ratio (CVR)=0.87 and content validity index (CVI)=0.88, and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha=0.97. All data were analyzed with SPSS18 software and Chi-score, Fisher, t-test. There was no significant difference between the comparison of demographic variables in the intervention and control groups (p>0.05). The results of the paired t-test to compare before and after the training showed that the average score of self-efficacy (p<0.001) in the intervention group had increased significantly after the training, and according to the independent t-test, the average score of self-efficacy After training, it was more in the intervention group than the control group (p<0.05). Men's self-efficacy regarding second-hand smoke increased after training, so the current training package is effective in training and can be suggested for future studies.

STEM-PjBL and creativity of science learning students in elementary schools

Science learning is a lesson that studies nature and life. Science learning opens up opportunities for students to ask questions, develop new ideas, and build new skills, so this research aims to describe the implementation of STEM-PjBL, measure student creativity after implementing STEM-PjBL, and measure the influence of STEM-PjBL in science learning. This research uses a quantitative approach with the Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design type. In this design, there are two groups: the experimental and the control groups. Data collection techniques use observation. The subjects used were 58 students, consisting of 28 as an experimental group and 30 as a control group. Data analysis techniques include a paired sample t-test and an independent sample t-test with a significance level of 5%. There is an increase in student creativity in the learning process. The results of the paired sample t-test show that there are significant differences in student creativity after the STEM-PjBL action in learning. The results of the independent sample t-test show that there are significant differences in STEM-PjBL actions in the learning process. STEM-PjBL has an influence on student creativity in the learning process.

Connecting in-class and out-of-class learning: Integrating online resources and blog writing for EFL proficiency enhancement

The paper presents a study that addresses common issues in the EFL context, specifically the lack of student engagement and limited exposure to the language. The study implemented a flipped classroom approach to enhance learner engagement and improve language learning outcomes. This study involved 32 non-English majors and utilized 6 Minute English Podcasts and TED Talks as core materials, supplemented by blog writing assignments to connect in-class and out-of-class learning. Students engaged with online course materials before attending in-class discussions and worked on their blog assignments after class. Research tools included pre- and post-language proficiency tests, an end-of-semester questionnaire, student blog writings, and their reflection papers.&#x0D; The results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated a significant improvement in students' listening skills (z=-4.099, p&lt;0.001). Regarding their performance in speaking and writing, the results of the paired t-tests showed that students demonstrated varying levels of improvement, with the most significant improvements in the writing test (p&lt;0.001) with a large effect size (d=1.94). The findings highlight significant progress in listening, writing, and listen-to-write skills, resulting from the synergistic integration of high-quality online audio and video resources, blog writing assignments, and the flipped teaching approach. This research offers valuable insights for practitioners seeking to enhance language acquisition, particularly within the EFL context.

EXTENDING STUDENTS' SPEAKING SKILLS IN THE ELEVENTH-GRADE BY USING ROUND ROBIN TECHNIQUE (R2T)

This study was aimed to find out whether or not there was any significant difference in speaking skill between the students’ who were taught by using Round Robin technique and those who were not. There were 60 students of eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 7 Prabumulih involved in this study as the sample. They were divided into two groups, experimental and control groups, both groups consisted of 30 students. This study used quasi non-equivalent group design. The experimental group were taught by using Round Robin technique meanwhile the control group were taught by using lecturing method. The result showed that the mean score of experimental groups increased from 70,88 in pre-test to 78,67 in post-test. Furthermore, the result of independent t-test from experimental group and control group shown that the t-obtained was 2,625 and it was higher than t-table 1,9977. It means that there was any significant difference between experimental and control groups which was caused by Round Robin technique given to the experimental group. It can be concluded that there was significant difference between students who were taught using Round Robin technique and students who were not.

GRIEF, POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS AND POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AMONG BEREAVED FAMILIES DUE TO COVID-19

The aim of the current research was to investigate the nature of relationships among grief, post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth. Mean group differences on study variables based on circumstantial factors and demographic characteristics of the participants and the deceased including gender were inquired. A sample of 331 participants above 16 years, who had lost family members, near relative and close friends due to Covid-19, were selected. Translation process of scale, prolonged grief scale was carried out through back-translation design. Adapted Urdu versions of prolonged grief scale (Prigerson et al., 2021), post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist-DSM-5 (Weathers et al., 2013) and post-traumatic growth inventory-short form (Cann et al., 2010), along with a demographic sheet were used. Translation process of prolonged grief scale was carried out through back-translation design. The results showed that grief was positively significantly correlated with post-traumatic stress and significantly negatively correlated with posttraumatic growth; post-traumatic stress had significantly negatively correlated with post-traumatic growth. Results of t-test showed that females had significantly more intense grief and post-traumatic stress, whereas males reported greater experience of post-traumatic growth. Result also showed that there were significantly more grief and posttraumatic stress, where death of male occurred. Limitations of the current study were also highlighted and suggestions for future research are mentioned.

Impact of Extension Teaching Strategies on Small-Scale Farmers' Adoption of Better Rice Varieties(FAROS) in Badeggi Area of Katcha LGA Niger State

The study looked at the impact of extension education on farmers in Badeggi area of Katcha local government, Niger State adopting rice cultivars, particularly FAROS. A multi-stage random sample procedure was used to select 160 farmers from five villages within the Katcha local government in order to achieve the study's objectives. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and the T-test were used to examine the collected data. According to the results, 48.5% of the farmers of enhanced rice varieties were in the active age range of 30 to 40 years. In the study area, the most effective way to instruct farmers planting improved rice varieties was through demonstration (SPART), which accounted for 43.8% of the total. The results of the regression analysis showed that, among the variables influencing farmers' output, land size, adoption rate, and educational attainment were all statistically significant and positively correlated with their output. The T-test result for adopters of enhanced rice varieties and non-adopters was also statistically significant (2.579) at the 5% level. The respondents' issues in the study area included insufficient communication channels, a lack of technical understanding about enhanced rice varieties, and challenges getting improved seed kinds. The respondents' issues in the study area included insufficient communication channels, a lack of technical understanding about enhanced rice varieties, and challenges getting improved seed kinds.

THE INFLUENCE OF VOICE OF AMERICA (VOA) LEARNING ENGLISH IN READING COMPREHENSION AT SMAN 18 MAKASSAR

The objective of this research aimed to find out the influence of using Voice of America (VOA) Learning English on students’ reading comprehension of the eleventh grade students at SMAN 18 Makassar. The design of this research was an experimental research. The population of this research were the eleventh grade students of SMAN 18 Makassar. The sample of this research was the students in XI science 1. The research instruments used by the researcher were test and questionnaires. The test was used to measure the students’ reading comprehension before and after treatment and the questionnaire was used to collect information about the students’ interest in learning reading by using VOA Learning English. The form of the test was multiple choices and consist of twenty items. The techniques used in collecting the data were pre-test and post-test. Pre-test was administered before the researcher began the teaching learning process and post-test was administered after treatment. In testing the hypothesis, t-test was employed. The calculation was done by using SPSS v.20 The findings of this research was T-test result revealed that sig. (tailed) was 0.000. The outcome indicated that the sig. (2-tailed) table was less significant than the level of significance. As a result, the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted, while the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. It means that implementing Voice of America (VOA) Learning English in the eleventh grade of Science 1 at SMAN 18 Makassar in the academic year 2023/2024 can improve students' reading comprehension ability. Therefore, it can be concluded that teaching English reading comprehension by using VOA Learning English had a significant influence and it was more effective.

The impact of sewage disposal and tanning waste on the vegetation of Khartoum South, Sudan

This study examined the effects of tanning waste and sewage disposal on Khartoum South's vegetation. The floristic composition, density, frequency, and species diversity of the vegetation were the factors under investigation. Chemical analyses for the elements Ca, Mg, K, Cr, Cd, and Zn were performed on soil and plant samples. Soil samples were collected from three locations in the study area at two depths: 0-5 cm and 10-15 cm. Plant samples of different species were collected for chemical analysis of the same elements mentioned above. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance (5% level) and correlation between soil and plant elements in addition to T- and F-tests. The results showed that elements Ca and Mg had a positive correlation between plant species and soil samples, while elements Cr and Cd had a negative correlation between soil and plant samples. The results of T-test and F-test showed no significant differences between element concentrations at two soil depths and three locations in the study area. The study concluded that the drastic change in the vegetation of the area was caused by sewage and tanning.

Studi Sifat Fisika Tanah Gambut pada Kebun Karet dan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat di Kecamatan Rasau Jaya Kabupaten Kubu Raya

This study aims to study the differences in the physical properties of peat soils in rubber and oil palm plantations in Rasau Jaya III Village Rasau District Kubu Raya District. The parameters of this study are, peat depth, peat maturity, measurement of ground water level depth, content weight, water content capacity field, total porosity, permeability, and some chemical properties, peat soil in people's rubber and oil palm plantations in Rasau Jaya District, Kubu Raya Regency. Measurement of peat depth is taken up to the mineral soil boundary, has a 74 cm rubber peat depth and 66 cm oil palm. The level of maturity of both fields at the sapric level. The water resistant surface on rubber land is 70 cm and oil palm land is 58.8 cm. Average bulk density of depth 0 – 30 cm rubber land 0.34 g/cm3, palm 0.31 g/cm3. Depth 30-60 cm rubber 0.28 g/cm3, palm 0.38 g/cm3. Average field water capacity depth of 0-30 rubber fields 74, 63% palm 85.19%. While at a depth of 30-60 cm rubber land has 71.58% oil palm area of 84.58% vol. The average porosity of total soil depth of 0-30 cm palm oil is 86.96% higher than rubber area 82.37%. The average total porosity of soil at a depth of 30-60 cm is lower oil palm 81.82% rubber land 86.82% and both lands are classified as very porous criteria. The mean permeability values based on the t-test results were not significantly different.

The Relationship Between Leisure Crafting, Job Finding Anxiety and Life Satisfaction

The aim of this study was to determine the leisure crafting, job finding anxiety and life satisfaction levels of the students studying in the faculty of sport sciences according to some demographic variables and to determine the relationship between the variables. The study employed the relational survey model. The research group consisted of 458 (Meanage.=21,53±2,06) people who were determined via simple sampling method and who were studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences. The study used "Leisure Crafting Scale (LCS)", "Sport Sciences Students' Job Finding Anxiety Scale (JFAS)" and "Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS)". t-test and ANOVA tests were applied to assess the levels of LCS, JFAS and SSS according to various demographic characteristics of the participants. Furthermore, the research model that was developed in order to investigate the relationship between the scales was assessed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) test. The results of the research showed that there was a no significant difference according to the “gender” variable in the scores of LCS, JFAS and LSS in the t-test results, but showed a significant difference according to the "participation in the development seminar" variable. With respect to the ANOVA results, it was determined that there was a significant difference in the scores of LCS, JFAS and LSS according to the variables of “income level" and "type of leisure time utilization". Additionally, the hypotheses developed within the confines of the study model were confirmed based on the findings of the SEM analysis. Accordingly, it was observed that the variance rate in which leisure crafting accounted for life satisfaction was 45% (R2 = ,45, p = ,001), which was -25% when it came to accounting for job finding anxiety (R2 = ,-25, p = ,001). As a result, it can be concluded that leisure crafting, job finding anxiety and life satisfaction levels vary depending on a variety of demographic parameters, and life satisfaction levels of students are affected by leisure crafting and job finding anxiety.Keywords: Anxiety, Leisure Crafting, Satisfaction, Student

THE USE OF SIMULATED PATIENT IN ONLINE SELF-MEDICATION PRACTICE IN PHARMACY EDUCATION

Background: The use of simulated patients on pharmacy education in Indonesia very rare, where most of the use of simulated patients is only to evaluate the performance of practicing pharmacists in the workplace and students during exams. Whereas use of simulated patients can improve performance students dealing with patients. This study wanted to see the impact of using simulated patients on the learning process in pharmacy education by online self-medication practice with assessed using the QuEST SCHOLAR instrument.Method: Study design on this research was quasi experimental with pretest–posttest in single group. The approach of this study using mix method with sequential explanatory design. The quantitative data was pretest and postest performance student, where assessed using the QueST SCHOLAR instrument and then analyzed using paired t-test, while the qualitative data explaining the impact of using simulated patients and peer to performance students choose based on maximum variation sampling to do in depth interview with semi structured questions then transcribed and coding by two coder.Results: Quantitative results have a significant change when performing role play with simulated patients, as evidenced by the results of the paired t-test with simulated patients that is equal to 0.00 value. According to student perceptions, students prefer role play with simulated patients than with peers because the simulated patient is like a real patient and provides feedback so that students know their weaknesses and can boost their self-confidence.Conclusion: The performance of students has increased as a result of the usage of simulated patients in pharmacy education.

Pengaruh Latihan Resistance Band Terhadap Kemampuan Menembak Pemain Bola Basket Klub Rongqing Yayasan Fuqing Banjarmasin

This study aims to examine the effect of resistance band training on the shooting ability of basketball players at the Rongqing Banjarmasin club. The research method used was pre-experimental with the form of a one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was 20 people, sampling was carried out using a total sampling technique. The instrument used for the test is to put as many balls into the ring as possible within 30 seconds. This research data collection technique uses SPSS. Treatment was measured from the pretest-posttest difference using the paired samples t-test. The results of the paired samples t-test showed a significance value of 0.000, smaller than 0.05 and the average result data was 3.35, the standard deviation was 1.899, the test results obtained the highest score of 7 and the lowest score of 1. After being treated with muscle strength training arms through resistance band training there is a significant increase in basketball shooting results. This is proven by the results of their final three point shooting test with an average of 6.50, the highest score was 13, and the lowest score was 3. It was concluded that there was an influence of resistance band training on the shooting ability of basketball athletes.

Adolescents and reproductive health: Promoting healthy habits for reproductive well-being

Abstract. Adolescence is a critical period in humans in terms of physical, psychosocial, cognitive, and emotional development, especially for the reproductive system. Adolescents must be prepared to face reproductive maturation so they need some information to solve the change in their bodies. Conducting health education about reproductive health is very important as an effort to increase knowledge in dealing with puberty. The reproductive health education program for adolescents facing puberty is one solution that can be done to increase adolescents’ knowledge about reproductive health. This activity aims to increase adolescents’ knowledge about health reproductive in adolescence. The method used was a quasi-experiment research design with a group pretest and posttest approach. The population in this program was elementary school students in grades 4 and 5 at SDN Banyuurip Yogyakarta with a total sample of 38 students and a purposive sampling technique with inclusion criteria for children aged 10-14 years. Then, the data was analyzed by using a paired t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in students’ knowledge levels before and after the education was implemented. Before the reproductive health education, the respondents' knowledge level was mostly in the less category of 52%, sufficient category of 42%, and good category of 5%. After the reproductive health education was carried out, most of the students had good knowledge of 71%, sufficient knowledge of 29%, and no students had insufficient knowledge. Other results showed the pre-test mean scored 76.58 and post-test mean scored 83.16, median pretest and post-test scored 80 and 90. The results of the paired t-test obtained a p-value of 0.049 &lt;0.005. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an effect of reproductive health education on Banyuurip elementary school children of Yogyakarta. Conclusion: Reproductive health education is proven to increase students’ knowledge level in dealing with puberty and care for reproductive organs.

Effect of Flipped Learning and Think Pair Share Strategy on the Students’ Performance in Physics

Flipped learning and Think Pair Share is a learning strategy that requires students to interact. This study sought to find out the effect of Flipped learning and Think Pair Share strategy on the performance in Physics of grade 12-STEM students. The research employed a true experimental methodology, specifically employing the pretest – postest control group design. Percentage, T-Test, and Paired T-Test were used for the analysis of the data. T-test showed no significance difference in the pretest score in Physics of the students exposed to Flipped learning and Think Pair Share strategy and lecture method. T-test result showed significance difference on the posttest score in Physics when exposed to Flipped learning and Think Pair Share strategy and lecture method as shown in the t-value of (4.9971) that correspond to the p-value of (5.68E-06). Paired t-test revealed that there was a significant difference on the students’ pretest and posttest scores in Physics when exposed to Flipped learning and Think Pair Share Strategy as shown in the p-value of 3.3E-16 and Lecture method as shown in the p-value of 2.26E-07. The result reveals that Flipped learning and Think Pair Share strategy are effective in enhancing students’ performance in Physics.

Assessing Students’ Level of Awareness of their Constitutional Human Rights

The main focus of this study was to assess the level of students’ human rights awareness at the University of Education, Winneba. The study adopted a pragmatic research paradigm using the mixed-method approach with an explanatory sequential design. The population for the study was the level 400 students of the University of Education, Winneba for the 2022/2023 academic year. A total of 368 students were carefully selected hinging on the Krejcie and Morgan tabulation formula from the total population of 9,408 final year students for the quantitative data. Sixteen (16) students were purposively selected from the sample size of 368 for a focus group discussion. Standard-based students’ academic rights and freedom questionnaires were adapted to merit the research context. The focus group discussion guide was designed from the quantitative questionnaire for triangulation purposes. Descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviation) and inferential statistics (Independent sample t-test) were employed for the quantitative analysis, whilst qualitative content analysis was used for the qualitative analysis. As an insider, positionality issues and ethical considerations were professionally addressed to avoid any influence on the outcome of the research. The findings showed that students had a high level of human rights awareness about the right to life, while the right to a speedy trial was moderate, though it is among the general aspects of human rights to be enjoyed by all citizens. Overall, it was realized that students of the University of Education, Winneba had a high level of human rights awareness (M=4.24, SD=0.50). The results indicated that even though students within the 31-40 age range had a higher level of human rights awareness (M=4.45, SD=0.48) than those between the 21-30 age range (M=4.23, SD=0.50), the independent sample t-test results were not statistically significant [t (337) = -1.765, p&gt;0.05, 2-tailed]. The qualitative data revealed that courses offered in the domain of human rights, seminars, conferences, flyers, newsletters, and basic school rules from students’ handbooks were some of the sources of their human rights awareness.

Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Audiovisual terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Teks Eksposisi Siswa SMP

Learning media is a tool to optimize the delivery of material in learning. The aim is so that students do not get bored and lose focus when the teacher delivers material if they only use print media. One of them is audiovisual media which contains images and sound (video). Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting research with the title, "Effectiveness of Using Audiovisual Media on Expository Text Writing Skills for Class VIII Middle School Students". This research aims to determine the level of effectiveness of using audiovisual learning media on the expository text writing skills of class VIII students at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru. The type of research carried out by researchers is experimental research with a quantitative approach. Data collection methods are observation and skills tests. Data analysis techniques are normality test, homogeneity test, and paired t-test. After calculating after treatment the average obtained in the control class was 79 in the medium category, while the experimental class was 85 in the high category, which means the results increased. From the results of the paired t-test, a significant value (2-tailed) of 0.00 &lt; 0.05 was obtained, meaning that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, meaning that there were influences and differences in the application of the use of audiovisual media on students' ability to write expository texts. The criteria for rejecting H0 can also be seen from the value Thit &gt; Ttab, namely 2.90 &gt; 1.60.

THE EFFECTS OF SRSD WITH MNEMONIC TRAP ON EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION SKILL

This paper examines the impact of a Self-Regulated Strategy Development using the mnemonic TRAP on the teaching of English reading comprehension skills. The primary goal of the research is to figure out whether: 1) SRSD with mnemonic TRAP is insightful in enhancing students' reading comprehension skills, and 2) the effects size of SRSD with mnemonic TRAP on students' reading comprehension skills. The research utilizes a quasi-experimental design using a pretest and posttest control group design. As of now, the research has been conducted on fifth semester college students in Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia. This research involves 70 students, with 35 assigned to the experimental group obtaining SRSD with the mnemonic TRAP and 35 assigned to the control group obtaining the RAP method - common strategy. There are significance differences in reading comprehension between students taught using SRSD with the mnemonic TRAP and those taught using the RAP strategy, confirming the results of a paired sample t-test. Students' reading comprehension improves significantly after utilizing the SRSD with the mnemonic TRAP, with an 80% contribution.