Results Of Response Surface Analysis Research Articles

Influence of coal cowl parameters on the coal loading process of thin coal seam shearer drum

The low loading rate of the thin coal seam shearer drum is a severe obstacle to the efficient mining of thin seam resources, and the auxiliary drum loading through the cowl is an effective measure to alleviate this situation. However, the working mechanism of the coal cowl still remains unclear. In this paper, with the help of the discrete element method and the modeling experiment method, the effects of coal cowl’s offset distance, tilt angle and wrap angle on the coal loading rate under different loading modes of the drum are investigated; and the significance of various factors and their interactions to the drum coal loading rate is explored by designing response surface experiments. The findings show that a monotonous negative correlation between the offset distance of the coal cowl and the coal loading rate is identified, and that a smaller offset distance can effectively improve the coal loading rate of the drum. The conveying torque is significantly increased, easily inducing the drum choking, coal recycling coal over-crushing. Along with the increasing tilt angle, the rate of ejection loading decreases monotonically, and the rate of pushing loading increases first and then decreases. Coal loading rate is weakly affected by changes in coal cowl’s wrap angle. The results of response surface analysis reveal that the most significant factors affecting the drum’s coal loading rate are tilt angle and offset distance in ejection and pushing loading modes, respectively. The conclusions drawn here offer implications for improving the coal loading performance of the thin coal seam shearer drum, as well as certain guidance on the optimal design of coal cowl parameters.

An RSM approach to optimize the thermal performance of novel type vortex generators

In this study, a comparative analysis of crimp degree (α), attack angle (β), and pitch (Pt) optimization variables is performed for the novel type vortex generator (NTVG) structure. The central composite design is used to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique for thermal performance optimization.The results of response surface analysis indicate that small β, proper α, and Pt contribute to the improvement of the heat transfer performance, while the flow loss decreases as they increase. According to the RSM approach combined with the particle swarm algorithm, the heat transfer performance of NTVGs is enhanced by 19%, the friction factor is improved by 30%, and the thermal performance factor is increased to 109.1%. The CFD analysis shows that the strength of the inner vortex around the optimized NTVG structure is weakened by the reduced flow impingement, resulting in a considerable reduction in the friction factor with the maintenance of heat transfer.

Effect of processing parameters on the quality of overhanging round hole structure in AlSi10Mg selective laser melting

To improve the forming quality of overhanging round hole parts without support, the effects of different processing parameters on the forming quality of the structure were investigated by numerical simulation and experiment. The response surface method was used to analyze the collapse of the overhanging surface. A quadratic response model was established, which can be used to predict the optimization of processing parameters. Finally, three groups of parts under different processing parameters were fabricated by SLM, and the forming quality of the parts was analyzed from the macroscopic and microcosmic perspectives. The results showed that the roundness, the collapse of the overhanging surface and the surface roughness increased with the increase of laser power. The result of increasing scanning speed was opposite. With the increase of scanning spacing, the surface roughness decreased continuously, and the roundness and collapse of the overhanging surface increased first and then decreased. When the scanning spacing was 0.15 mm, the roundness and collapse of the overhanging surface reached the minimum. With the increase of the three, the density and hardness increased first and then decreased. The results of response surface analysis were in good agreement with the experimental results.

The Effect of Resilience and Family Support Match on Psychological Distress among Women in the Menopausal Transition Based on Polynomial Regression and Response Surface Analysis.

Menopausal transition (MT) is a natural process in women from reproductive decline to aging. During this period, women present with an increased prevalence of psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate how resilience and family support interact to influence psychological distress among women during MT. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 858 women during MT from Shandong Province. All participants completed the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the family care degree questionnaire, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 24.0. Response surface analysis was used for polynomial regression and response surface analysis. The results of response surface analysis show that in the case of agreement between resilience and family support, the joint effect manifested as a negative curve (inverted U shape) related to the psychological distress of women during MT. In the case of disagreement, the joint effect manifested as a negative curve (inverted U shaped) related to psychological distress. Specifically, with increased variance in the degree of resilience and family support, women experienced less psychological distress. Both resilience and family support play an important role in protecting women from psychological distress, either alone or in combination. Future intervention studies targeting women during MT should consider the coordinated actions of resilience and family support.

Local Constraints on Junctions to Strengthen Near-Infrared Phosphorescence of Organic Dyes.

A strategy involving the effect of the local constraint on junctions for doping-induced phosphorescence was proposed to increase the rigidity of hydrogen-bonded polymer to inhibit the nonradiative decay of the organic phosphorescent dyes and was verified by bromophenol blue (BPB) derivatives as the near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescent dye. It is shown that the effect of local constraints on junctions of β-cyclodextrin in the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-LCPN) matrix can effectively improve the quantum yields of NIR phosphorescence of BPB derivatives. On the basis of the verification and optimization of the system through response surface analysis, the quantum yield of TBPB@PVA-LCPN film based on NIR emission could be increased up to 77% compared with that of TBPB@PVA, reaching 5.3%, and the quantum yield in the NIR region could be improved to 3.6%. The results of response surface analysis are consistent with the phenomenon of our proposed strategy, which can inspire the production of organic materials with NIR RTP emission. Together, this could inform efficient and cheap strategies for increasing the quantum yield of the doping RTP materials.

Microbial solubilization of gangue minerals and their influence on pyrite bio-oxidation

Pyrite bio-oxidation can improve the gold leaching extent of refractory gold ores, but it can also cause environmental pollution. In this work, common gangue minerals (feldspar, mica, and quartz) were studied to analyze their solubilization under industrial bio-oxidation condition and their effects on pyrite bio-oxidation. The results show that: They all have certain solubilization under bio-oxidation conditions, and the solubilization sequence is in the reduction order of feldspar, mica, quartz. They all inhibit the pyrite bio-oxidation process, and the order of inhibition is mica, quartz, and feldspar. Reasons for the inhibition include ion toxicity, pulp oppresses, passivation, and changes in microbial communities. The results of response surface analysis indicated that the interaction between feldspar and quartz was the most significant, followed by feldspar and mica, while the interaction between mica and quartz was not obvious. When the weight ratio of pyrite, feldspar, mica and quartz is 10:4:5:11, pyrite dissolves the least, while the weight ratio is 5:9:1:15, pyrite dissolves the most easily. The results provide a reference for related research and provide theoretical support and process optimization guidance for environmental protection and industrial bio-oxidation process.

Assessment of Grasp Ability for An End-effecter with Fin-ray Structure

In this article, a flexible three-finger end-effector based on fin ray effect (FRE) was performed to evaluate the ability to resist dynamic loads during apple picking. A finite element method (FEM) simulation was performed to predict the FRE gripper’s tensile force using Abaqus software. The results of response surface analysis (RSM) showed the significant effects of TPU stiffness, grasp distance and fruit size on the vertical tension of the end-effector. Moreover, there is a good correlation between the test results and the regression model. The findings in the present study provide a reference for the application of the FRE gripper in fruit harvesting.

High-efficiency separation and analysis of monosaccharides in Pueraria polysaccharides by pressurized capillary electrochromatography

Pueraria polysaccharides have been proven to possess biological activities such as bacteriostasis, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, and immunity boosting activities. The variation in the structure, composition, and amount of monosaccharides in these polysaccharides may lead to different spatial structures and biological activities. Therefore, extraction of Pueraria polysaccharides and determination of the monosaccharide composition are of great significance for activity analysis and quality control. Direct detection of saccharides is difficult because they are strongly polar and do not show absorption in the ultraviolet region. At present, the commonly used methods for saccharide detection are liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection, gas chromatography-ultraviolet detection, and mass spectrometry. Pressurized capillary electrochromatography is a high-efficiency microseparation technology. In this study, two kinds of Pueraria polysaccharides were extracted by an ultrasonic-assisted method, and response surface methodology was performed to explore the conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Pueraria. The interaction effects of four factors, the liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic extraction time, ultrasonic extraction temperature, and ultrasonic power, on the extraction rate of the polysaccharides were analyzed. By combining the optimal conditions predicted by the software and the actual equipment conditions, the optimal extraction conditions for Pueraria polysaccharides were chosen as follows:ultrasonic extraction temperature, 90℃; liquid-solid ratio of Pueraria thomsonii Benth, 20 mL/g; liquid-solid ratio of Pueraria lobata Ohwi, 40 mL/g; ultrasonic extraction time, 30 min; ultrasonic power, 180 W. Through data fitting, the multiple quadratic regression equation of the four factors on the extraction rate of Pueraria polysaccharides was established. A novel method based on pressurized capillary electrochromatography for the separation and analysis of eight neutral monosaccharides has been established. The monosaccharides were derivatized by the 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization method. The separation conditions for these monosaccharides were explored, and the buffer concentration, buffer pH, applied voltage, type of chromatographic column, and mobile phase ratio were optimized. Finally, the established pressurized capillary electrochromatography-ultraviolet detection method was applied to the detection and identification of two kinds of actual Pueraria polysaccharide samples. The results of response surface analysis showed that among the four experimental factors, ultrasonic extraction temperature had the greatest influence on the extraction rate of polysaccharides from the two kinds of Pueraria, followed by the liquid-solid ratio; the influence of the ultrasonic extraction time and ultrasonic power was relatively weak. The experimental conditions were determined as follows:the separation of eight neutral monosaccharide derivatives could be realized within 24 min on a Halo-2.7 μm core-shell C18 capillary column with acetonitrile-50 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution (18:82, v/v, pH 4.1) as the mobile phase, by detection at 250 nm under an applied voltage of-20 kV. The separation and detection speeds and the column efficiency achieved with this method were much better than those obtained with the traditional liquid chromatography method. The results show that the proposed method has a good linear relationship and good repeatability. The separation and identification results for the actual samples showed that the polysaccharides of Pueraria thomsonii Benth were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and fucose in the molar ratio 1.00:0.16:0.14:0.07. The polysaccharides of Pueraria lobata Ohwi were mainly composed of glucose and mannose in the molar ratio 1.00:0.70. This study provides a novel method for the rapid and efficient separation and detection of neutral monosaccharides, and serves as a reference for analyzing the monosaccharide composition of Pueraria polysaccharides.

Optimization of Plasma Cutting Parameters on Dimensional Accuracy and Machining Time for Low Carbon Steel

This work aims to study the influence of plasma arc cutting parameters on dimensional accuracy and machining time for mild steel (1010) material with the thickness (4 mm). Selected three cutting parameters (arc current, cutting speed, and arc distance) or the experimental work. 12 tests have been performed at each test one parameter has been changed with four various levels and other parameters are constant. The influence of the cutting parameters on response results (dimensional accuracy and machining time) have been studied and analyzed by using response surface methodology (RSM) using the second-order model and main effect plot have been generated of each parameter on response results by using ANOVA depended on results of response surface analysis. The results of the response surface analysis showed that the important influencing parameters on dimensional accuracy were cutting speed and arc current as well as on deviation of dimensional accuracy, and the machining time is further affected with the current more than the cutting speed and the standoff distance. The outcomes of response surface analysis showed that the optimal setting of the cutting parameters to obtain at high dimensional accuracy were (arc current= 110 A, cutting speed = 4000 m/min, arc distance = 2mm) and to obtain on less machining time was (arc current= 110 A, cutting speed = 4000 m/min, arc distance = 5mm).

Effects of fertilizer application on yield and fertilizer utilization of Coffea arabica in southwest dry-hot region of China under different shading levels

The fertilizer and shading management of Coffea arabica in dry-hot area is extensive, resulting in lower yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency. A field experiment was carried out to find the coupling mode of shading and fertilizer for fertilizer-saving and high yield of C. arabica in dry-hot region. Four shading levels (100% NR, 75% NR, 60% NR, 45% NR, NR was natural radiation) and four fertilizer levels (No fertilization and 666.67, 1000, 1333.33 kg·hm-2) were set to examine the effects of different radiations and fertilizer treatments on canopy structure, yield, ferti-lizer use efficiency, soil nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon of C. arabica. The results showed that canopy structure, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, soil nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon were significantly affected by shading and fertilizer treatments. Soil nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon decreased with the increases of shading levels. Soil nutrient content increased with the increases of fertilizer application, while microbial biomass carbon increased first and then decreased, with a peak at the rate of 1000 kg·hm-2(200.30 mg·kg-1). Shading and fertilizer had significant effects on the canopy structure including leaf area index and openness. There were significant negative correlations of leaf area index with openness, gap fraction, total fixed-point factor and total radiation under canopy. Results of response surface analysis and spatial analysis showed that the combination of shading level and fertilizer application were 80% NR and 666.67 kg·hm-2, 79% NR and 1286.81 kg·hm-2, 79% NR and 967.74 kg·hm-2, 82% NR and 1075.27 kg·hm-2, respectively, when partial fertilizer productivity, yield, fertilizer agronomic efficiency and yield increase of fertilizer reached the maximum. The ranges of shading and fertilizer were 68%-77% NR and 946.24-1178.79 kg·hm-2 when the yield, agronomic efficiency and yield increasing rate by fertilizer reached 80% of the maximum value. In this experiment, the optimum combination of shading level and fertilizer application was 75% NR and 1000 kg·hm-2.

Enhanced Removal of Trichloroethylene in Water Using Nano-ZnO/Polybutadiene Rubber Composites

An innovative nanoscale ZnO/polybutadiene rubber composite (ZBRC) was developed as a valid alternative to TiO2 particles or immobilized TiO2 for the mineralization of chlorinated hydrocarbons without difficulties in the recovery of nanoscale photocatalyst particles. A synergistic increase in the removal of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene (TCE) through the coupled reaction processes (i.e., sorption, photolysis, and photocatalysis) was observed because sorption of TCE to the ultraviolet(UV)-transparent polybutadiene rubber occurred, and was coupled with the heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions with nanoscale ZnO particles on the surface of ZBRC. The removal rate of TCE decreased with an increase in the initial concentration of TCE because of both inhibited generation of electron–hole pairs and deficiency of photons to activate ZnO particles. Also, the TCE removal rate increased as the loading amount of ZBRC increased. Based on satisfactory linear regressions (R2 ≥ 0.94) between the apparent degradation rate constant (Kapp) and the initial concentration vs. the ZBRC loading amount, the Kapp values can be estimated, a priori, without performing photocatalytic experiments. The removal efficiencies were more significantly affected by the changes in the initial concentration of TCE and the ZBRC loading amounts than by the changes in light intensity and pH in aqueous solutions. From the results of response surface analysis, the greater removal efficiencies of TCE were achieved with higher pH values, greater amounts of ZBRC, and greater intensity of light. Based on these results, newly-developed ZBRC with both high removal efficiency and low cost performs as a valid alternative to TiO2 particles or immobilized TiO2 for the mineralization of chlorinated hydrocarbons in various environmental and industrial matrices.

반응표면분석법에 의한 탄소포집 활성 고로슬래그 모르타르의 최적배합 도출에 관한 연구

PURPOSES : In this study blast furnace slag, an industrial byproduct, was used with an activating chemicals, and for carbon capture and sequestration as well as strength development. METHODS : This paper presents the optimized mixing design of Carbon-Capturing and Sequestering Activated Blast-Furnace Slag Mortar. Design of experiments in order to the optimized mixing design was applied and commercial program (MINITAB) was used. Statistical analysis was used to Box-Behnken (B-B) method in response surface analysis. RESULTS : The influencing factors of experimental are water ratio, Chemical admixture ratio and Curing temperature. In the results of response surface analysis, to obtain goal performance, the optimized mixing design for Carbon-Capturing and Sequestering Activated Blast-Furnace Slag Mortar were water ratio 40%, Chemical admixture ratio 58.78% and Curing temperature of . CONCLUSIONS : Compared with previous studies of this experiment is to some extent the optimal combination is expected to be reliable.

아라미드 종이의 특성에 대한 표면 개질 과정 조건의 영향

Surface modification of meta-aramid fibers was performed by phosphoric acid treatment. Surface morphology and element composition of untreated and treated fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Effects of surface modification on the mechanical strength of aramid papers made from meta-aramid fibers and fibrid were investigated. Surface modification conditions were optimized by response sur- face analysis (RSA). Results show that phosphoric acid treatment increases the surface roughness and oxygen content of aramid fibers. They improve the interface bonding strength between aramid fibers and fibrid, which improves the tensile strength of aramid papers. The results of response surface analysis indicate that the tensile strength of aramid papers increases by 47.5% and reaches the maximum when meta-aramid fibers are treated with 21.1wt% phosphoric acid solu- tion at 39.3 o C for 36.7 min.

Enzymatical hydrolysis of food waste and ethanol production from the hydrolysate

The aim of present paper was to investigate the prospect for the use of food waste, an important municipal waste, as a potential substrate to generate hydrolysates for fuel ethanol production. The critical variables that affected reducing sugar production from food waste were identified by Plackett–Burman design (glucoamylase loud, time, temperature and pH) and further optimized by using a four factor central composite design of response surface methodology. According to the results of response surface analysis, the optimum conditions for reducing sugar production were determined to be glucoamylase loud of 142.2 u/g, saccharification pH of 4.82, enzyme reaction temperature of 55 °C, enzyme reaction time of 2.48 h. Reducing sugar production (164.8 g/L) in the optimized condition was in good agreement with the value predicted by the quadratic model (164.3 g/L), thereby confirming its validity. Furthermore, the obtained liquid phase of food waste hydrolysate was utilized for production of ethanol by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae H058 fermentation. In order to develop an economical process for transforming food waste hydrolysates to ethanol, non-sterilized and sterilized processes were compared in the experiments. The result shows non-sterilized fermentation without undergoing heat treatment was better due to the unspoiled nutrients inside. These results helped to find the effective strategies to utilize food waste for ethanol production.

반응표면분석법에 따른 경량기포콘크리트 최적배합 도출에 관한 연구

이 논문에서는 과산화수소를 사용한 경량기포콘크리트의 최적배합비를 제안하고 있다. 최적배합을 도출하기 위해 상용프로그램인 MINITAB을 사용하여 실험계획법을 적용하였다. 통계적 분석방법은 반응표면분석법 중 하나인 Box Behnken(B-B)계획법으로 하였다. 실험시 고려한 영향인자로는 단위시멘트량, 물시멘트비, 과산화수소비를 설정하였다. 분산분석에 따르면 경화상태에서 경량기포콘크리트의 물시멘트비와 과산화수소비는 절건밀도, 압축강도, 휨강도에 유의차가 있고, 단위시멘트량은 절건밀도에만 유의차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반응표면분석의 결과에서 과산화수소를 사용한 경량기포콘크리트의 최적배합비는 단위시멘트량 800 kg/m3, 물시멘트비 44.33%, 과산화수소비 10%로 도출되었다.

통계적 방법에 의한 바텀애쉬를 사용한 경량기포 콘크리트의 최적배합 결정

석탄의 수요증가와 소비는 석탄의 이용과정에서 생성되는 고형페기물의 처리와 관련된 문제들을 증대시켰다. 석탄 부산물의 주요한 이용은 건설과 관련돼 적용되었다. 석탄부산물의 하나인 플라이애쉬는 폐기물 재활용 생산의 일부분으로 설명될 수 있기 때문에, 과학적인 조사의 대다수는 많은 사용에서 플라이애쉬의 활용에 관하여 초점이 맞춰졌다. 반면에, 바텀애쉬의 재활용에 관해서는 관심을 기울이지 않았다. 이러한 소홀함의 결과로서, 많은 양의 바텀애 쉬가 처리장에 쌓여왔다. 따라서, 바텀애쉬의 적당한 이용을 위한 안전하고 경제적인 해결을 얻기 위한 필요성이 좀 더 긴급하게 되었다. 논문에 나타낸 연구는 오토클레이브 경량기포콘크리트를 제조하기 위해 사용된 바텀애쉬의 성능 특성을 확인하기 위해 계획되었다. 실험실 측정 결과, 토버모라이트는 수열합성반응을 위한 재료로서 바텀애쉬가 사용되었을 때 생성되는 것으로 나타났다. 분산분석에 따른 결과로서, 기포슬러리의 굳지 않은 상태에서 물비는 플로우와 슬러리의 밀도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만, 기포비는 슬러리의 밀도에만 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 굳은 상태에서에서 기포비는 경량기포콘크리트의 절건밀도와 압축강도에 영향을 끼쳤지만 휨강도와 인장강도에는 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 반응표면분석의 결과에서, 목표성능을 얻기 위한, 바텀애쉬를 사용한 경량기포콘크리트의 최적배합조건은 물비 70~80%, 기포비 90~100%로 나타났다.