One-way ANOVA Test Results Research Articles

The effect of Pangium edule (kluwek) extract on the discoloration of resin composite microhybrids: an experimental laboratory

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Composite resin is a restoration material that is often used because it has high aesthetic value. Hybrid composite resins are currently one of the most popular materials for aesthetic restoration. This is due to several advantages, including low shrinkage, low abrasion, and better surface smoothness than small-particle composite resins. Pangium edule is a spice used in a variety of dishes, including rawon, brongkos vegetables, and konro soup. Apart from its function as a flavouring, Pangium edule also makes food browner in color. This Kluwekstudy aims to analyze the effect of Pangium edule extract on the discoloration of resin composite microhybrids. Methods: Type of research is experimental laboratory use of 24 microfiller hybrid resin composite specimens with a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 2 mm were used. The 24 specimens were divided into three groups based on their soaking time: 1 day, 3 days and 5 days, to see any color changes. Each treatment time group consisted of 8 specimens soaked in the Pangium edule solution. The Vita Easy Shade tool was used to verify color change measurements. Analyzed data using the one-way Anova test Results: The one-way Anova test findings revealed a significant difference (p=0.000) in the color change of composite resin that was soaked in Pangium edule solution for one, three, and five days. Conclusion: The change in the color of microhybrid composite resin soaked in Pangium edule solution for 1 day, 3 days and 5 days can cause color changes, especially in the hue value.KEYWORDSdiscoloration, resin composite microhybrid, Pangium edule

Differences in the Implementation of Physical Education (PE) Learning Management Based on Years of Work: Analysis of Differences in the Quality of Quality Assurance Culture

Abstract. This research aims to determine the implementation of Physical Education (PE) learning management related to 21st-century skills based on the service length of PE teachers in various schools with different quality assurance cultures. The sample in this study was secondary school PE teachers in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This research employed descriptive statistics and inferential factorial one-way Anova to analyze the data. One-way Anova test results in Sig. 0.009 < 0.05 means a significant difference in the average of the three PE learning outcomes between teachers with work periods of 1-7, 8-15, and 16 years or more. Firstly, the Tukey post hoc test Sig value is 0.024 < 0.05, meaning there is a difference in PE learning outcomes between 1-7 and 8-15 years of service. Testing the two Sig values ​​is 0.983 > 0.05, meaning there is no difference in PE learning outcomes for working years 1-7 and 16 years and above. Test the three Sig values. 0.016 < 0.05, so there is a difference in PE learning outcomes between 8-15 and 16 years of service. This research concludes a significant difference in the average PE learning achievement between teachers with tenure of 1-7, 8-15, and 16 years or over. Thus, it can be concluded that the service length of PE teachers influences the effectiveness of implementing learning management containing 21st-century skills. Teaching experience plays a role in implementing teaching methods and techniques that suit the demands of 21st-century skills, including critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity. This underlines the importance of continuous professional development for teachers, especially in improving teaching skills relevant to the student's needs in the current era of the 21st century. The results of this research can assist policymakers, school administrators, and teachers in designing and implementing more effective PE programs in classroom conditions and prioritizing needs according to the conditions of each school.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIC MATERIAL CONTENT IN SEDIMENTS AND THE ABUNDANCE OF EPIPELIC DIATOMS IN THE INTERTIDAL ZONE OF THE WATERS OF DUMAI CITY, RIAU PROVINCE

This research was conducted in March 2023, located in Koneng Beach, Dumai City. The purpose of this study was to determine the organic matter content and abundance of epipelic diatoms vertically and to analyze the relationship between the organic matter content in sediments and the abundance of epipelic diatoms vertically in the intertidal area of Dumai City Waters. The method used is the survey method. The sampling point is determined using a purposive sampling method. Sampling of epipelic diatoms was carried out using a modified corer, which was then brought to the laboratory to identify and calculate the abundance of diatoms and the sediment samples to calculate the content of organic matter and sediment fractions. Water quality measurements accompanied sampling with a brightness value of 0.57 m, temperature of 33 °C, current speed of 0.33 m/s, salinity of 28 ppt, and pH of 8.13. The results of the analysis of organic matter are 2.55 – 13.38%. The results of the sediment fraction analysis show that the research location is dominated by sandy silt. Nineteen genera of epipelic diatoms were found in the waters of Koneng Beach, Dumai City, with abundance values between 5,291–39,983 ind/cm2. The one-way ANOVA test results obtained an average value of 0.000, meaning there is a significant difference in the abundance of epipelic diatoms between the sediment layers. The results of the linear regression test showed that the effect of sediment organic matter on the abundance of epipelic diatoms was 50.85%.

Estimating Fuel Consumption of an Agricultural Robot by Applying Machine Learning Techniques during Seeding Operation

The integration of agricultural robots in precision farming plays a pivotal role in tackling the pressing demands of minimizing energy usage, enhancing productivity, and maximizing crop yield to meet the needs of an expanding global population and depleting non-renewable resources. Evaluating the energy expenditure is vital when assessing agricultural machinery systems. Through the reduction of fuel consumption, operational costs can be curtailed while simultaneously minimizing the overall environmental footprint left by these machines. Accurately calculating fuel usage empowers farmers to make well-informed decisions about their farming operations, resulting in more sustainable and productive methods. In this study, the ASABE model was applied to predict the fuel consumption of the studied robot. Results show that the ASABE model can predict the fuel consumption of the robot with an average error equal to 27.5%. Moreover, different machine-learning techniques were applied to develop an effective and novel model for estimating the fuel consumption of an agricultural robot. The proposed GPR model (gaussian process regression) considers four operational features of the studied robot: total operational time, total traveled distance, automatic working distance, and automatic turning distance. The GPR model with four features, considering hyperparameter optimization, showed the best performance (R-squared validation = 0.93, R-squared test = 1.00) among other models. Furthermore, three different ML methods (gradient boosting, random forest, and XGBoost) were considered in this study and compared with the developed GPR model. The results show that the GPR model outperformed the mentioned models. Moreover, the one-way ANOVA test results revealed that the predicted values from the GPR model and observation do not have significantly different means. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the traveled distance and the total time have a significant correlation with the fuel consumption of the studied robot.

Testing the Antidepressant Activity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) In Vitro Using the Forced Swimming Test (FST) Method

Antidepressants are a therapy used for depression sufferers with the aim of reducing symptoms, minimizing side effects and returning them to their original condition. Treatment of depression requires safe and effective therapy to prevent severity. Currently, there are many plants that have potential as antidepressants, such as fennel. The method that can be used to evaluate the effect of antidepressants is the forced swimming test (FST). 24 mice were divided into 8 groups and each group was treated with amitriptyline as a positive control, Na-CMC 0.5% as negative control and fennel infusion as test sample. The data obtained consisted of duration of immobility, climbing, and swimming which was then analyzed using SPSS with the one-way ANOVA test. The results of one-way ANOVA test for immobility, climbing, and swimming time showed that sig. values sequencely are 0.03, 0.006, and 0.016 (P< 0.05). It means that immobility, climbing, and swimming time have significant differences between group of control and treatment.

The Effect of Giving Butterfly Pea Flower Extract (Clitoria ternatea) on Reducing Cholesterol Levels and Histopathological Features of White Rat Testes (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Male Obesity Model

Obesity is a global, non-communicable condition that causes male infertility. Obesity impacts spermatogenesis and male fertility. Butterfly pea blossoms (Clitoria ternatea) contain antioxidants that fight free radicals and prevent obesity. This research looked at how butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria ternatea) affected cholesterol levels, testicular function, and the histopathology of the testicles of obese male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research is quantitative and uses a lab or actual experiment. The 24 test mice were randomly divided into four groups. The research data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 for Windows. The normality test significance is 0.577. One-way ANOVA test results demonstrate 0.000 or greater than 0.05 significance. LSD post-hoc test values. The control and treatment groups 1–3 differed significantly (p = 0.000). No change was seen between treatment groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.088). The research found butterfly pea flower extract therapy (Clitoria ternatea) at 400mg and 600 mg/kgBW lowers cholesterol. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids reduce cholesterol and improve testicular function in obese white rats.

The Effect of Binahong Leaf Extract on Reducing Cholesterol and Histopathological Features in the Liver

Being overweight or obese raises your risk of elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, and fatty liver. The liver is crucial to metabolic regulation. Essential to preserve liver health. Maintaining your diet, exercising, and eating antioxidants are all options. Many plants contain antioxidants, like Binahong (Anredera cordifolia). This study examines how Binahong leaf extract reduces cholesterol and improves liver function in high-fat-fed Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) and their liver histology. An actual experiment or laboratory experimental study is quantitative. 24 Wistar rats were sampled. Binahong leaf extract was the independent variable, cholesterol levels liver histological features were the dependent variable, and a high-fat diet was the precondition. The test animals were put into four groups: control, groups 2, 3, and 4 with Binahong leaf extract at 30mg/BW, 50mg/BW, and 70mg/BW. SPSS normality, homogeneity, and ANOVA tests. If p > 0.05, research results are generally distributed with 0.200 significance. Significant homogeneity was 0.176 > 0.05. Effective One-Way ANOVA test results (0.000 or <0.05). Post Hoc LSD test analysis yielded important values of 0.000.0001 and 0.024 < 0.05. The phytochemical test found flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and tannins in Binahong leaf extract. Binahong leaf extract at 70 mg/BW reduced cholesterol, body weight, and LDL in hypercholesterolemic male white mice best. The study found that Binahong leaf extract's secondary metabolites—flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and tannins—reduce cholesterol, LDL, and body weight in Wistar strain white rats (Rattus Norvegicus) with hypercholesterolemia.

The impact of coercive and assertive communication styles on children's perception of chores: an experimental investigation.

This article presents the findings of an experimental study aimed at investigating the impact of coercive and assertive communication on children's emotional responses and behavioral tendencies within parent-child interactions. The study tested four hypotheses related to children's feelings, personalization bias, the need to express their point of view, and the desire to retreat to their room alone. Short audio stimuli recorded by a female assistant, representing a mother addressing her child, were utilized to create five different communication situations. The experimental procedure involved participants listening to the audio stimuli and answering related questions. The study included 123 participants between the ages of 9 and 13, with an equal gender distribution. The results of One-Way ANOVA tests indicated significant differences among the four types of communication in terms of unpleasant feelings, personalization bias, listening to a personal point of view, and retreating into a personal room. The findings suggest that coercive communication elicited more negative emotional responses and stronger tendencies toward personalization bias, expressing personal opinions, and seeking solitude compared to assertive communication. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of promoting positive and respectful communication strategies in parent-child relationships to foster children's emotional well-being and healthy behavioral development.

Test Of The Effectiveness Of Giving Aloe Vera Extract In Reducing Cholesterol In Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) With Hypercholesterolemia

Obesity prevention can be done with diet and exercise. Since plasma cholesterol levels are associated with diabetes, public interest in diabetes treatment in foods and herbal medicines has increased dramatically. This research wants to confirm and maximize topical plant treatment and diabetes medication benefits. This study employs a lab experiment. Aloe vera was examined for cholesterol-lowering capacity in hypercholesterolemic male Wistar rats (Rattus Norwegian) utilizing a pre-test-post-test control group. Aloe vera extract (Aloe vera) reduces cholesterol, body weight, and LDL in hypercholesterolemia-afflicted male Wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus). One-way ANOVA test results show a significant value of 0.000 or less than 0.05. These statistics show a substantial difference between the control and treatment groups. This study's Post Hoc LSD test analysis indicated significance values of 0.000 and 0.018 or less than 0.05, indicating that all groups differed. Aloe vera extract reduces LDL significantly, and the group with a concentration of 4.5% reduced LDL levels more than the other groups in Wistar male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) with hypercholesterolemia.

The Sustainability Literacy of Students: A Comparative Study between Turkey and the UK

In recent years, the sustainability literacy has become crucial for building more sustainable future. In this regard, a shift toward sustainability requires literate society on sustainability issues at global scale. Thus, the current study aims to detect the status of sustainability literacy of British and Turkish students. The study was conducted as a survey research with university students in the UK and Turkey within the context of a project that was supported by TUBITAK (Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Organization) and entitled “Ecological literacy education”. The participants (n: 1023) of the study are students attending several departments of Plymouth University in the UK and Mugla Sitki Kocman University in Turkey. The data were collected by using the Scala of Sustainability Literacy and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests at SPSS 22. The findings show that the participants’ sustainability literacy varies significantly depending on their sustainability attitude (SA), sustainability behavior (SB), sustainability knowledge (SK). Besides, the results of t- test analysis indicate that the participants exhibit different tendencies depending on the variables nationality, gender and place. On the other hand, the results of One-way ANOVA-Test revealed that the participants’ sustainability literacy varies depending on the department attended.

Approximate Entropy and Velocity of Center of Pressure to Determine Postural Stability: A Pilot Study

The body’s postural control system is responsible for responding to perturbations of balance and keeping the body upright. During quiet standing, the center of pressure oscillates about the center of mass, counteracting imbalances. These oscillations can be analyzed to determine the degree of stability, which could be helpful in quantifying the effects of brain injuries. In this research, the center of pressure was recorded for stances with feet together and feet tandem, with eyes opened and eyes closed, in neurotypical participants. These signals were analyzed using indices of approximate entropy and velocity to determine how sensitive the measures were in tracking changes to stability levels. One-way ANOVA test results showed increased approximate entropy in anterior/posterior and medial/lateral directions (p = 1.21 × 10−11, 3 × 10−14) and increased velocity in both directions (p = 2.87 × 10−6, 4.87 × 10−7) during conditions with decreased stability. Dunnett’s post hoc testing indicated that approximate entropy was significantly greater in all the less stable feet tandem trials in comparison to the most stable eyes open, feet together condition with p < 0.001 in nearly every participant and that velocity was significantly greater in the least stable eyes closed, feet tandem trials in comparison to the most stable condition with p < 0.01 in nearly every participant.

The Implementation of PBL-STEAM Equipped with JBatik Software as Learning Media to Enhance Students' Creative Thinking Skills in Designing Batik Motifs of Indonesian Local Heritage

The aim of this research is to analyze the student’s creative thinking skills under the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning Model equipped with JBatik software. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design: pretest-posttest non-equivalent group design. The research respondents consisted of two classes: the control class with 31 students and the experimental class with 29 students. The research instruments used were interviews, questionnaires, observations, and creative thinking tests. Data analysis techniques used a one-way ANOVA test, LSD post hoc test, and independent sample t-test. The one-way ANOVA test results showed a sig value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant influence of applying the Problem-Based Learning Model Integrated with Information Technology on independence. The LSD post hoc test showed a mean difference between the experimental group of 9.600 and the control group of 5.067. The results showed that based on the independent sample t-test analysis on the post-test, there was a significant difference between the control class and the experimental class. It is due to the sig (2-tailed) score is 0.002 (p = <0.05). The qualitative analysis shows all the Pearson Correlation Coefficient values are less than 0.7. Based on this, there is no significant similarity between the interviews Thus, it can be concluded that the experimental group taught using the Problem-Based Learning Model Integrated with Information Technology has a better effect on independence compared to the control group taught using the Problem-Based Learning Model-STEM.

Fracture Resistance of CAD/CAM Monolithic Zirconia Crowns Supported by Titanium and Ti-Base Abutments: The Effect of Chewing Simulation and Thermocyclic Aging.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of chewing simulation and thermocyclic aging on the fracture resistance of CAD/CAM monolithic zirconia crowns supported by titanium and Ti-base abutments. Materials and Methods: Two implant abutment groups-titanium (Ti) and titanium base (Ti-base; Medentika)-were used. A total of 40 mandibular first molar CAD/CAM monolithic zirconia crowns (Vita YZ T) were fabricated, then cemented onto the abutments with Panavia V5. Each abutment group was divided into two subgroups (n = 10). The Ti and Ti-base groups were subjected to a single load until fracture, and the Ti/CT and Ti-base/CT groups (CT: chewing simulation and thermocyclic aging) underwent chewing simulation (1.2 × 106 cycles × 50 N load, 1.4 Hz) and thermocylic aging (3,911 cycles/5°C to 55°C). The fracture resistances of the crowns were tested with a universal testing machine (1 mm/minute). Shapiro-Wilk and one-way ANOVA test were used for statistical analysis (P = .05). Results: The survival rates after chewing simulation and thermocyclic aging were 100% for both CT groups. The fracture resistance values (mean ± SD) of the groups were as follows: Ti = 1,718.18 ± 331.06 N, Ti-base = 1,713.53 ± 233.24 N, Ti/CT = 1,664.82 ± 188.62 N, and Ti-base/CT = 1,551.28 ± 344.79 N. According to one-way ANOVA test results, there was no statistically significant difference between the four groups (P = .526). Conclusion: CAD/CAM monolithic zirconia crowns supported by Ti-base or titanium abutments were found to have sufficient fracture resistance in the treatment of an absent single posterior tooth. However, more in vitro and clinical studies are required to evaluate the long-term performance of Ti-base abutments and CAD/CAM zirconia crowns.

Can Nonliterates Interact as Easily as Literates with a Virtual Reality System? A Usability Evaluation of VR Interaction Modalities

The aim of the study is twofold: to assess the usability of a virtuality (VR) interaction designed for nonliterate users in accordance with ISO-Standard 9241-11 and to compare the feasibility of two interaction modalities (motion controllers and real hands) considering the impact of VR sickness. To accomplish these goals, two levels were designed for a VR prototype application. The system usability scale (SUS) was used for self-reported satisfaction, while effectiveness and efficiency were measured based on observations and logged data. These measures were then analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, and the ones with high factor loading were selected. For this purpose, two studies were conducted. The first study investigated the effects of three independent variables on the interaction performance of a VR system, i.e., “User Type,” “Interaction Modality,” and “Use of New Technology.” The SUS results suggest that all the participants were satisfied with the application. The results of one-way ANOVA tests showed that there were no significant differences in the use of the VR application among the three selected user types. However, some measures, such as task completion time in level one, showed significant differences between user types, suggesting that nonliterate users had difficulty with the grab-and-move interaction. The results of the multivariate analysis using statistically significant variables from both ANOVA tests were also reported to verify the effect of modern technology on interactivity. The second study evaluated the interaction performance of nonliterate adults in a VR application using two independent variables: “Interaction Modality” and “Years of Technological Experience.” The results of the study showed a high level of satisfaction with the VR application, with an average satisfaction score of 90.75. The one sample T-tests indicated that the nonliterate users had difficulty using their hands as the interaction modality. The study also revealed that nonliterates may struggle with the poses and gestures required for hand interaction. The results suggest that until advancements in hand-tracking technology are made, controllers may be easier for nonliterate adults to use compared to using their hands. The results underline the importance of designing VR applications that are usable and accessible for nonliterate adults and can be used as guidelines for creating VR learning experiences for nonliterate adults.

Impact of Perceived Value of Internship on the Employability Skills of Students at University Level

Internships are a great opportunity for university students to engage in job-relevant activities and enhance their chances of employability. The purpose of thecurrent study was to explore the relationship betweenthe perceived value of internships and the employability skills of the students. The target population for this quantitative study comprisedgraduate level students fromthe government universities of Lahore, Pakistan. This study used a cross-sectional survey design. Its sample was based on 291 students selected through convenience sampling from fouruniversities in Lahore. The data wascollected through a self-administered andclosed-ended questionnaire.Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test,and one-way ANOVA test. The results of the correlation betweenthe perceived value of internship and employability skills showeda significant positive correlation between them (p<0.001).The independent sample t-testshowed that the students with higher CGPA performed better in the workplace as compared to the students with lower CGPA.The results of One-wayANOVA test indicated that the students of Human Resource Management (HRM) and Information Technology(IT) performed better in terms of acquiring employability skills as compared to the banking, finance, and marketing students.These skills are essential for job employment.It is recommended that future research studies should be conducted in other areas of experiential learning. These studieswould help to emphasizethe importance of internshipsin relationto employability skills that are directly linked to the students'job opportunities.

Effect of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Extract on Antioxidant Activity, MDA Levels, and Liver Histopathology Feature of Ethambutol Induced Wistar Rats

Bay leaf extract (Syzygiun polianthum) is one herbal elemnt that may be used to lessen liver function issues, lessen symptops of nausea, vomiting, discomfort and improve adherence and the effectiveness of tuberculossi treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) extract on antioxidant activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and liver histopathology of ethambutol-induced Wistar rats. This research is a laboratory experiment. Antioxidant activity of Bay Leaf Extract was evaluated by comparing vitamin C with spectrophotometry methods. White Wistar rats were separated into 6 groups and uset to test the lebel of MDA and livers histopathology. Group 1 serves as the control group and received DMSO (placebo); Group 2 was received ethambutol 50mg/kg BW; Group 3 was received ethambutol and silymarine with dose 50mh/kg BW. Group 4-6 had been given ethambutol and extra ethanol extract of bay leaves of 75,150, dan 300mg/kg BW, respectively. The results of the spectrophotometry showed that the Bay Leaf Extract had antioxidant activity comparable to that of vitamin C, with an IC50 of 11.4 g ± (4.4%). One-Way ANOVA test results obtained p = 0.002 (p<0.05) while the Kruskal-Wallis test results obtained the Asymp. Sig value 0.105> 0.05. There was a significance difference in each group’s MDA levels (p=0.002). Although there was no significant difference in the liver histopathology of treated rats (p>0.05). While bay leaf extract significantly lowers MDA levels in ethambutol-induced Wistar rats, it has no discernible impact on the liver histopathology of ethambutol-induced Wistar rats. Bay leaf extract possesses antioxidant activity comparable to vitamin C.

Pili Protein 65.5 kDa of Klebsiella pneumoniae Induced a Decrease in IL-10 in Mice

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading cause of nosocomial infection worldwide with clinical isolates mostly found in Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) or Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR). This makes therapeutic options due to this bacteria limited. Several studies have shown that the pili protein of K. pneumoniae with different molecular weights plays a role in the virulence factor, as they are hemagglutinin and adhesin proteins. Pili protein 65.5 kDa of K. pneumoniae can be considered as the antigen candidate for vaccines. This study aimed to determine the immune response based on the IL-10 level as induced by pili protein 65.5 kDa K. pneumoniae. This study was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Faculty of Medicine of Jember University. This was true experimental with post-test only controlled group design on 27 male BALB/c mice which divided into 3 groups: K1, K2, and K3. The groups were induced with sterile PBS, pili protein and Freund’s adjuvant, and Freund’s adjuvant only, respectively. Samples were drawn through cardiac puncture, then serum was taken to measure the IL-10 levels using the ELISA method. Hemagglutination test showed a positive result with 1/8 as the highest titer. Results showed that the mean IL-10 levels were 290.92±45.33; 235.05±44.53; 218.54±64,81 for K1, K2, and K3, respectively. One-way ANOVA test results showed a statistical difference between groups (p=0,019). This research shows that pili protein 65.5 kDa K. pneumoniae decreases the IL-10 level. However, when it is provided with the Freund’s Adjuvant, there is no proof of the immunogenicity when compared to the control group.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOURSOP (Annona muricata L.) BOOKING WATER ON BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL LEVELS OF MOUSE (Mus musculus) INDUCED RHODAMIN B

This study aimed to determine the effect of giving soursop (Annona muricata L.) boiled water for 14 days on biochemical blood levels, including SGOT, SGPT, urea, and creatinine in the balb-C strain mice induced by rhodamine B orally. Twenty-five male mice were divided into five groups, namely groups I and II as negative control and positive control. Group III was treated with soursop leaf boiled water at 3.64 mg/mouse, and group IV was treated with soursop leaf boiled water at 7.28 mg/mice. Mice, while group V was treated with 10.92 mg/mouse of soursop leaf boiled water. The treatment was carried out for 14 days by giving soursop leaf boiled water seven days after administration of rhodamine B. On days 1, 7, and 14, the mice took intracardially, and then the levels of SGPT, SGOT, urea, and creatinine were measured. The data were then analyzed using the One way ANOVA test and continued with the LSD test. One-way ANOVA test results showed that giving soursop leaf boiled water had a significant effect on reducing SGOT, SGPT, urea, and creatinine (p<0.05). The results of the LSD test showed significant differences between levels of SGOT SGPT, urea, and creatinine in the group before treatment, after administration of rhodamine B, and after administration of soursop leaf boiled water. It concludes that the treatment of soursop (Annona muricata L.) cooked in the water had the most practical effect in neutralizing the damage to liver and kidney cells of mice exposed to rhodamine B. Because it contains antioxidants, the water that boiled with soursop leaf provided a cytoprotective effect by neutralizing the free radicals caused by rhodamine B

The Effect of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on ROS Plasma of Overweight Sprague Dawley Rats

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) contains antioxidants, namely vitamin C, flavonoids, phenols, and betacyanins that can reduce or inhibit oxidative stress in the body. Excess body weight condition is associated with an increase in oxidative stress due to a decrease in antioxidants. This study was aimed to analyze the effects of red dragon fruit on the level of ROS (MDA) of overweight Sprague-Dawley rats. It used experimental analysis by using pre- and-posttest design with control group. A total sample of 30 male white Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8-12 weeks old with 150-200g of body weight were divided into 6 groups, namely: normal, negative control (KN), positive control (KP), red dragon fruit juice 3.5 g/200gBW (P1), overweight + dragon fruit juice 7 g/200gBW (P2), overweight + dragon fruit juice 10.5g/200gBW (P3) and were observed for 14 days. ROS levels were measured in the beginning and at the end of the intervention by using MDA markers with TBARs method. The results of MDA level measurements were 3.83 ± 0.13 in the KP group, 7.18 ± 0.27 in the P1 group, 5.30 ± 0.30 in the P2 group, and 4.35 ± 0.42 in the P3 group. The results of one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in MDA levels in all intervention groups compared to those of the normal and KN groups (p = 0.05). In conclusion, red dragon fruit intake can reduce ROS levels in overweight Sprague-Dawley rats.

Covid-19 Pandemisinin Farklı Kaygı Düzeyleri Açısından Türkiye'deki Özel Sektör ve Kamu Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerinde Etkileri

This study aims to compare economic, health, routine-change and isolation anxiety levels between private and public sector employees during the Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. We hypothesized that economic anxiety would have a greater effect on private sector employees than public sector employees while the health anxiety has more dominant effects on public sector employees. According to the results of the questionnaire adapted from the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and sent online to the participants, it was observed that private sector employees had higher levels of economic anxiety on average than public sector employees (p=.000). While there is no significant difference between the sectors in terms of health anxiety, routine change anxiety is higher on average over all other anxiety levels for both sectors. According to the results of one-way ANOVA test, employees living in minimum subsistence conditions, i.e., low-income group, had much more intense levels of economic anxiety than high-income group, and it was concluded that high-income group was under psychological pressure due to the routine changes they experienced. Finally, the results showed that private sector employees were more feared about getting short-time working allowances compared to public sector employees (p=.000).