Results Of Long-term Research Research Articles

Some fundamental problems of tectonics and geodynamics of the Central Asian folded belt

This study addresses some fundamental problems of tectonics and geodynamics of the Central Asian folded belt, the largest tectonic structure in Eurasia. The article presents results of long-term researches conducted by scientists and geologists specialized in various disciplines which contribute to the knowledge of the origin and breakup of Rodinia and formation of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. It considers problems of development of the Central Asian folded belt that was formed in the area of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and describes its subduction magmatism and marginal-marine sedimentation, formation of island arcs, processes of exhumation of the oceanic crust and formation of high-pressure blueschist and eclogite-blueschist complexes. Outstanding fundamental issues of the geodynamic evolution of the Central Asian folded belt are noted.

The occurrence of Amanita strobiliformis (Paulet ex Vittad.) Bertill. in Szczecin and its distribution in Poland

Results of long-term research into the occurrence of <em>Amanita strobiliformis </em>in Szczecin are presented. Five new localities of the species are described and its distribution in Poland is discussed.

Spatial autocorrelation of communes websites: A case study of the region Stredné Považie in Slovakia

AbstractSince its origination the Internet has been the basic communication channel through which e-Government processes in our society are carried out. The basic element of such processes is an existing website. This paper is the result of long-term research during which the authors collected information on the presence or absence of websites of self-governments in Slovakia. The output can be divided into two main parts. The first one, on the basis of the acquired data, evaluates the overall trend of self-government websites between 2008-2012. The results were distributed in the form of a website devoted to communes of Slovakia, using technology enabling the graphical and cartographic interpretation of the results. In the second part, on the basis of the gathered data, the authors applied spatial autocorrelation, specifically the ‘join count statistics’ method with the subsequent application to selected phenomenon in society, in particular the occurrence of websites of a selected region of Stredné Považie in Slovakia at the same time interval. This way the authors wanted to point out the interaction of communes in the development of websites, whether through inspiration or rivalry among neighbouring communes. From this point of view, mainly in the first period under review (2008), positive spatial autocorrelation is apparent in the occurrence of communes with websites.

Peptide bioregulators: A new class of geroprotectors. Message 1: Results of experimental studies

This review summarizes the results of longterm research of authors who studied the mechanisms of aging and the effectiveness of peptide bioregulators in preventing agerelated diseases in laboratory ani� mals. The data on evaluating the peptide effects produced using the advanced techniques in research insti� tutes in Russia and abroad are presented. The most attention is focused on the ability of peptide bioregulators to increase the life span and inhibit the carcinogenesis in animals.

Reaction of sorts of winter grain crops on mineral fertilizer after predecessor soy

To the article the results of long-term researches are driven in relation to the reaction of modern sorts of winter wheat, triticale and rye on the different norms of mineral fertilizer after a predecessor soy in years with different weather terms in east part of Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Studies were undertaken a during 2010-2013 in the short rotary field crop rotation of laboratory of plant production and study of sorts. It is set that on the average for years researches at bringing of different doses of mineral fertilizers the sort of winter wheat Doskonala on 4-8 % exceeded on the productivity a sort Alliance. Among the investigated sorts of winter triticale on control (without fertilizers), and also at bringing of N45P15K15 and N75P45K45 a sort Raritet on 8-10 % exceeded on the productivity sort Ratne. On all variants of mineral fertilizer the hybrid of winter rye Slobozhanets F1 on 12-19 % exceeded on the productivity a sort Pamyat Hudoerka. At bringing of mineral fertilizers in the norm of N75P45K45 the investigated grain-crops formed the greatest productivity that at the sorts of winter wheat averaged Alliance and Doskonala according to a 4,12 ton/of ha and a 4,45 ton/of ha, sorts of winter triticale – according to a 4,18 ton/of ha and a 4,51 ton/of ha, sorts of winter rye Pamyat Hudoerka and hybrid of rye of Slobozhanets F1 is a 4,18 ton/of ha and 4,70 ton/of ha. It was also set that at the basic bringing of fertilizers in the dose of N30P30K30 the productivity of winter grain-crops was substantially higher, than at the fractional bringing of N45P15K15.

Synthesis and structure features of composite silicate and hybrid TEOS-derived thin films doped by inorganic and organic additives

The results of long-term researches of thin films prepared from tetraethoxysilane-derived sols containing inorganic and organic additives are systematized and analyzed. These additives give to films certain physicochemical properties for their application in electronic techniques, optics, power engineering, in biological technologies etc. The influence both inorganic (salts, acids) and organic (polyols, polyionenes, epoxy resin) additives on rheological properties and aggregate stability of sols as well as films surface morphology is minutely considered. The explanations of phenomena during film formation, including spin-coating process, are given. Essential influence of temperature and humidity on films surface morphology is shown. Influence of heat treatment modes on structure and composition of films is analyzed. Recommendations about optimization of thin films sol–gel processing are offered.

Assessment of Modern Loanwords by the Contemporary Czech Youth

The article deals with specific symptoms of formal adaptation of modern loanwords within various spheres of language and their usage and assessment by the contemporary Czech pupils and students. It is based on the results of long-term research and extensive questionnaire search concentrated on the written forms of selected Anglicisms.

Biological support of a potato protection system against the Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in BelarusSystemy ochrony upraw ziemniaka przed stonką ziemniaczaną (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) na Białorusi

Summary In the article, the results of long-term research (2006–2010) on biological substantiation and the improved potato protection system against Colorado beetle in Belarus are presented. The system is based on age and the phenotypic structure of the phytophage population definition, and their resistance monitoring to pyrethroids by frequency of phenomorph №3 occurrence. The system includes a pre-planting tuber treatment, or spraying growing plants with different preparations. The economic expediency thresholds of insecticidal protection depending on weather conditions, varietal features, planned productivity, and a special-purpose designation of the crop cultivated in different agroclimatic zones were taken into account. Now, the improved system of potato protection against the pest is widely promoted on the farms of the Republic.

Electrochemistry of rare earth metals

Dynamics and main results of long-term research of REM behavior in electrode processes on liquid, solid and solid-liquid electrodes in water and mineral-organic solutions are given.

Материалы к изучению рода Russula (Russulales, Basidiomycota) Вологодской области

The results of long-term research of the genus Russula in Vologda Region are presented. Checklist contains 43 species, seven of which are given for Vologda Region for the first time. The ecological survey as well as the short comments for some species are provided. Two species (R. aurea, R. azurea) are included in the Red Data Book of Vologda Region.

Integrated production of potato in relation to different potato cultivation systemsIntegrowana produkcja ziemniaka na tle innych systemów uprawy

Summary Currently different production systems are used for potato production in the country. The most common are conventional systems with different degree of intensity. Among certified systems in Poland, ecological and integrated production are used. Integrated production is a system similar to the medium-heavy conventional system and should be regarded as the most convenient for Polish farmers. In practice, integrated production of potato is the least popular system. This is due to the requirements for certification process and insufficient recognition of agricultural products produced in this system on the market. Based on the results of long-term research conducted by Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Branch Jadwisin, different systems of potato production were compared. It was stated that the use of pesticides and fertilizers in the integrated production system was not higher as compared to the sustainable technologies of potato cultivation.

New data on the distribution and size composition of the North Pacific spiny dogfish <i>Squalus suckleyi</i> (Girard, 1854)

The results of long-term research on the spatial and vertical distribution of the North Pacific spiny dogfish Squalus suckleyi in the North Pacific Ocean and its size composition are presented. In total, data from 7059 catches of this species were analyzed (3178 with associated capture depth). The description of size composition is based on measurements of 413 specimens caught by driftnets, 328 by pelagic trawls and 722 by bottom trawls. This species was found to be most widely distributed in the North Pacific in the summer and autumn months during feeding migrations. Seasonal and long-term changes in the spatial distribution were observed. A wide distribution of S. suckleyi in the Bering Sea was recorded after the year 2000, which is likely associated with recent climate change. Occurrence of the species in the water column and near the bottom differed considerably. In the water column, the maximum number of captures was observed within the upper 25 m layer (about 90%). Near the bottom, this species was most abundant at depths less than 50 m (over 45%) and within a depth range of 101-200 m (about 50%). The catch of S. suckleyi during the daytime was considerably larger than in the night, possibly due to vertical diurnal migrations. This species was found at water temperatures ranging from 0 to 12.7°C, and maximum catches were observed at temperatures over 8°C. Size compositions of bottom and pelagic trawl catches were similar (mean length 69.1 and 68.6 cm respectively) while driftnet catches were composed of larger specimens (mean length 75.3 cm).

Continuity and prospects of research in systemic integrative psychophysiology of functional states and cognitive activity

An important problem of psychophysiology related to the study of the integration of the mechanisms controlling the state of the brain and characteristics of the cerebral organization of cognitive activity is discussed. The fundamental role of the results of long-term research in the neurophysiology of functional states as the basis of the organization of mental activity under conditions of direct, long-term, sparing contact with the cortex and subcortical structures by means of long-term intracerebral electrodes carried out by Academician Bechtereva and her scientific school is demonstrated. The commensurability and complementarity of slow and ultraslow gradual neurophysiological processes with similar amplitude-time parameters recorded in intravitally identified zones of deep cerebral structures and from scalp sites corresponding to the cortical projections of the main integrative centers are substantiated. The notion of the brain as a complexly organized, “floating,” multicircuit neurodynamic suprasystem with hierarchically, probabilistically organized vital processes varying in rate and intensity that are involved in maintaining the state of rest, mental states, and cognitive activity are formulated and substantiated. While the set of universal neurodynamic languages is limited, the brain employs a multiregister mechanism controlling the state and selective mechanisms of integration, ensuring the contribution of gradual neurophysiological processes at different levels of the structural and functional organization that vary in terms of information content in the formation of the cerebral systems underlying specific cognitive activities.

Spatial distribution of red wood ants and scientific basis of their protection

The results of long-term research on spatial distribution of red wood ants in the Urals and Western Siberia are presented. It was shown that large complexes counting tens and hundreds of nests clearly tended to form aggregations, or zones of high density. These zones are extended latitudinally and arranged in a striate pattern, with stripes about 15 km wide, about 100 km long, and positioned 100–120 km apart. The possibility of using these trends for the protection of red wood ants and for future research is discussed.

Results of sunflower breeding in resistance to broomrape on Don

Results of long term research (1925-2009) on sunflower breeding in resistance to broomrape in Don Region are hereby presented. The most virulent population of Orobanche cummana Wallr. has been found in north-western part of Rostov region. Recommendations for reducing loss in sunflower yield caused by broomrape are given.

Features of the biology of the eelpout Zoarces fedorovi (Perciformes: Zoarcidae) from Tauisk bay, Sea of Okhotsk

The results of long-term research on the biology of the viviparous Fedorov eelpout Zoarces fedorovi from the Tauiskaya Guba in the Sea of Okhotsk are generalized. It was determined that in winter and spring this species inhabits strongly freshened sea areas and in summer and fall it inhabits, as a rule, estuarine areas in the tide effect zone. Z. fedorovi did not leave the coastal zone, even during the ebb, and could remain in colder fresh water up to 12 h a day. Data on the age, sexual and size structure of the catches, character of linear growth, increase in body mass and fecundity, size, as well as the growth rates of the larvae and fry during prenatal development of Z. fedorovi are cited.

High end inspection by filmless radiography on LSAW large diameter pipes

Longitudinally submerged arc welded pipes for gas and oil transportation are subject to the most severe safety requirements. To further enhance the NDT process, EUROPIPE as a manufacturer of large diameter pipes for the oil and gas industry has invested in the digital X-ray inspection technology and herewith completely replaces the X-ray film. The new installation consists of two separate X-ray chambers in order to keep up with the production flow. In each chamber two digital detector arrays and two X-ray tubes are installed. This installation replaces three old X-ray chambers with twelve X-ray tubes. The installation is the result of long-term research and development in the field of X-ray testing. The installation is one of the first implementing this technology in an automated serial production of large diameter pipes.

The Shift of Environmental Debates in Russia

This article presents the results of long-term research aimed at identifying the major trends in environmental debates conditioned by Russian reforms and by the changing geopolitical situation of the Russian nation-state. The main topics of the article are changes in the very subject of these debates, the actors involved, the political opportunity structure of the debates and the character of the languages used by their participants. Four major shifts have been identified and analysed: first, from long-term to short-term issues; second, from nationwide to ‘insular’ debates conditioned by the division of Russians into those who live in time and in space; third, from value-centred to economically oriented; and fourth, from humanistic to social-technological. Epistemologically, these shifts indicate a process of transition from instructive to discursive production of scientific knowledge that should take into account local knowledge; in terms of sociology of social knowledge, this means a change in the relationships between science and publics that have acquired a right to speak; in cultural terms, it marks a shift from scientific to cultural rationality; and in institutional and organizational terms, it means a shift from debates in big national public arenas to issue-centred bargaining in which official and citizen experts compete.

The linkages between land use change, land degradation and biodiversity across East Africa.

Land use changes in East Africa have transformed land cover to farmlands, grazing lands, human settlements and urban centers at the expense of natural vegetation. These changes are associated with deforestation, biodiversity loss and land degradation. A synthesis of results of long term research by an interdisciplinary team reveals the linkages between land use change, biodiversity loss and land degradation. The results indicate that as native vegetation is lost, indigenous plant and animal biodiversity and plant cover are lost. Pastoralism maintains native plant and animal species more effectively than crop cultivation. As croplands expand, soil fertility and moisture drops and soils erode more easily. Farmers who grow many crops conserve native plant species better than those who grow only one crop. Increased crop diversity encourages regeneration of indigenous plant species. Moderate farming as in the less intensive low input rainfed mixed crop farming, in less forested areas increases tree cover thus increasing the biodiversity. Farmers’ who combine livestock rearing with cropping, use livestock manure to replenish soil nutrients in their farms and are thus able to maintain higher productivity. Farming in grasslands, woodlands and bushland areas where there are fewer trees, increases the diversity of habitats due to introduction of agrosystems that attract new species of birds. However, if the farming is intensified and the diversity of habitats is reduced biodiversity is also reduced. This paper presents findings of the investigations on these linkages in a diverse farming and herding systems ranging from lowlands to high mountains land uses.

The linkages between land use change, land degradation and biodiversity across East Africa.

Land use changes in East Africa have transformed land cover to farmlands, grazing lands, human settlements and urban centers at the expense of natural vegetation. These changes are associated with deforestation, biodiversity loss and land degradation. A synthesis of results of long term research by an interdisciplinary team reveals the linkages between land use change, biodiversity loss and land degradation. The results indicate that as native vegetation is lost, indigenous plant and animal biodiversity and plant cover are lost. Pastoralism maintains native plant and animal species more effectively than crop cultivation. As croplands expand, soil fertility and moisture drops and soils erode more easily. Farmers who grow many crops conserve native plant species better than those who grow only one crop. Increased crop diversity encourages regeneration of indigenous plant species. Moderate farming as in the less intensive low input rainfed mixed crop farming, in less forested areas increases tree cover thus increasing the biodiversity. Farmers’ who combine livestock rearing with cropping, use livestock manure to replenish soil nutrients in their farms and are thus able to maintain higher productivity. Farming in grasslands, woodlands and bushland areas where there are fewer trees, increases the diversity of habitats due to introduction of agrosystems that attract new species of birds. However, if the farming is intensified and the diversity of habitats is reduced biodiversity is also reduced. This paper presents findings of the investigations on these linkages in a diverse farming and herding systems ranging from lowlands to high mountains land uses.