Results Of Measures Research Articles

THE DYNAMICS OF BANGLADESH-US RELATIONS: DOES US FOREIGN POLICY FOCUS ON DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS OR GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS?

The bilateral relationship between Bangladesh and the United States has undergone significant shifts over the years, shaped by complex interactions between democratic ideals, human rights concerns, and geopolitical interests. This study examines the multifaceted dynamics of Bangladesh-US relations, focusing on analyzing the extent to which US foreign policy prioritizes democracy, human rights, and geopolitical considerations. The study draws upon a comprehensive literature review of scholarly works, official documents, and expert analyses related to the historical context and critical milestones in Bangladesh-US relations. The present study employs a mixed-methods technique to incorporate qualitative data, which contributes to a comprehensive comprehension of the intricate aspects that shape United States foreign policy choices concerning Bangladesh. Using case studies and examining policy initiatives, this analysis assesses the concrete results of democracy and human rights measures, elucidating their influence on the bilateral relationship. Furthermore, the research explores the role of geopolitical considerations in shaping US engagement with Bangladesh. This analysis aims to evaluate the tangible outcomes of democracy and human rights measures by employing case studies and analyzing policy efforts. Through this approach, the study seeks to shed light on the impact of these measures on the bilateral relationship. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the Bangladesh-US relationship, seeking to establish whether the US foreign policy strikes a delicate balance between promoting democracy and human rights while addressing its geopolitical interests.

Forecast of solar cycle 25 based on Hybrid CNN-Bidirectional-GRU (CNN-BiGRU) model and Novel Gradient Residual Correction (GRC) technique

In this study, a hybrid deep-learning(DL) model is proposed, which consists of a Convolution-Neural-Network (CNN) and Bidirectional-Gated-Recurrent-Unit (Bi-GRU) for the prediction of sunspot numbers(SSN) of different frequencies along with novel post-processing techniques of Gradient-Residual-Correction (GRC) to enhance the accuracy of the predictions further. GRC is utilized to reduce the residual present in the forecasted values. The AdaBoost regression model is implemented over the residual obtained from the prediction of training data using a hybrid CNN-BiGRU model with respect to the gradient of the training data points to predict the residual for the test data points. Ultimately, the predicted residual for test data points is summed up with the predicted test data points to achieve the final predictions. The results obtained from the proposed methods are compared with the results obtained from traditional DL models. The validation of the proposed method is carried out based on four performance metrics, namely Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE), Mean Absolute Scaled Error(MASE), Mean Absolute Error(MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE). A significant percentage of improvement is observed while using the GRC technique in comparison to all other experimented models for all four variants of SSN data. A maximum improvement of 85.71% has been achieved in comparison to the BiLSTM model over the 13-month smoothed SSN dataset on the basis of MAPE. Friedman Ranking is also performed as a non-parametric statistical test over the results of the performance measures. This model has been utilized for the forecast of solar cycle 25(SC25) over the annual mean of total SSN. It has been observed that the SC25 is expected to reach its peak in the year 2024 with an annual average peak value of 143.641. Comparative analysis of SC25 and the peak of SSN in the ongoing cycle with the previous works are also carried out.

Strong (α, k)-cut and computational-based segmentation based novel hesitant fuzzy time series forecasting model

Hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) is an ideal tool to deal with hesitancy situation arises due to collection of membership values for each time series datum. Many researchers developed HFS based fuzzy time series forecasting (FTSF) models in past years. In this article, a novel method is proposed to deal with critical factors affecting the HFS based FTSF and name as strong (α,k)-cut and computational-based segmentation based hesitant fuzzy time series forecasting (SCS-FTSF). Computational-based segmentation (CBS) approach is developed to determination of number of intervals and generating intervals. Proposed method uses Gaussian and triangular membership functions to construct HFS and uses aggregation operator aggregating the membership values to construct aggregate HFS. A novel fuzzification procedure is proposed by taking all aggregate HFSs with non-zero aggregated membership value relative to data points. Strong(α,k)-cut is employed to selection of suitable aggregate HFLRs. Further, a defuzzification approach is also proposed to obtaining numerical value. In order to assess the performance of proposed SCS -FTSF method two time series datasets are used. Results of error measures and validation tests confirms that superiority of the proposed SCS-FTSF method.

Control aspects of managing the company’s own capital

For effective management of equity, which is one of the main sources of formation of resources, and making management decisions, it is necessary to provide information to the management of the economic entity. One of the tools of information support of the equity management system is internal control. The purpose of the research consists in development of internal control of the equity capital at the expense of improvement of methodical provision of control procedures. In the course of research working documents of internal control have been developed that allow: control the timeliness, efficiency and effectiveness of control procedures; systematize the results of control measures and accurately formulate conclusions and recommendations by results of constituent documents inspection; systematize violations found during internal control of formation, structure, composition and size of authorized capital that allow to eliminate them promptly and formulate general recommendations on The working documents of the internal control developed within the research allow to improve methodological support of the internal control, to receive timely and reliable information, which allows to supervise promptly the changes of the equity capital

Обгрунтування респіраторної цитопротекції при бронхіальній астмі у дітей

Abstract. The aim of the study. To improve the results of treatment and prevention measures for bronchial asthma (BA) in children by supplementing the complex of basic therapy with the inhalation of the drug еctoin ("Ectobris"). Material and methods. A comprehensive clinical and paraclinical examination of 78 school-aged children with BA was conducted. 2 clinical groups were formed. The first group was formed by 47 children (average age — (12.2 ± 0.5) years, the share of boys — 78.7 %), who received standard basic treatment for BA. The II group included 31 patients with BA (average age — (11.7 ± 0.6) years, p > 0.05, the proportion of boys — 67.7 % (p > 0.05)), whose basic therapy included the inhalation drug "Ektobris" (2.5 ml in containers for nebulization 2 times/day for 10 days). The main clinical characteristics of the observation groups were comparable. Results. We established that children with asthma who received Ectobris inhalations in complex basic treatment had an increase in the average score on the ACT questionnaire, which indicated an improvement in disease control (increase in absolute risk (AR) — 53.8 %, increase in relative risk (RR) — 69.9 % (95%CI: 59.9-78.7) with the minimum number of patients (MNP) — 1.4 (95%CI: 0.04-6.5). It was also shown that the use of the 10-day course of inhalations was accompanied by a decrease in inflammatory desquamation of the epithelium (according to nasocytogram data), and an increase in the chances of achieving the minimum number of desquamated epitheliocytes (< 5 %) in the nasal epithelium was characterized by: DAR — 32.0 %, DRR — 52, 4% (95%CI: 42.2-62.5), MNP — 1.9 (95%CI: 0.1-7.2) and also made it possible to reduce the indicators of nonspecific hypersensitivity of the respiratory tract to indirect bronchospasmogenic factors. Conclusions. Adding "Ektobris" inhalations to the standard basic anti-inflammatory therapy of BA made it possible to improve control over the asthma, reduce indicators of non-specific hypersensitivity of the respiratory tract to physical exertion.

Application and analysis of cool storage device in emergency situation of high-speed trains

The article introduces the plan of emergency cold storage measures, analysis of fresh air volume, and simulation of the entire vehicle. It also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of emergency cold storage measures from aspects such as vehicle transformation, use and maintenance, and cost. Based on the comparative analysis results of emergency cold storage measures, the application of cooling storage technology in emergency situations of Multiple unit has greater advantages, and has higher research and reference value. In addition, it can ensure the comfort in the vehicle within the emergency ventilation time by adjusting the existing emergency ventilation mode. The article introduces the scheme of emergency cold storage measures and the analysis of fresh air volume. The focus is on the simulation analysis of the application of phase change cold storage technology in emergency situations of high-speed trains. Theoretically, the application of cold storage technology in emergency situations of high-speed trains has significant advantages and has high research and reference value. In addition, with the adjustment of existing emergency ventilation modes, the comfort inside the train can be ensured during emergency ventilation time.

Predicting and Navigating Environmental Transformations using Machine Learning

In today's world, as ecological challenges continue to rise, the importance of environmental monitoring and conservation cannot be overstated. These efforts play a vital role in countering the adverse impacts of human activities on our planet. The development of predictive models that can accurately predict the results of different conservation measures is essential for the success of these conservation efforts. This paper's objective is to create a Machine Learning (ML) model that predicts how environmental changes can unfold. This prediction helps in proactive monitoring and conservation planning, considering factors like deforestation, air pollution, sea level rise, temperature shifts, and forest preservation. The model relies on machine learning techniques, including AdaBoost, ETS, Prophet, SARIMA, LightGBM, and TL-BLSTM models, to analyze data, uncover trends, and inform decision-making. By offering a thorough assessment of the effects of conservation approaches, this model aids in shaping well-informed decisions regarding the distribution of resources. As a result, this process strengthens initiatives designed to protect biodiversity and the Earth's natural resources. Predicting changes in environmental variables is the main goal of this research, which will improve effective environmental management. In order to draw conclusions that are meaningful, this study compares several models for each of the four crucial factors.

Farmers' perception of soil health: The use of quality data and its implication for farm management

AbstractPreventing and reversing soil degradation is essential to maintaining the ecosystem services provided by soils and guaranteeing food security. In addition to the scientific community, it is critical to engage multiple stakeholders to assess the degree of soil degradation and mitigation strategies' impact and meet the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, European Union's Common Agricultural Policy, and other national and international goals. A semi‐structured questionnaire was distributed across countries participating in the EU Horizon‐2020 “Transforming Unsustainable management of soils in key agricultural systems in E.U. and China. Developing an integrated platform of alternatives to reverse soil degradation (TUdi).” Using farmers' associations and educational institutions as an intermediate to distribute the questionnaires was an effective strategy for gathering a high number of responses. Results from 456 responses to the questionnaire showed that farm country, size, type of agriculture, and educational level of farm managers were significantly associated with the farmers' perception of soil degradation issues. Farm size and type of agriculture were also correlated with applying a nutrient management plan. The implications of the results for soil conservation measures are discussed. Additionally, we highlight the potential of projects such as TUdi for creating collaboration networks to drive widespread adoption by farmers of technologies to reverse the degradation of agricultural soils.

Forensic Audit: A Case of Automotive Company, Legal and Accounting Aspect

Objective: The purpose of the research is to describe the process and the results obtained in the application of forensic auditing to the administrative accounting management of an automotive company, analyzing the possible risks that affect the sustainability of the organization, as well as the role of the auditor in the assurance of financial information. Theoretical Framework: The purpose of a forensic audit is to validate any potential risk of fraud within an organization, by corroborating findings from an internal audit and starting with a presumption of fraud. It is essential to detect all types of fraud in a timely manner to ensure business continuity. Methodology: Methodology: The study was conducted using a mixed research design, involving both descriptive and analytical approaches, and incorporating qualitative and quantitative variables. It aimed to identify the essential elements required for the development of the case study route, while following the established procedures of the International Standards on Auditing, as well as employing forensic auditing techniques validated by experts. The study was focused on detecting corporate fraud, highlighting areas of interest with respect to the potential risks of fraud, based on the results of internal control measures. Results: The forensic audit revealed that the automotive company engaged in fraudulent activity and the extent of responsibility in its execution. Conclusions: Forensic auditing is a vital tool for companies to detect corporate fraud and minimize financial risks.

Hungary’s Policy and Practice on Illegally Staying Migrants

This study explores Hungary’s policies and practices regarding persons illegally present in the country. It introduces Hungary’s unique legal and practical framework resulting from legal amendments aimed at regaining control of the external borders of the EU and the various judicial fora where these provisions have been tested. The study indicates that the policy framework was incompatible with EU and international human rights law, simultaneously discussing the Hungarian Constitutional Court’s decision regarding the state’s obligation in the case of the incomplete effectiveness of the joint exercise of competences in the field of fighting illegal migration. Moreover, it describes the framework of escorting illegally staying migrants through the Serbian border instead of conducting regular return procedures. In addition to analysing the individual cases and regulatory elements, the study indicates that the results of Hungarian measures in practice and whether it is worthwhile to consider these experiences during the EU migration reform processes should not be overlooked.

ФАКТОРИ УСПІШНОЇ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ

Rapidly changing economic conditions, new achievements in science and technology, the introduction of information technologies constantly present organizations with the task of matching the qualifications of employees to modern requirements. The article defines the features of improving the qualifications of the personnel of railway transport enterprises. It was noted that the effective functioning of railway transport is important for innovative development and sustainable growth of the country’s economy, contributes to increasing the mobility of the population and strengthening regional ties. It was determined that corporate training of employees ensures higher productivity and quality of work during the rational use of material resources. It is noted that the profile of competences by position serves to assess the employee’s compliance with the functions, the selection of employees for the position, and the determination of areas of additional training. Competencies allow you to use different groupings of competencies and approach the development of each group individually. The development of personnel resources of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» gives a multiplicative effect, which multiplies the subsequent results of organizational measures. The general scheme of the model of competences has been modernized into a new model, in which the category «professional competences» is detailed, taking into account the specifics of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» (other groups of competences can be similarly detailed). Adhering to the principles of socially responsible business conduct, JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» must implement a social policy aimed at effective interaction with personnel. The company will consider employees as the main resource that determines the economic results of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia», competitiveness and market value of the company. In this regard, the provision of professional personnel from all areas of activity of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» and the motivation of employees to productive and efficient work are the most important goals of the company’s social policy. It was concluded that the implementation of a unified personnel policy at JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» should be aimed at staffing all categories of personnel with qualified personnel, creating a single personnel reserve, adapting the system of continuous professional training of personnel to the conditions of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» and changing technological requirements, implementing measures to ensure a favorable socio-psychological climate.

Investigating Success Factors in Admission Test at Grade 8: A Survey Study of Cadet Colleges in Pakistan

The fairness of the test for taking admission to prestigious institutions is a debatable issue across the globe. The majority of institutions apply a ‘traditional meritocratic approach’ to award admission on the basis of grades and admission tests. This paradigm does not fulfil the needs of marginalized, low socio-economic, poor-quality background students. The present study is descriptive and quantitative in nature, investigated the socioeconomic and academic factors of the students who were successful in securing admission to Cadet Colleges after passing the test and interview. We constructed two interview questionnaires for data collection from applicants. The sample of the study was comprised of 228 students for the session 2022 in selected institutions. The findings of the study highlight the low Socio-Economic Status as a strong factor in getting admission in prestigious education institutions. The results despairingly indicate that the admission test and stipulations at the interview to get enrolled in the institution do not equally address the learning competence of different streams thus putting a question about the national integration and cohesion that discourages marginalization of students from low Socio-Economic Status. The results of the study stress measures to be taken by the policymakers for the formulation of admission tests that equally correspond to ensuring equal competition opportunities for students with varying socio-economic and educational systems backgrounds.

Effectiveness of the Interdisciplinary Home‐bAsed Reablement Program (I‐HARP) on improving functional independence of people living with dementia and process outcomes

AbstractBackgroundThis project evaluated a model of care integrating evidence‐based dementia rehabilitation strategies into a time‐limited, home‐based, interdisciplinary rehabilitation package: Interdisciplinary Home‐bAsed Reablement Program (I‐HARP). The aims were: to determine I‐HARP effectiveness on functional independence, mobility, quality of life and depression among people with dementia, their home environmental safety, carer burden and quality of life, and I‐HARP cost‐effectiveness; and to evaluate processes, outcomes and influencing factors of the I‐HARP implementation.MethodThe project was mixed‐methods action research combining a multi‐centre pragmatic RCT and realist evaluation. I‐HARP was a 4‐month model of care for community‐dwelling people with mild‐moderate dementia and family carers, incorporated into community aged care services and hospital‐based geriatric services in Sydney, Australia (2018‐22) and compared with usual care. Outcome assessments were conducted at baseline, 4‐ and 12‐month. Semi‐structured interviews with participants and focus groups with I‐HARP interventionists and participating site managers occurred post intervention. (ACTRN12618000600246)ResultOf 130 dyads of clients and their carers recruited, 116 dyads (58 per group) completed the trial (89% retention). The I‐HARP group had somewhat better mean results for most outcome measures than usual care at both 4 and 12 months, but the only statistically significant difference was a reduction in home environment hazards at 4 months. Post‐hoc sub‐group analysis of 66 clients with mild‐dementia found significantly better functional independence in the intervention group: 11.2 on Disability Assessment for Dementia (95% CI: 3.4,19.1; p = .005; ES 0.69) at 4 months and 13.7 (95% CI: 3.7,23.7; p = .007; ES 0.69) at 12 months. Preliminary results of economic evaluation pointed to potential benefits of I‐HARP over usual care. Interviews and focus group findings highlighted system and research design barriers (e.g., workforce, hospital system, communication, blinding and recruitment) and program facilitators (focus on enablement, interdisciplinary and teamwork).ConclusionThe I‐HARP model enhanced functional independence of participants with mild‐dementia but not in those with moderate‐dementia, so did not result in better outcomes in the group overall. A different type of rehabilitation model or strategies may be required as dementia becomes more severe. Key facilitators and barriers to I‐HARP implementation provide further insights to developing dementia rehabilitation model of care.

FC18: Can rehabilitation improve functional independence of older people with dementia? A pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Interdisciplinary Home-bAsed Reablement Program (I-HARP)

Objective:The Interdisciplinary Home-bAsed Reablement Program (I-HARP) integrates evidence-based rehabilitation strategies into a dementia-specific person-centred, time-limited, home-based, interdisciplinary rehabilitation package. I-HARP was a 4-month model of care, incorporated into community aged care services and hospital-based community geriatric services. I-HARP involved: 8-10 individually tailored home visits by occupational therapist and registered nurse; 2-4 optional other allied health sessions; up to A$1,000 minor home modifications and/or assistive devices; and three individual carer support sessions. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of I-HARP on the health and wellbeing of people living with dementia and their family carers.Methods:A multi-centre pragmatic parallel-arm randomised controlled trial compared I-HARP to usual care in community-dwelling people with mild to moderate dementia and family carers in Sydney, Australia (2018-22). Assessments of the client’s daily activities, mobility and health-related quality of life, caregiver burden and quality of life were conducted at baseline, 4- and 12-month follow-up. Changes from baseline were compared between groups.Results:Of 260 recruited, 232 (116 dyads of clients and their carers, 58 dyads per group) completed the trial to 4-month follow-up (89% retention). Clients were: aged 60-97 years, 63% female, 57% with mild dementia and 43% with moderate dementia. The I-HARP group had somewhat better mean results for most outcome measures than usual care at both 4 and 12 months, but the only statistically significant difference was a reduction in home environment hazards at 4 months (reduction: 2.29 on Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool, 95% CI: 0.52, 4.08; p=.01, effect size [ES] 0.53). Post-hoc sub-group analysis of 66 clients with mild dementia found significantly better functional independence in the intervention group: 11.2 on Disability Assessment for Dementia (95% CI: 3.4, 19.1; p=.005; ES 0.69) at 4 months and 13.7 (95% CI: 3.7, 23.7; p=.007; ES 0.69) at 12 months.Conclusion:The I-HARP model enhanced functional independence of people with mild dementia only but not significantly in people with moderate dementia, so did not result in better outcomes in the group overall. A different type of rehabilitation model or strategies may be required as dementia becomes more severe.

Patient-Reported Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with FLT3-ITD Mutation Receiving Quizartinib Vs. Standard Chemotherapy: Results from the Quantum-First Trial

Introduction: QuANTUM-First (NCT02668653) is a multicenter, global, randomized, double-blind phase 3 clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of the novel oral fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitor (FLT3i) quizartinib in combination with standard induction and consolidation chemotherapy, and as maintenance monotherapy for up to 36 cycles in patients 18-75 years old with FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Quizartinib demonstrated a clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in overall survival (OS) versus placebo. An exploratory endpoint of the trial was to assess the impact of quizartinib on patient-reported outcomes (PROs). This is the first report of the longitudinal results of the PRO measures (PROMs) collected in the QuANTUM-First trial. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive chemotherapy + quizartinib or chemotherapy + placebo. PROMs were the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EuroQol EQ-5D-5L. Baseline measurement was collected on day 8 of the first induction cycle, and repeated measurements were collected on day 28 of induction cycles 1-2, day 6 and 28 of consolidation cycles 1-4, and day 1 of continuation cycles 1-34 at 3-cycle intervals. EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-5L scores were calculated as per their respective scoring manuals and included mean (95% CI, p-value) score for each domain of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-5L index score, as well as mean change from baseline score at each timepoint. A minimal clinically important difference (MCID) score ≥10 points for each domain of the EORTC QLQ-C30, was considered clinically meaningful. A mixed-effect model for repeated measures (MMRM) and time until definitive deterioration (TUDD) was used to assess the longitudinal impact of treatment on PROs. TUDD was defined as time from baseline PRO score to first deterioration of the score beyond the MCID as compared to the baseline without further improvement of more than one MCID as compared to the reference score or without any further available score. Results: A total of 509 out of 539 patients from the trial (254 quizartinib; 255 placebo) were included for PRO analysis. Patient compliance to questionnaire completion at the beginning of each phase was high and similar for both arms and most scales (Global Health Status [GHS] completion rate (%) on induction cycle 1, consolidation cycle 1, and continuation cycle 1: 99.2, 95.3, 93.4, respectively) Baseline PRO scores were comparable between arms and were lower than the general population norm EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-5L scores for EU and US (Table 1). Per MMRM, there were clinically meaningful improvements from baseline in GHS (Figure 1) and fatigue in both arms. However, there was no significant difference between arms for the change from baseline score although placebo arm had numerically better scores specifically during the maintenance phase (treatment difference for quizartinib - placebo was -2.0 [95% CI: -4.8, 0.7], p=0.1479 for GHS and 3.0 [95% CI: -0.1, 6.1], p=0.0600 for fatigue). Similar trends towards clinically meaningful improvement in score over time for both arms and no significant differences between arms were observed in most of the functional and symptom scales of EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-5L index scores. By TUDD analysis, quizartinib arm showed slower deterioration in several scales (specifically GHS, cognitive function, appetite loss, and constipation) but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: QuANTUM-First is the first study to explore the impact of quizartinib on PROs. Quizartinib showed improvement in OS without any detrimental impact on quality of life and symptoms when added to standard chemotherapy followed by maintenance monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed FLT3-ITD AML.

Artificial reproduction of the sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L., 1758) in Vologda region

The paper examines the preliminary results of measures taken for artificial reproduction of sterlet Acipenser ruthenus L., 1758 in Vologda region water reservoirs, carried out in 2014–2023. The authors calculate that for the formation of a significant commercial replenishment, it is necessary to annually release 170 thousand specimens into the Sukhona, Yug, Mologa rivers and the river part of the Sheksninsky Reservoir, and 50 thousand specimens of sterlet fingerlings with an average weight of 5 grams — into the Vaga River. The total release volumes over the ten-year period amounted to more than 2.7 million specimens, including 1.3 million into the Sukhona River, 534 thousand — into the Yug River, 455 thousand — into the Mologa River, 326 thousand — into the Sheksna Reservoir, and 89 thousand specimens — into the Vaga River. In research fishing with fixed nets in the Mologa River in 2018–2022, sterlet accounted for 42% of the total number and almost 50% of the biomass, in the Sukhona River in 2021–2022 — 18% and 25%, respectively, and in the river part of the Sheksninsky reservoir in 2020–2022 — 18% and 10%. The body length of the fish caught in the Mologa River varied between 20–51 cm, in the Sukhona River — 29–52 cm, in the Sheksninsky Reservoir — 16–37 cm, its weight was, respectively, 44–958 grams, 176–1278 grams and 22–336 grams. In the Mologa River and the Sheksninsky Reservoir, replenishment of populations is carried out only through artificial reproduction, and in the Sukhona River, natural spawning of fish has apparently also been preserved.

An Overview of the Methods Used to Measure the Impact of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Sleep-Related Outcomes.

Introduction Systematic reviews and metanalyses have shown that mindfulness-based interventions can have positive effects on health, such as reducing anxiety, depression, and chronic pain. However, their effect on sleep-related outcomes is not yet well established. Sleep can be assessed subjectively (questionnaires, sleep logs, self-reporting) and/or objectively (actigraphy, polysomnography, biological markers), and outcomes may differ depending on which type of assessment is used. Objective In this study, we present a literature overview on mindfulness and sleep, innovatively presenting and discussing studies that address sleep subjectively and objectively. Methods The search was undertaken using four databases (Pubmed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Psychinfo) in September 2019, and repeated in May 2021. Studies were analyzed through a two-step process: (1) reading titles and abstracts, and (2) full text analysis that met the review's eligibility criteria, with the final sample comprising 193 articles. We observed a growth in the number of studies published, particularly since 2005. However, this was mostly due to an increase in studies based on subjective research. There is a moderate to nonexistent agreement between objective and subjective sleep measures, with results of subjective measures having higher variability and uncertainty.We identified 151 articles (78%) using an exclusively subjective sleep evaluation, which can cause a misperception about mindfulness effects on sleep. Conclusion Future studies should place greater emphasis on objective measurements to accurately investigate the effects of mindfulness practices on sleep, although subjective measures also have a role to play in respect of some aspects of this relationship.

Spatiotemporal analysis of extreme precipitation events in the United States at mesoscale: Complex network theory

Analyzing the complex behavior of extreme precipitation events (EPEs) is essential to better understand the effect of climate change on surface and subsurface water resources and forecast extreme hydrologic events. In this study, we applied complex network theory to analyze precipitation data in the contiguous United States (CONUS) and investigate synchronization patterns of EPEs across the nation. We constructed the complex network of EPEs using the CPC database, including the precipitation time series available at 3,276 grid points all over the CONUS. To compute the level of similarity between any two grid points, we analyzed their EPE series using two methods: (i) event synchronization (ES) and (ii) time warp edit distance (TWED). The constructed precipitation networks (PNs) for the summer and winter seasons were analyzed, and network measures i.e., degree centrality (DC), partial degree (PD), and mean geographic distance (MGD) were determined. By analyzing the precipitation data from 1979 to 2021, we found that the number of EPEs in the CONUS has been increasing over the past four decades with similar slopes in the summer and winter seasons. We also observed both local and regional connections as well as teleconnections demonstrating EPE synchronizations across scales. Results of the network measures revealed important geographic locations in terms of their connection patterns to other locations for both seasons. Using the Louvain method, we detected seven communities in the network for the summer season and five for the winter season by means of the ES. Similar results were obtained using the TWED.

Abstract 13407: Long-Term Outcomes of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Treated With Pulmonary Endarterectomy and Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty: Results From the Japanese Prospective CTEPH Registry (CTEPH AC Registry)

Introduction: In Japan, balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is more commonly adopted in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) compared to European countries or US due to their expertise. However, there are no reports from regions where BPA is extensively practiced. Aims: This study aims to explore the treatment outcomes in Japan. Methods: The study involved a nationwide, prospective, observational registry that included all patients diagnosed with CTEPH from August 2018 to February 2023 in Japan. Patients were categorized as naïve or prevalent cases based on their previous reperfusion therapy (pulmonary endarterectomy and/or BPA) at the time of enrollment. Each case was further classified as operable or BPA group. The primary outcome measure was morbidity and mortality (MM) events since enrollment, which comprised all-cause death, CTEPH-related hospitalization, rescue reperfusion therapy, initiation of parenteral pulmonary vasodilators, and worsening of CTEPH characterized by a decrease in 6-minute walk distance greater than 15% and deterioration of the WHO functional class. Results: A total of 1194 patients, including naïve cases (operable: n = 54, BPA: n = 293) and prevalent cases (operable: n=125, BPA: n = 532), were identified. Among the naïve cases, there were no significant differences in age or disease severity between the operable and BPA groups. Among the prevalent cases, the BPA group was older (63 ± 13 vs. 58 ± 14 years old, p < 0.0001) and had higher pulmonary vascular resistance (364 ± 279 vs. 293 ± 206 dyne*sec/cm5, p = 0.001) compared to the operable group. The results of primary outcome measures were comparable between both the groups (Figure). Conclusions: BPA as well as pulmonary endarterectomy is considered as safety and effective therapeutic option in CTEPH patients.

Evaluating the Impact of PWS Smart-Start: A Behavior Analytic Caregiver Training Program for Prader-Willi Syndrome

PWS Smart-Start is a behavioral caregiver training program developed specifically for caregivers of children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) aged 3 to 14. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of the program. Thirty-four caregivers of children with PWS received the PWS Smart-Start training using online live video-coaching across a 10-week period. The impact of the training on a variety of variables including caregiver and child behavior, caregiver stress and burnout, and family functioning were evaluated using a quasi-experimental pretest posttest design. Results indicated statistically significant decreases across child behavior challenges and parental stress and burnout following the training. Statistically significant improvements were also seen in parenting practices, the quality of the parent–child relationship, and family quality of life. Results of social validity measures indicated caregiver satisfaction with the program. These preliminary results indicate that the PWS Smart-Start program has the potential to not only support children with PWS through behavioral challenges but also reduce caregiver stress and burnout and improve a variety of aspects of family life. Future research is needed to replicate and further validate these results and to extend the exploration of other behavior analytic interventions for this population.