Qualitative Test Results Research Articles

Isolasi, Karakterisasi, dan Uji Antioksidan Fungi Endofit dari Tanaman Batang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.,)

Endophytic fungi live in mutualistic symbiosis and can produce secondary metabolites similar to their host. This research aims to isolate, characterize, and test the antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites from turmeric stems. This research is experimental research where the method used for endophytic fungi isolation is the direct planting method, and antioxidant activity is tested using qualitative and quantitative methods with DPPH (1.1-diphenyl-2-picylhydrazyl). One fungal isolate was obtained with the fungal isolate code (BK). Based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization, the BK fungal isolate indicates the Deuteromycota class's characteristics. The qualitative antioxidant test results indicate that the fraction of BK endophytic fungal isolate indicates antioxidant activity, indicated by the yellow color against a purple background on the TLC plate observed under visible light. The respective ICso values for the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions were 52.989 µg/ml and 89.725 µg/ml, categorized as strong antioxidants. The methanol fraction had an ICso value of 119.02 µg/ml, categorized as moderate, while the pure supernatant fraction had an ICso value of 156.86 µg/ml, categorized as weak antioxidant activity.

UJI KUALITATIF ALKOHOL URINE PEMINUM TUAK DALAM MENGETAHUI WAKTU SAMPLING YANG TEPAT

In making a diagnosis of the influence of alcohol on urine for a crime and the occurrence of traffic accidents, it is necessary to take the right sampling time. The influencing factor in determining the results of toxicological analysis is the time of sampling. In addition, another factor to consider when detecting alcohol in urine is the time of last consumption. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate urine sampling time for alcohol consumption. The method used in this urine alcohol qualitative test uses the modified 2.5% potassium bichromate method in 50% H2SO4. The sample consisted of 10 respondents who drank palm wine after 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours of consumption. The qualitative test results of urine drinkers of palm wine drinkers after 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours of consuming. 10 respondents obtained the results of 4 positive urine samples 1 hour after consuming and 2 positive urine samples 3 hours after consuming palm wine, as well as sampling in the 2nd hour the test results were negative. The positive test results depended on the habit of consuming, the volume consumed, and the age of the wine drinker.

Newly Isolated Ligninolytic Bacteria and Its Applications for Multiple Dye Degradation

The textile industry is expanding globally and is considered the backbone of the world’s largest source of foreign exchange. The development of the textile industry has caused environmental contamination due to its dye waste, which is complex and very difficult to resolve with chemical and physical treatments. Azo dye is one of the most widely used dyes in textile and other industries. It is one of the significantly toxic dyes, and when released in water bodies, it causes a serious threat to the environment. A bacterial strain having the potential to degrade a variety of azo dyes such as Congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB), Alizarin Red S (AR), and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) was isolated from soil samples in the wood weathering area and further identified and characterized. Ligninolytic microorganisms produce laccase enzymes, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and other enzymes that can decolorize dye waste from the textile industry. The research phase was qualitative and quantitative tests of ligninolytic bacteria in the decolorization process using several selected synthetic dyes, antagonism tests, and identification of potential bacteria based on 16S rDNA gene sequences. The L11 isolate showed high performance on CR dye of 82.79%, L1 isolate on dye AR of 40.51%, L7 isolate on dye MB of 38.69%, and L8 isolate on RBBR dye of 30.34%. The L11 isolate with the highest potency was identified as Bacillus paramycoides K7.2 with a similarity of 99.71%. After 7 days of incubation, the quantitative test findings are the same as the qualitative test results, with isolate L11 having the largest clear zone on CR, AR, and RBBR dyes.

Epidemiology and outcomes of post-AKI proteinuria.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with increased risks of new-onset and worsening proteinuria. However, epidemiologic data for post-AKI proteinuria was still lacking. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors and clinical correlations of post-AKI proteinuria among hospitalized patients. This study was conducted in a multicenter cohort including patients aged 18-100 years with hospital-acquired AKI (HA-AKI) hospitalized at 19 medical centers throughout China. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-AKI proteinuria. Secondary outcomes included AKI recovery and kidney disease progression. The results of both quantitative and qualitative urinary protein tests were used to define post-AKI proteinuria. Cox proportional hazard model with stepwise regression was used to determine the risk factors for post-AKI proteinuria. Of 6206 HA-AKI patients without proteinuria at baseline, 2102 (33.9%) had new-onset proteinuria, whereas of 5137 HA-AKI with baseline proteinuria, 894 (17.4%) had worsening proteinuria after AKI. Higher AKI stage and preexisting CKD diagnosis were risk factors for new-onset proteinuria and worsening proteinuria, whereas treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors was associated with an 11% lower risk of incident proteinuria. About 60% and 75% of patients with post-AKI new-onset and worsening proteinuria, respectively, recovered within 3 months. Worsening proteinuria was associated with a lower incidence of AKI recovery and a higher risk of kidney disease progression. Post-AKI proteinuria is common and usually transient among hospitalized patients. The risk profiles for new-onset and worsening post-AKI proteinuria differed markedly. Worsening proteinuria after AKI was associated with adverse kidney outcomes, which emphasized the need for close monitoring of proteinuria after AKI.

High-quality, customizable heuristics for RNA 3D structure alignment.

Tertiary structure alignment is one of the main challenges in the computer-aided comparative study of molecular structures. Its aim is to optimally overlay the 3D shapes of two or more molecules in space to find the correspondence between their nucleotides. Alignment is the starting point for most algorithms that assess structural similarity or find common substructures. Thus, it has applications in solving a variety of bioinformatics problems, e.g. in the search for structural patterns, structure clustering, identifying structural redundancy, and evaluating the prediction accuracy of 3D models. To date, several tools have been developed to align 3D structures of RNA. However, most of them are not applicable to arbitrarily large structures and do not allow users to parameterize the optimization algorithm. We present two customizable heuristics for flexible alignment of 3D RNA structures, geometric search (GEOS), and genetic algorithm (GENS). They work in sequence-dependent/independent mode and find the suboptimal alignment of expected quality (below a predefined RMSD threshold). We compare their performance with those of state-of-the-art methods for aligning RNA structures. We show the results of quantitative and qualitative tests run for all of these algorithms on benchmark sets of RNA structures. Source codes for both heuristics are hosted at https://github.com/RNApolis/rnahugs.

Potensi Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) sebagai Kandidat Fungisida Nabati Penghambat Pertumbuhan Cendawan Patogen Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

The attack of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungus causes losses to farmers. The prolonged use of synthetic fungicides to treat this fungus harms the environment and consumers. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) contain antioxidant compounds that act as antifeedants, contact poisons, and stomach poisons for plant pests and can potentially become a vegetable fungicide as a growth inhibitor for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in postharvest horticulture. This study used a multilevel extraction method with solvents of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 95% ethanol. Tests for the content of secondary metabolites of soursop leaf extract in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins were carried out qualitatively and quantitatively using a UV-Vis Shimadzu 1800 spectrophotometer. The inhibition test of the extract against the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was carried out using disc paper soaked with soursop leaf extract for a certain time. The qualitative test results of soursop leaf extract showed that it contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The fungal inhibition zone test showed the most optimal results on soursop leaf extract with a long extraction time of 144 hours and a content of 50%, indicated by the largest diameter of the inhibition zone against the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, namely 1.7 cm.

Efektivitas Gel Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Anggrek Oncidium (Oncidium Aliceara alice) terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Kulit Dorsum Tikus Sprague Dawley

Wounds are tissue damage that is generally caused by physical contact. Wound healing is a complex mechanism involving biochemical and biocellular processes. Various therapies can be done to speed up the wound healing process, one of which is treatment using natural ingredients. One of the plants that have the potential to heal wounds is Oncidium Aliceara alice. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical content of Oncidium Aliceara alice and its activity in wound healing when it is formulated in a gel form. This research is experimental research with extraction stages, phytochemical assay, gel formulations, quality test, and wound healing activity tests in animals. The gel formulation was made with various concentrations of Oncidium Aliceara alice extract 2.5%, 5% and 10%. Male Sprague Dawley rats were given an incision wound on the dorsum of the longitudinal axis along 3 cm. Wound care by administering topical Bioplacenton as a positive control, base gel as a negative control, and gel extract concentration variants according to each treatment group. Based on the research, the results of qualitative phytochemical tests showed that the 70% ethanol extract of Oncidium Aliceara alice contains flavonoids (catechins), tannins, steroids, and saponins. The best results were seen on the 7th day of observation for the 10% gel extract treatment group with more perfect signs of wound closure than the bioplacenton treatment.

Identifikasi Natrium Siklamat dan Karakterisasi Bobot Jenis Pada Sampel Minuman Jajanan yang Dijual di Kota Pontianak

Food additives are materials that are added in the food and beverages which has function to influence the quality and form of the food. Sodium cyclamate is one of a food additives that commonly used as a sweeteners in beverages, but the excessive and continuous use can cause dangerous effects to the body. The purpose in this study are to identify sodium cyclamate content qualitatively and to determine the density characteristics of the beverages that are sold in the Pontianak city. The method that are used in this reseacrh is descriptive non-experimental using 5 samples of beverages that are sold in the Pontianak City with purposive sampling technique. Identification of sodium cyclamate in beverages samples is carried out qualitatively using HCl, BaCl2, and NaNO2. Samples which positively contain sodium cyclamate will make white precipitate after the reaction. Characterization of the density of beverages samples is carried out using a pycnometer. The qualitative test result in this research indicate that there are 3 out of 5 samples positive containing sodium cyclamate which is samples of beverages C, D, and E. Density result in sample of beverages C, D, and E respectively are 1,0073 g/mL, 1,0075 g/mL dan 1,0086 g/mL.

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES IN COMMERCIAL YOGHURT PRODUCTS

Yogurt is a healthy drink that has thick, acidic properties and a high nutritional content. Yogurt is made by adding bacteria to milk, which naturally contains a type of sugar (carbohydrate) called lactose.Qualitative testing methods for carbohydrates are the Molisch test, the iodine test, the Benedict test, the Barfoed test, the Seliwanoff test, and the osazon test. Meanwhile, in quantitative testing using the DNS method. The results of the Molisch carbohydrate qualitative test revealed that all four samples contained glucose. Polysaccharides were discovered in the six samples during the iodine test. The six samples tested negative for glucose in Benedict's test. One out of every six samples tested positive for monosaccharides in the Barfoed test. Both samples tested positive for fructose in the Seliwanoff test. In the osazone test, all yogurt samples contained glucose. Furthermore, the following results were obtained when determining the reducing sugar content of commercial yogurt samples: E (685 mg/mL); D (568.75 mg/mL); F (501.25 mg/mL); A (373.75 mg/mL); B (310 mg/mL); and C (210 mg/mL).

DETERMINATION OF 70% Ethanol EXTRACT FLAVONOID TOTAL LEVELS BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia [Ten] Steenis) LEAVES IN PELEM VILLAGE, TANJUNGANOM, KAB. NGANJUK

Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia [Ten] Steenis) belonging to the Basellaceae family contain flavonoid compounds, saponins, and polyphenolic alkaloids. The largest secondary metabolites of phenolic compounds are flavonoids which have pharmacological effects such as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the flavonoid content of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia [Ten] Steenis) from Pelem village in 70% ethanol solvent. This study uses a pure experimental method. The extract was obtained by maceration method with 70% ethanol as solvent. The maceration process was carried out for 3 days with repeated maceration 2 times and occasionally shaking. After the viscous extract was obtained, qualitative tests were carried out for flavonoid screening and determination of flavonoid content using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The qualitative test results of 70% ethanol extract proved to contain flavonoids. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the determination of total flavonoid levels using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method was obtained at 0.1842% (w/w).

Deteksi Logam Berat Merkuri (Hg) pada Air dan Ikan Pasca Pertambangan Emas di Sungai Barito Kabupaten Barito Utara

The mining process is sometimes very complex, which can cause damage to the surrounding environment and cause pollution, such as chemical discharge and tailings from the mining process. The waste generated can pollute river water areas such as heavy metals Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Nickel, and Zinc. To detect metals, an Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) instrument is used, which is quite accurate in determining the concentration of metals at very low levels, such as elements of arsenic, antimony, lead, and mercury which can be selectively determined. Based on the qualitative test results, mercury content and levels are 0.141 mg/kg, 0.129 mg/kg, 0.025 mg/kg, 0.130 mg/kg, 0.136 mg/kg, and 0.046 mg/kg. The conclusion based on the results of mercury metal is still safe within the limits of metal contamination.

PENENTUAN KADAR POLIFENOL EKSTRAK TEH KEMASAN DENGAN METODE REMASERASI MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

The purpose of this research is determine the polyphenol content of various brand of packaged tea. Sample were used five sample. Polyphenol compounds of packaged tea were extracted using remaseration method with ethanol 70%. Qualitative test were used using FeCl3 reagent and quantitative test polyphenol content were determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method with Folin Ciocalteau reagent. Galic acid was used as comparator in this research. The result of qualitative test is all sample of brewed tea containing polyphenol. Polyphenol content sample A, B, C, D, and E with remaseration method were respectively 0,541; 0,557; 0,474; 0,557; and 0,428%(b/b).

ANALISIS POLIFENOL EKSTRAK TEH TUBRUK KEMASAN MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

The purpose of this research is determine the polyphenol content of brewed tea. Sample were used three sample. Polyphenol compounds of packaged tea were extracted using percolation method with ethanol 70%. Qualitative test were used using FeCl3 reagent and quantitative test polyphenol content were determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method with Folin Ciocalteau reagent. Galic acid was used as comparator in this research. The result of qualitative test is all sample of packaged tea containing polyphenol. Polyphenol content sample A, B, and C, with peercolation method were respectively 0,538; 0,554; and 0,470; %b/b.

Public Perception of Bicycle Tax as a Source of Original Regional Income in DIY Province’s Budget

Bicycles are an alternative transportation as well as a means of exercising. Starting in May 2020 the public interest in cycling has increased. This has been seen since the Covid-19 pandemic. In the past, bicycle taxes were a source of Regional Cash Income, which is now known as Regional Original Income (PAD). The bicycle tax has the potential to increase PAD. This study aims to test and analyze how the public's perception of the bicycle tax as a source of PAD in the DIY Provincial APBD. The method used is a mixed method, namely testing quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative testing uses variables of knowledge (cognition) and experience with perceptions using descriptive statistical analysis tools and correlation tests. The qualitative method uses descriptive analysis tools with a codification model on the interview transcripts. The data was collected through filling out a questionnaire (google form) and interviews. The quantitative test results show that most respondents have a deal perception that bicycle tax can be used as a source of PAD in the DIY Provincial APBD. Meanwhile, the qualitative test results show that: (1) bicycle users should be appreciated for reducing carbon emissions; (2) it is necessary to improve the governance of local tax collection because it is not optimal yet; (3) regions must increase transparency and accountability in APBD management; and (4) enhancing the human resources of regional tax officials must be carried out, in order to explore the potential that can increase PAD.

Application of the Evidence MultiSTAT benchtop analyser to the fast (under 30 minutes), simultaneous, semi-quantitative determination of 29 drugs of abuse from one urine sample

Biochip array technology allows for simultaneous screening of multiple drugs of abuse from a single human specimen and applied to the fully automated benchtop analyser Evidence MultiSTAT, provides rapid test results. Current technology compares the signal output of a sample to that of a cut-off, reporting a qualitative test result. Further advancement of the Evidence MultiSTAT technology allows a semi-quantitative result to be generated. Embedded software, preloaded with multiple calibration curves for each drug target, selects an optimal calibration curve by running two adjuster levels. Additionally, the software allows a user defined cut-off concentration to be selected enabling two samples to be analysed in parallel in under 30 minutes. The MultiSTAT DOA ToxPlex Urine array reports semi-quantitative test results for 29 drug targets simultaneously from a single sample. Simultaneous competitive chemiluminescent immunoassays ( n = 29) were employed. The assays were applied to the Evidence MultiSTAT biochip analyser, which processes a self-contained cartridge comprising all the components required for the assays. The system software selects the optimal calibration for each drug target from the database and processes and reports the multiple semi-quantitative results generated. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) presents the sample concentration for the 29 drug targets, the user defined cut-off concentration and whether the sample is classified as positive or negative in comparison to the selected cut-off. Inter-Assay Precision and Recovery performance were evaluated; three samples (−50%, cut-off and +50% samples) were assayed in triplicate per run for a total of 5 runs, n = 15. Resulting CVs were < 20% and recovery to target was within 70–130% for all 29 assays, confirming the suitability of the new semi-quantitative functionality. Application of the fully automated Evidence MultiSTAT allows for fast (under 30 minutes) semi-quantitative determination of 29 drug targets. The multiple results generated are displayed in an easy to visualise tabulated format and the system has the capacity to store and archive the results produced, which greatly aids accurate drug screening.

Anti-Cancer Activity Testing of Cumin (Plectranthus Amboinicus) Ethanol Extract Against Artemia Salina Leach by Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method

The purpose of this study was to determine the anticancer activity of cumin leaf extract (Plectranthus amboinicus), which was applied using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method to determine the level of acute toxicity (LC50) of the extract against Artemia salina LEACH larvae. Cumin leaf samples were extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol. The cumin leaf extract was then tested qualitatively and quantitatively. Toxicity testing used concentrations of 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 2500 ppm, which were given to Artemia salina LEACH larvae for 24 hours. Calculate the LC50 value in this study using probit analysis. The results of qualitative and quantitative testing showed the presence of saponins by 5.20%, tannins by 8.21%, flavonoids by 23.93%, and alkaloids by 4.37%. The results of the acute toxicity test of the extract using the BSLT method showed that there was anticancer activity with the acquisition of LC50 of 1000 ppm, which was 697.99 ppm.

Qualitative fit test outcomes for N95 filtering facepiece respirators in health care workers

BackgroundWe analyzed the qualitative fit test results of the filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) used at our institution to determine their performance and utility. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 12,582 qualitative fit testing results for several FFR models among 8,809 health care workers (HCWs). ResultsThe overall failure rate for HCWs was 15.2%. Nearly one-third (2933/8809, 33.3%) had multiple FFRs fit tested. HCW sex was a statistically significant indicator of fit testing failure (χ2 = 29.9, df = 1, P < .001), with women having a 44% higher likelihood (OR, 1.4; 95% CI: 1.27–1.65) than men. There were statistically significant differences in the failure rate across FFRs (Fig 4, F[5, 12475] = 8.4, P < .001). Fluidshield 46867S had a significantly higher failure rate (49%) than the 3M 1860 (P = .012), 3M 1860S (P < .001), 3M 8210 (P < .001), and Safelife (P < .001) FFRs. ConclusionsThere was a large degree of variation in fit testing results for the FFRs tested. Although we were unable to find an FFR that fit more than 95% of the HCWs successfully, we identified poorly functioning FFRs that can help our institution with decision-making and budgeting for acquisition and stocking appropriate FFRs.

The Effect of Interactive Video Use on Early Childhood Cognitive Ability

This study aims to determine the effect of using interactive video on the cognitive abilities of early childhood in Bukittinggi City. The research method used is the Mixed Method with the type of research Sequential Explanatory Design, with the first testing phase using quantitative methods and then deepening with qualitative methods. Data collection techniques for quantitative data using questionnaires and qualitative data with observations and interviews. Quantitative testing was carried out with Pearson's product moment while qualitative data testing was carried out by data triangulation. The results of the coefficient test indicate that between the independent variable and the dependent variable there is a strong and positive and significant relationship between the use of interactive videos on early childhood math skills. The results of qualitative tests from observations and interviews conducted showed that the use of interactive videos was very effective in influencing early childhood math skills. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant effect between the use of interactive videos on the math skills of early childhood in Bukittinggi City.

Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica)

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease caused by a disruption of the pancreas in producing insulin. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) organization identified ten countries that have the highest cases of Diabetes Mellitus. Indonesia is ranked 7th out of 10 countries and is the only Southeast Asian country included in the list. Prevention of diabetes mellitus is a solution that must be done to reduce cases of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia., one of which is by consuming vegetables that have antidiabetic activity. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the activity of kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) extract in reducing glucose levels. Methods: The qualitative test results showed that the kale extract contained positive flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins and phenols. The antidiabetic activity test was carried out using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the Nelson Somogyi method. This test is carried out at the 25th minute operating time and a maximum λ of 745 nm. Results: The decrease in glucose levels in kale extract concentration of 4 ppm was 2.23% ± 0.46, 6 ppm of 16.47% ± 0.27.8 ppm of 30.62% ± 0.46, 10 ppm of 41.88 ± 0.27, 12 ppm of 55.50 ± 0.20. The concentration of kale extract in reducing glucose up to 50% (EC50) was 11.13 ppm. Conclusion: Kale extract (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) can reduce glucose levels or have antidiabetic activity.

KANDUNGAN SIKLAMAT PADA MINUMAN ES CENDOL

Cyclamate is an artificial sweetener that is often added to drinks and food. In trade, cyclamate is known by the trade names assugrin, sucaryl, sucrose or sarimanis. The negative effects caused by sodium cyclamate are not immediate, it may have to wait two or thirty years later. The effects include increasing the potential for obesity, dental disorders, learning disorders, emotions, and mental health. testicular wasting and chromosomal damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence or absence of cyclamate content in cendol ice. The examination was carried out at the Amami Chemistry Laboratory, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Medan, Department of Health Analyst using a qualitative test, namely the color test (deposition) with a total sample of 7 samples taken from cendol ice drink traders. Based on the qualitative test results obtained from 7 samples, 4 positive samples contained cyclamate. By knowing the presence of cyclamate content, it is hoped that producers will use food additives that do not have a negative effect on consumer health. Based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 033/2012 artificial sweeteners are only intended for low-energy products or for people with diabetes mellitus and not for general let alone especially for children