Results Of Static Analysis Research Articles

Design and Static Analysis of Mono Composite Leaf Spring Made of Various Types of Composite Materials Using Finite Element Method

In this study design and static analysis of mono composite leaf spring are performed in comparison to the existing structural steel leaf spring. The basic idea behind this work is to replace the existing structural steel leaf spring with composite materials. In this work, three different kinds of composite materials are taken such as laminated Carbon/Epoxy, Boron/Aluminum, and Carbon/Epoxy (Non-Laminated) with the same thickness, width, and load-carrying capacity. The main investigation of the study is to reduce the weight of existing structural steel leaf spring while upholding its strength. This study seeks to address, improving load-carrying capacity, and designing less stressed and lightweight mono composite leaf spring. In this study, 60% fiber volume fraction and 40% matrix volume fraction are taken. In present work total deflection and equivalent von-misses stresses induced in the different kinds of mono composite leaf spring are compared with total deflection and equivalent von-misses stresses of conventional structural steel leaf spring. For analysis purposes, Ansys workbench 19.2 is used and for modeling of composite leaf spring, NX 10 (Unigraphics) is used. Finally, from the static analysis results, it has been observed that the newly designed composite leaf spring made of Carbon/Epoxy (Non-Laminated) has better performance than the existing conventional structural steel leaf spring.

Application of materials-engineering research to Indian traditional artforms, A case-study: Bhujakeerthi of Yakshagana

Traditional dance-drama performing arts in India has a history of about 1000 years or even more. Most of them are multi-dimensional folk theatre comprising of dance, music, dialogues, body language, stage techniques, costumes and makeup – making it one of the most effective medium of communication, education and entertainment. Technological developments taking place in mainstream segments tend to neglect artforms. There are many areas related to these artforms where technical research work is required to support the artists and other stake holders. A case study related to one of the ornaments called Bhujakeerthi of Yakshagana, a traditional dance-drama of Karnataka (one of the southern state of India) is carried out in this work. Traditionally, Bhujakeerthi is made out of wood (Gmelina arborea). But, the issues of inconsistency, cost, weight, lead-time, etc. create room for research and development. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique of 3D printing process can be employed effectively to solve most of these issues. By employing Finite Element Analysis (using ANSYS®), this work explores the possibility of using 3D printing materials such as, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Nylon6/6 for making beads of Bhujakeerthi. Bead is redesigned to ensure minimum weight. Results of static stress analysis, carried out on the re-design of the Bhujakeerthi bead is used for selecting the best material for 3D printing process

Design and fatigue analysis of an aluminium alloy aerodynamic wheel

The deployment of CAx systems has a great influence on the design of individual car components. One of the components that must meet not only aesthetic requirements but also strict safety criteria, guarantee mechanical integrity and have good aerodynamic properties, is a car wheel. Before production begins, wheels must undergo a series of numerical analyses as well as experimental tests. Based on these tests, design modifications are made so that the wheel meets the safety criteria in real operation. The aim of this paper is to present the wheel design process, including the simulation of the rotary bending test using finite elements method (FEM). The paper describes boundary conditions of the numerical model, the process of finite element mesh generation and the results of linear static analysis and fatigue analysis of an aerodynamic wheel.

Strength analysis and modal analysis for the load-bearing structure of the equipment for opening and compartmentalizing watering furrows, using 1D

The paper proposes the analysis of the load-bearing structure of the equipment for opening and compartmentalizing watering furrows (EOCFW), using a 3D structural model, built with 1D finite element. Based on information from the experimental results of the EOCFW equipment, the load-bearing structure is supported and loaded. The results of the linear static analysis of the structure consist of the distributions of the relative displacement fields and the equivalent voltage in the structure. Also, the own frequencies of the structure and the deformed forms of the structure are obtained when it vibrates in its own ways with the lowest own frequencies. It shows how these results can be used. The field of relative displacements is used to assess the effects on the quality of the soil processing performed. The equivalent stress field is used to estimate the safety factor of the structure, by reference to the flow stress of the material from which the structure is built. The first four or five own frequencies are important for the prognosis of possible vibration regimes with resonance, their explanation and their amelioration. It emphasizes the ease with which the model can be modified to obtain improved or even optimized variants.

AVATAR: NN-Assisted Variation Aware Timing Analysis and Reporting for Hardware Trojan Detection

This paper presents AVATAR, a learning-assisted Trojan testing flow to detect hardware Trojans placed into fabricated ICs at an untrusted foundry, without needing a Golden IC. AVATAR is a side-channel delay-based testing solution that is assisted by a learning model (process watchdog) for tracking the process drift and systematic process variation. AVATAR’s process watchdog model is trained using a limited number of test samples, collected at test time, to tightly correlate the Static Timing Analysis results (generated at design time) to the test results (generated from clock frequency sweeping test). The experimental results confirm that AVATAR detects over 98% of (small) Trojans inserted in the selected benchmarks. We have complemented our proposed solution with a diagnostic test that 1) further reduces the false-positive rate of AVATAR Trojan detection to zero or near zero, and 2) pinpoints the net-location of the Trojan Trigger or Payload.

Stress-strain state cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof buildings (structures) with various forms of external support contour

Relevance. A new wave-like combined (complex) coating design for large-span buildings - a cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof, combining three types of structures: a cylindrical shell of zero Gaussian curvature, plate and cable-stayed (hanging) roofs are presented. This combination of structures and materials for roof large areas was not chosen by chance. The cable works in tension with its entire cross section only, and the cylindrical shell and plate work in two (longitudinal and transverse) planes. In combination with external influence, they create the necessary design strength, taking into account, at the same time, a rational choice of materials (steel and reinforced concrete). New architectural and constructive solutions of a large-span building with a cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof are proposed taking into account the different geometric shapes of the external support contour in a form of a semicircle, semiellipse, etc. The aim of the work is to analyze the influence of the external support contour (semicircle, semiellipse, and other forms) on the spatial work of internal forces in the combined cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof of a large-span building. Methods. Results of static numerical analysis of spatial models of large-span buildings with different types of external supporting contour in the centralized roofs were made in the FEMAP with NX NAS-TRAN software package. This complex belongs to the CAE - class which implements the finite element method (FEM) and allows on the basis of the physical and geometric nonlinearity of the deformation of structures. Results. Calculation study carried out comparative numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of a complex cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof with different outlines of the support contours on the effect of vertical loads. This determines their rational choice given due consideration to the total cost and useful area of the building. The results of calculating large-span buildings with cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roofs for horizontal (wind) load, on the basis of determination of aerodynamic coefficients, are supposed to be published in the next article.

An improved dynamic load-strength interference model for the reliability analysis of aero-engine rotor blade system

As the power source of an aircraft, aero-engine tends to meet many rigorous requirements for high thrust-weight ratio and reliability with the continuous improvement of aero-engine performance. In this paper, based on the order statistics and stochastic process theory, an improved dynamic load-strength interference (LSI) model was proposed for the reliability analysis of aero-engine rotor blade system, with strength degradation and catastrophic failure involved. In presented model, the “unconventional active” characteristic of rotor blade system, changeable functioning relationships and system-component configurations, was fully considered, which is necessary for both theoretical analysis and engineering application. In addition, to reduce the computation cost, a simplified form of the improved LSI model was also built for convenience of engineering application. To verify the effectiveness of the improved model, reliability of turbojet 7 engine rotor blade system was calculated by the improved LSI model based on the results of static finite element analysis. Compared with the traditional LSI model, the result showed that there were significant differences between the calculation results of the two models, in which the improved model was more appropriate to the practical condition.

Optimization of Model and Structural Analysis Hypoid Gear

The purpose of this work is to analyze structural behaviour of differential hypoid gear. For the studying of the structural analysis of the gear is made up of the different composite materials & as well as alloy materials compared with conventional metallic materials. As, composite materials provide enough strength and emerged as a good alternative for replacing metallic gears which is Ni-Cr steel. The alloy materials considered here is Aluminium alloy, Grey cast iron, and the composite material is Epoxy E-Glass unidirectional and compare with existing gear material Ni-Cr steel. This work makes an attempt to replace the metallic gears of Ni-Cr steel with alloy & composite materials based on static structural analysis results. For the analysis purpose the solid model is created by using CATIAV5R20 design software and ANSYS 17.1 is used to determine the Total deformation, Von-Mises stress and the equivalent elastic strain for the different selected materials at three different speeds.

Energy and CO<SUB align="right">2 emissions in the Gulf Cooperation Council region

This paper evaluates the factors that cause environmental contamination in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region through carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The paper conducts qualitative analysis by focusing on the IPAT equation and quantitative analysis using panel data methods. The results of the qualitative analysis show that political factors, such as wars and unrest, affect the environmental quality in the GCC region. The results of comparative static analysis show that the increase in population, GDP, and energy production increase CO2 emissions. Through panel regression methods, we fail to reject the null hypotheses as suggested by the comparative static analysis, hence the paper concludes that population, GDP, and energy supply cause environmental pollution in the GCC region.

Trade-off Pareto optimum design of an innovative curved damper truss moment frame considering structural and non-structural objectives

This research aims to develop a novel and cost-effective seismic force-resisting system called “curved damper truss moment frame” (CDTMF) by coupling the recently developed curved dampers (CDs) with conventional steel trusses. In this proposed system, the CDs are adopted as primary fuses, while semi-rigid connections are used as secondary fuses to dissipate the input seismic energy through a two-phased energy dissipation mechanism called the equivalent energy design procedure (EEDP). To validate the adequacy and feasibility of incorporating the CDTMF system in multi-story framed structures, the multi-objective NSGA II optimization technique was applied to the optimum seismic design of selected CDTMF prototypes. Their seismic performance was then compared with the recently proposed buckling restrained knee braced truss moment frame (BRKBTMF) systems, which were designed based on the same procedure to make a consistent comparison. This comparison was based on the results of nonlinear static analysis (pushover), nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) on three-, six- and nine-story steel framed structures (low- to mid-rise systems). Since damage to non-structural acceleration-sensitive elements would depend on the floor acceleration, and because the main cause of damage in non-structural displacement-sensitive elements and structural members is generally due to the story drift, the objective functions of the optimization process were the median maximum story drift and the peak floor acceleration. In order to achieve the two-phased energy dissipation mechanism, the primary constraints (PCs) and secondary constraints (SCs) corresponding to the primary and secondary fuses are applied. The outcomes of the pushover analysis showed that the optimal CDTMF structures exhibited higher ductility and energy dissipation capacity compared to the BRKBTMFs. The results of the nonlinear dynamic analysis also indicated that the newly proposed CDTMF system can control the roof displacement, story drift, and roof acceleration during an earthquake excitation more efficiently than the BRKBTMF system. Finally, the outputs of the IDA show that the CDTMFs can fulfilled the FEMA P695 code requirements. Hence, it can be considered as a reliable seismic force resisting system.

STATIC ANALYSIS OF FGM CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER LOCAL LOAD USING QUASI-3D HIGHER-ORDER SHEAR DEFORMATION THEORY

The paper presents static analysis results of functionally graded material (FGM) cylindrical shells under concentrated load by an analytical approach. The basic equations are formulated based on a higher-order shear strain theory, taking into account the effects of transverse shear strain and stress. The one-dimensional material distribution in the thickness direction follows Voigt’s power law. In this article influences of several geometric parameters and material distribution coefficients on the stress state of FGM cylindrical shells are considered. Based on the analysis results at the clamped boundary zone, the local load concentration is found, and the transverse normal stress is demonstrated to be considerable at this zone.

Two Anatomists Are Better than One—Dual-Level Android Malware Detection

The openness of the Android operating system and its immense penetration into the market makes it a hot target for malware writers. This work introduces Androtomist, a novel tool capable of symmetrically applying static and dynamic analysis of applications on the Android platform. Unlike similar hybrid solutions, Androtomist capitalizes on a wealth of features stemming from static analysis along with rigorous dynamic instrumentation to dissect applications and decide if they are benign or not. The focus is on anomaly detection using machine learning, but the system is able to autonomously conduct signature-based detection as well. Furthermore, Androtomist is publicly available as open source software and can be straightforwardly installed as a web application. The application itself is dual mode, that is, fully automated for the novice user and configurable for the expert one. As a proof-of-concept, we meticulously assess the detection accuracy of Androtomist against three different popular malware datasets and a handful of machine learning classifiers. We particularly concentrate on the classification performance achieved when the results of static analysis are combined with dynamic instrumentation vis-à-vis static analysis only. Our study also introduces an ensemble approach by averaging the output of all base classification models per malware instance separately, and provides a deeper insight on the most influencing features regarding the classification process. Depending on the employed dataset, for hybrid analysis, we report notably promising to excellent results in terms of the accuracy, F1, and AUC metrics.

Investigation of the Effects of Link Beam Length on the RC Frame Retrofitted with the Linked Column Frame System

This study investigates the effect of different link beam lengths in the Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame retrofitted with the Linked Column Frame (LCF) system. It also investigates the ratio of the link beam length (e) to the span length of the RC frame (L) from 0 to 1.5 for the 9 models of the RC frame retrofitted by the LCF system has been investigated. In addition, it studies the formation of plastic hinges in the RC and Linked Column (LC) frame, distribution of stiffness between the RC and LC frame and the ratio of the structural displacement with the formation of the first plastic hinge in the member of the RC frame at the collapse prevention level (Dp LCF) to the structural displacement with the formation of the first plastic hinge in the link beam (Dy LCF) has been studied. Based on the nonlinear static analysis results, the model with the ratio of e/L= 0.45 has a better performance than other different lengths of the link beam. In this model, the stiffness of the LC frame has increased about 78% in comparison with the model with the ratio of e/L that is more than 0.6. Also, the ratio of Dp LCF to Dy LCF for the model of e/L = 0.45 in comparison with two models of e/L = 0.3 and 0.6 is more about 14% and 22%, respectively. It means that, the model of e/L = 0.45 has more potential to reach the performance level of Rapid Repair (RR) to occupancy.

Approximate Analysis for Shear Force Amplification Effect in Ordinary RC Shear Walls

An approximate analysis method is proposed to predict the dynamic amplification of shear forces in ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls as a preliminary study. First, a seismic design for three groups of ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls higher than 60 m was created on the basis of nonlinear dynamic analysis. Causes for the dynamic amplification effect of shear forces were investigated through a detailed evaluation of the nonlinear dynamic analysis result. A new modal combination rule was proposed on the basis of that observation, in which fundamental mode response and combined higher mode response were summed directly. The fundamental mode response was approximated by nonlinear static analysis result, while higher mode response was computed using response spectrum analysis for equivalent linear structural models with the effective stiffness based on the nonlinear dynamic analysis result. The proposed approximate analysis generally predicted vertical distribution of story shear and shear forces of individual walls from the nonlinear dynamic analysis with comparable accuracy.

Optimal error analysis of MJO prediction associated with uncertainties in sea surface temperature over Indian Ocean

In this study, the predictability of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is investigated using the coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) and the climatically relevant singular vector (CSV) method. The CSV method is an ensemble-based strategy to calculate the optimal growth of the initial error on the climate scale. We focus on the CSV analysis of MJO initialized at phase II, facilitating the investigation of the effect of the initial errors of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indian Ocean on it. Six different MJO events are chosen as the study cases to ensure the robustness of the results. The results indicate that for all the study cases, the optimal perturbation structure of the SST, denoted by the leading mode of the singular vectors (SVs), is a meridional dipole-like pattern between the Bay of Bengal and the southern central Indian Ocean. The MJO signal tends to be more converged and significant in the Eastern Hemisphere while the model is perturbed by leading SV. The moist static energy analysis results indicate that the eastward propagation is much more evident in the terms of vertical advection and radiation flux than others. Therefore, the SV perturbation can strengthen and converge the MJO signal mostly by increasing the vertical advection of the moist static energy. Further, the sensitivity studies indicate that the structure of the leading SV is not sensitive to the initial states, which suggests that we might not need to calculate SVs for each initial time in constructing the ensemble prediction, significantly saving computational time in the operational forecast systems.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ПРИВОДНОГО УЗЛА СМЕСИТЕЛЯ С ДВУНАПРАВЛЕННЫМ ВРАЩАТЕЛЬНЫМ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ НА МАТЕРИАЛ

Periodical mixers are considered. The expediency of developing a new type of mixer is presented. Features of the material movement in the mixer allow to speak about the presence of elements of a gyroscopic effect. The mixing chamber is rotated by means of belt, chain and conical transmission. The resulting complex spatial movement of material particles can be controlled by a frequency Converter and the selection of appropriate gears or using a belt drive. An algorithm for modeling the drive unit of a mixer with a bidirectional rotational effect on the material is presented. The features of the drive unit and its components are considered. The task is to build a model of deformation of the drive unit of the mixer. The finite element method (FEM) for the drive unit of the mixer is used. Machine experiments are performed that implement fatigue calculations of the drive unit with a study in the SolidWorks Simulation environment. The results of static analysis of the drive unit operation in determining the deformation, static analysis of the drive unit operation in determining the voltage with varying torque are obtained. A variant of static analysis is presented when using a belt drive instead of a gear drive. The practical implementation of the mixer drive unit in metal is shown. Conclusions on modeling are made.

Static Analysis of Thin Plates: Bare and Stiffened

Plates are being widely used for many structural applications such as aerospace, civil, electronic devices and marine industries etc. For these applications, it is important to know the plate behaviour under static loading condition. The present study focuses on filling the existing gap in the literature in order to know the plate behaviour of different geometrical shapes before and after adding the stiffener. A total of eight geometries namely circular, square, rectangular (with aspect ratio of 1.25, 1.50 and 1.75) and skew square (with 70o, 76.67o and 83.33o skew angles) were considered. Static analysis of considered geometries was carried out by using FEAST (a Finite Element software). To enable comparison of plates, three parameters namely the area of plates, starting point of the stiffener and curvature of the stiffener were kept constant. From the static analysis results, the effect of the curvilinear stiffener on different geometrical shapes, effect of aspect ratio on rectangular plates and effect of skew angle on skew square plates were given. The displacement of plates reduced significantly after adding the curvilinear stiffener to the bare plates and the stiffener was most effective in the case of circular plate. In the present study, the effect of aspect ratio and skew angle on static behaviour of bare and stiffened plates was also studied and discussed.

Data-driven approach for a one-dimensional thin-walled beam analysis

This study presents a data-driven approach for developing a one-dimensional thin-walled beam model. In order to analyze complicated deformations occurring in a thin-walled beam by a beam theory, it is important to identify core cross-sectional deformations that are the bases for the one-dimensional beam analysis. In this study, we derive core cross-sectional deformations through data processing using the shell-based static analysis results of a thin-walled beam. We perform a principal component analysis for the data processing, in which the desired core cross-sectional deformations are obtained without specific assumptions pertaining to the behavior of the beam’s sectional deformations. Then, the core cross-sectional deformations can be obtained in explicit functional forms (shape functions) to facilitate the subsequent one-dimensional higher-order beam analysis. Important issues related to the establishment of a well-defined dataset are addressed. Using the data-driven shape functions, a series of static, vibration and buckling analyses are performed for various thin-walled beams. We demonstrate by numerical examples that the present data-driven results agree well with those obtained by shell analysis results. While the shape functions are obtained only from the static analysis results, the vibration and buckling analyses using them were also found to be sufficiently accurate.

Proposal of the Mathematical Model of Energy Harvester for Automotive Application

In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for evaluating the performance of an onboard energy harvester. First, the static analysis results using the finite element method and the measurement results using a prototype are compared, and the parameters are supplemented as table data. In addition, the parameters necessary for a mathematical model are identified using a damping vibration. In order to easily evaluate the harvester, we propose a mathematical model that combines the results of using the finite element method with the identified parameters. Finally, a power generation experiment is conducted, and the experimental results are compared with the simulation results to discuss the validity of the proposed mathematical model.

Investigation on automobile wheel rim aluminium 6061 and 6066 Alloys using ANSYS WORKBENCH

The essential of car wheel rim is to provide a firm base on which to fit the tyre. Its dimensions, shape should be suitable to adequately accommodate the particular tyre required for the vehicle. In this project a tyre of car wheel rim belonging to the disc wheel category is considered. The wheel rim is model by using SOLIDWORKS 2016. By using this software, the risk involved in the design and manufacturing process can be easily minimized. So the modeling of the wheel rim is made by using SOLIDWORKS. Later this wheel rim modal is imported to ANSYS WORKBENCH 16 for analysis work. ANSYS WORKBENCH 16 is the latest software used for simulating and also calculating the different properties and viewing the results. ANSYS WORKBENCH 16 static structural analysis work is carried out by considering four different aluminium alloys namely 6061 and 6066, their relative performances have been observed respectively. In addition to wheel rim is subjected to modal analysis, part of dynamic analysis is carried out its performance is observed. In this analysis by observing the results of both static and dynamic analysis obtained best material is suggested for making an effective rim structure.