Results Of Independent T-test Analysis Research Articles

Diversity of disease-carrying mosquito vectors in potential areas of dengue fever in Palembang City, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Listiono H, Damiri N, Kamaluddin T, Irsan C. 2024. Diversity of disease-carrying mosquito vectors in potential areas of dengue fever in Palembang City, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 474-481. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are biting insects commonly found in many areas on earth in subtropics and tropics, especially around residential areas. So far, more than 2500 species have been recorded from various parts of the world. They are the main vectors of many diseases in humans and livestock caused by viruses and parasites. Mosquito diversity and disease transmission are influenced by landscape modifications, namely vectors and pathogens. The study aimed to evaluate the distribution, prevalence and abundance of mosquito species in potential dengue fever districts in Palembang city. The study was conducted in 2 two sub-districts in Palembang City, namely Gandus and Seberang Ulu I that represent housing environment, schools and gardens. Mosquito capture was done during three periods 06.00-10.00, 15.00-18.00, and 19.00-21.00 to align with their active hours. This involved active human landing collection method. 200 ovitraps were set up in both regions to assess the density of mosquitoes. The results showed that the diversity index values in Gandus and the Seberang Ulu I sub-districts were 0.781 and 0.756, respectively. Both values were categorized as low diversity index. Furthermore, the dominance index in Gandus and Seberang Ulu 1 sub-district were 0.105 and 0.031, respectively. It meant that there were no dominant mosquito species in both sub-districts. Based on the results of Independent t-test analysis, it was found that the average number of mosquito populations in Gandus sub-district was 25.07 and Seberang Ulu I sub-district was 13.29. From the results of the analysis it was found that there was no difference in average number of mosquito populations between Gandus and Seberang Ulu I sub-district, with a p-value of 0.367. Further research needs to be directed at uncovering mosquito distribution patterns and their potential as disease vectors, the risk of infectious diseases, and the need for further prevention to reduce the number of disease incidences.

LEVERAGING INSTAGRAM TO ENHANCE THE EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS” VOCABULARY MASTERY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Abstract
 This research aims to find out how effective the impact of Instagram is in improving students' vocabulary understanding. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using Instagram social media in increasing the vocabulary mastery of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Kubutambahan. This type of research is a quasi-experiment involving 64 students selected through an intact group sampling technique. Data collection used quantitative methods with a post-test-only control group design. By using the pre-test as a test of the requirements that the students' abilities between the two classes are the same. And for the post-test is used as a hypothesis test. The results showed that there were significant differences between students' vocabulary mastery before and after the intervention. results of independent t-test analysis on experimental and control group post-test scores obtained t (df = 62) = 0.3.148, p > 0.003. This means that the research hypothesis is accepted. In other words, the use of social media Instagram for learning can improve the vocabulary mastery of class VIII students of SMPN 4 Kubutambahan.

ON THE ASSOCIATION OF IRANIAN EFL TEACHER’S IDENTITY STYLE, RELIGIOUS IDENTITY, AND IDENTITY COMMITMENT

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship among EFL teacher’s identity style, religious identity, and identity commitment. The data was collected from 88 EFL teachers teaching at different English language learning institutes in Ilam province- Iran. Two questionnaires were used, including Dollinger’s (2001) Brief Religiosity Scale (BRS-6) and Berzonsky’s (1992) Identity Style Inventory, the revised version (ISI3). Results suggested that EFL teacher’s identity style and their commitment were positively correlated (r = 0.350). There was also a significant positive correlation between EFL teacher’s religious identity and their commitment (r = 0.312). A significant positive correlation was also found between EFL teacher’s identity style and religious identity (r = 0.367). The results of one-way ANOVA indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in identity style scores, identity commitment scores, and religiosity scores for four groups. The results of independent t-test analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in identity style, identity commitment, and the religiosity scores of the two groups of participants. Finally, the implications and limitations of the study were also discussed.

Evidence-Based Discriminant Analysis: A New Insight into Iron Profile for the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction:Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Neurochemical studies have implicated metals in pathogenesis of PD.Objectives:To examine the association of serum iron, transferrin, ferritin, transferrin saturation and UIBC in PD patients and to derive the Discrimination Function with scores of these variables to correctly classify PD cases and healthy controls.Methods:In the present study, identification of biomarker pool in case-control study involving 79 PD cases and 80 healthy controls were performed.Results:The results of independent t-test analysis showed that PD cases presented significantly higher (P < 0.01) level of transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) and urea than controls. As only one-third of transferrin is saturated with iron, so the transferrin present in serum has the extra binding capacity (67%), this is called UIBC. Discriminant analysis was performed to determine the factors that best discriminate between the categories of an outcome variables (Disease status = PD and Control) and total of five biochemical independent variables (UIBC, transferrin, iron, transferrin saturation, and copper) were taken into consideration. UIBC has emerged out to be highest discriminating, powerful and independent variable among considered independent variables, which indicates iron deficiency. After development of Discriminant Function (Z) and calculation of discriminant function cut points, a cross-validation analysis of PD cases and controls were conducted. The sensitivity of the developed model was 98.73% and specificity 83.75%. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was plotted, and the findings of ROC curve corroborated with the results obtained from discriminant function analysis.Conclusion:Prospective validation of Discriminant model in large cohort is warranted in future studies.

Decreased The Anxiety Scale of Hemodialysis Patients With The Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) and The Autogenic Relaxation

Problems that can be rendered by hemodialysis include anxiety, relationships in marriage, and disobedience in diet and medicine, limitations in lifestyle and threat of death. The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness comparison between the Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) with autogenic relaxation to decrease the anxiety scale of hemodialysis patients. The research design employed Quasy Experiment Without Control Group Design. The results of independent t-test analysis in the Emotional Spiritual intervention group Freedom Technique (SEFT) obtained results p = 0,000, in the Autogenic Relaxation intervention group the results were p = 0,000. The results of the independent t-test analysis showed that p = 0.184. The study indicates that there was no difference between the Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) and Autogenic Relaxation on decreasing the anxiety scale of hemodialysis patients. It is looked forward that the Hospital can enforce independent interventions such as Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) and Autogenic Relaxation to degrade the anxiety scale of hemodialysis patients.

Soursop leaf extract increases neuroglia and hepatic degeneration in female rats

&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND&lt;br /&gt;Soursop leaf contains annonaceous acetogenins and alkaloids. The&lt;br /&gt;acetogenins act as inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I, suppress ATP&lt;br /&gt;production and cause cell degeneration, whereas the alkaloids act as&lt;br /&gt;neurotoxins. Neuronal degeneration will be followed by an increase in&lt;br /&gt;neuroglia (gliosis). Hepatic clear cell foci represent the morphology of liver&lt;br /&gt;degeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of soursop&lt;br /&gt;leaf extract on number of neuroglia brain gliosis and hepatic clear cells in&lt;br /&gt;female rats.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;METHODS&lt;br /&gt;This study was an experimental study with a post-test only control group&lt;br /&gt;design. Ten female Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into one control&lt;br /&gt;and one treatment group. The control group was gavaged with distilled water,&lt;br /&gt;while the treatment group was gavaged with aqueous soursop leaf extract at&lt;br /&gt;a dose of 1000 mg/kgBW/day for 90 days. Rat brain tissue samples were&lt;br /&gt;taken at day 91 with a transcardial perfusion technique. The number of&lt;br /&gt;neuroglia in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and nucleus&lt;br /&gt;accumbens and the number of hepatic clear cells were determined.&lt;br /&gt;Independent t-test was used to examine the differences in the numbers of&lt;br /&gt;neuroglia and hepatic clear cells between control and treatment groups&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;RESULTS&lt;br /&gt;The results of independent t-test analysis found a significant difference in&lt;br /&gt;the number of neuroglia in the cerebral cortex (p=0.015) and nucleus&lt;br /&gt;accumbens of the rats (p=0.030), and significant differences in the number&lt;br /&gt;of hepatic clear cells (p=0.029).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;CONCLUSIONS&lt;br /&gt;Aqueous soursop leaf extract orally increases neuroglia of the cerebral cortex&lt;br /&gt;and nucleus accumbens, and hepatic degeneration in female rats.&lt;/p&gt;

Thai Employees’ Perception Towards Organizational Crisis Preparedness

As numerous disasters and crises occurred in past years, organizations, regardless of organizational types, must be ready and prepared for upcoming incidents, which constantly occur and setback organizations to accomplish goals. The result of unprepared crisis management plan may lead an organization to confront with low morale of workforce, low productivity and profitability, physical damage, and even death of employees. Therefore, preparedness of crisis management is a vital key for business success. The objectives of this study were to examine perceived organizational crisis preparedness of Thai employees, and to compare the differences on organizational and demographic characteristics of employees. Data were collected from 233 employees in a paper packaging company in Thailand by using the self-administrated questionnaire. The results of independent t-test analysis indicated significant mean differences in employment state and education in crisis. In contrast, the finding showed no significant mean difference in work experience. Limitations and further study recommendations were also discussed. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n14p41