Results Of Histopathological Examination Research Articles

MANAGEMENT OF MAMMARY FIBROADENOMA IN ROTTWEILER DOGS

Fibroadenoma mammae is a tumor that is formed from a mixture of fibrous and glandular tissue, usually known as a type of benign tumor that grows on mammae. The aim of this study is to report case management fibroadenoma in rottweiler dogs. A Rottweiler dog eight-year-old with a body weight of 24 kg, female sex with a lump in the left (sinistra) second mammary gland. A physical and clinical examination of the dog showed a healthy dog with a good appetite and drink, normal defecation and urination. Routine hematological examination showed an increase in MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) and a decrease in MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration), but not very significant. The results of histopathological examination of tumor tissue samples, the dog was diagnosed with fibroadenoma mammae with a fausta prognosis. Dogs are handled by performing surgery (excision) with the method of mastectomy (regional) to remove the tumor mass and give the antibiotics cefotaxim, cefixime with anti-inflammatory meloxicam, topical drugs such as Enbatic® and hematodin. After surgical removal of the tumor mass and administration of post-operative therapy, the case dog was declared cured with the surgical wound dry and fused on the fourteenth day. Handling fibroadenoma mammae it must be done as quickly as possible to prevent the tumor from metastasizing to other parts of the body.

NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND AVIAN INFLUENZA IN BROILER THAT VACCINATED ON ONE DAY OLD

Newcastle disease and Avian Influenza are highly contagious viral diseases that can affect poultry with high mortality rates, and are zoonotic diseases that endanger humans. In this case study, broiler chickens aged 12 days were vaccinated at hatching and came from Yangapi Village, Tembuku, Bangli showed clinical symptoms of drooping neck or torticollis, no appetite, and greenish white diluted feces. Examinations are continued at each laboratory to obtain a definite diagnosis. The methods used are anatomical pathology examination, histopathology preparations, HA-HI examination, bacterial identification, and qualitative examination for paracites. The results of anatomical pathology examination found pathognomonic lesions, like ptechie in the proventriculus and ventriculus, enlargement and congestion in the lungs, hemorrhagic trachea, and hyperemic intestines. The results of histopathological examination showed marked changes with single-core inflammatory cells or lymphoid suggesting an infectious agent in the form of a virus. The results of the virology laboratory examination with the HA and HI test showed that the case chicken was positively infected by Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza viruses. Bacteriology laboratory by culture of lung and intestinal organ samples was carried out on Nutrient Agar, followed by selective media Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, primary tests, gram staining, biochemical tests and sugar tests until the results showed that Escherichia coli bacteria grew from the chicken intestines and were classified as normal flora. The results of the examination related to parasites in the feces of case chickens by qualitative methods, natif, sedimentation concentration, and floating were confirmed not to be found worm eggs or coccidia. From this case study, it can be concluded that the case chicken was infected with Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza viruses.

Liquiritin Carbomer Gel Cold Paste Promotes Healing of Solar Dermatitis in Mice.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has various effects on human cells and tissues, which can lead to a variety of skin diseases and cause inconvenience to people's lives. Among them, solar dermatitis is one of the important risk factors for malignant melanoma, so prevention and treatment of solar dermatitis is very necessary. Additionally, liquiritin (LQ) has anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and pro-wound healing effects of liquiritin carbomer gel cold paste (LQ-CG-CP) in vitro and in vivo. The results of MTT experiments showed no cytotoxicity of LQ at concentrations of 40 μg/mL and below and cell damage at UVB irradiation doses above 60 mJ/cm2. Moreover, LQ can promote cell migration. ELISA results also showed that LQ inhibited the elevation of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) after UVB irradiation. In the mouse model of solar dermatitis, 2% LQ-CG-CP showed the best therapeutic efficacy for wound healing and relief of itching compared to MEIBAO moist burn moisturizer (MEBO). What is more, the results of skin histopathological examination show that LQ-CG-CP promotes re-epithelialization, shrinks wounds, and promotes collagen production, thus promoting wound healing. Simultaneously, LQ-CG-CP reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression. In addition, LQ-CG-CP was not observed to cause histopathological changes and blood biochemical abnormalities in mice. Overall, LQ-CG-CP has great potential for the treatment of solar dermatitis.

An enhanced cardio-protective effect of nanoparticles loaded with active components from Polygonum orientale L. against isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia in rats

In this study, nanoparticles loaded with active components from Polygonum orientale L. (PO), a traditional Chinese herb known for its anti-myocardial ischemic properties, were investigated for cardio-protective properties. Specifically, OVQ-Nanoparticles (OVQ-NPs) with Orientin (Ori), Vitexin (Vit), and Quercetin (Que) was obtained by double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The OVQ-NPs exhibited a spherical shape, with a uniform size distribution of 136.77 ± 3.88 nm and a stable ζ-potential of −13.40 ± 2.24 mV. Notably, these nanoparticles exhibited a favorable sustained-release characteristic, resulting in an extended circulation time within the living organism. Consequently, the administration of these nanoparticles resulted in significant improvements in electrocardiograms and heart mass index of myocardial ischemic rats induced by isoproterenol, as well as decreased serum levels of CK, LDH, and AST. Furthermore, the results of histopathological examination, such as H&E staining and TUNEL staining, confirmed a reduced level of cardiac tissue pathology and apoptosis. Moreover, the quantification of biochemical indicators (SOD, MDA, GSH, NO, TNF-α, and IL-6) demonstrated that OVQ-NPs effectively mitigated myocardial ischemia by regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. In conclusion, OVQ-NPs demonstrate promising therapeutic potential as an intervention for myocardial ischemia, providing a new perspective on traditional Chinese medicine treatment in this area.

TIRADS and BETHESDA correlation to histopathological results of thyroid nodules: a case series at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta

Early diagnosis of thyroid nodules is necessary to identify malignancy before surgery. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) and ultrasonography (USG) are supporting examinations for diagnosing thyroid tumors. There have been several previous studies related to the sensitivity of each investigation compared to postoperative biopsy findings. Both have different diagnostic values, and it is hoped that if these two diagnostic methods are applied before surgery, they will have a higher sensitivity value in determining the type of thyroid nodule compared to a single examination. A single-center retrospective case series study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained from hospital records. This study included six thyroid nodule cases, consisting of three (50%) women and three (50%) men. Patients had the appearance and clinical symptoms of swelling in the neck (100%), of which 50% had symptoms of difficulty swallowing and 16% had symptoms of shortness of breath. Three (50%) patients underwent isthmolobectomy, and 3 (50%) patients underwent total thyroidectomy. Three (50%) patients suspected of approaching malignancy based on TIRADS and BETHESDA underwent total thyroidectomy with postoperative histopathological results of non-malignancy. Three (50%) patients with suspected benign nodules based on TIRADS and BETHESDA underwent isthmolobectomy, with postoperative histopathological results indicating non-malignancy. The concordance of the results of the ultrasound examination (TIRADS) and histopathology of thyroid nodules before surgery (BETHESDA) compared with the results of the postoperative histopathological examination was 50%.

TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CYSTIC ENDOMETRITIS WITH PYOMETRA IN 4 YEARS OLD KINTAMANI-BALI DOG

Pyometra in dogs is a condition of accumulation of purulent material in the female dog's uterus caused by hormonal balance resulting in infection and excess fluid production in the uterus. This paper reports the case of a four-year-old female Kintamani-Bali dog with a weight of 13.74 kg who has a complaint of red discharge that has come out through her vagina since 8 month ago. The purpose of writing this article is to provide information regarding methods of handling and evaluating therapy for chronic cystic endometritis in Kintamani Bali dogs. Hematological examination showed that white blood cells were high and ultrasound examination showed uterine abnormalities, namely thickening of the uterine wall and uterine lumen filled with fluid. The results of histopathological examination found several cysts on the uterine mucosal lamina, the uterine mucosa was necrotic accompanied by the infiltration of neutrophil inflammatory cells, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and the muscularis lamina experienced hyperplasia. The diagnosis in the case of dogs had chronic cystic endometritis accompanied by pyometra. The prognosis in this case is fausta. Handling performed on the case dog is by ovaryohysterectomy surgery. Premedication using atropine sulfate, anesthesia with a combination of ketamine and xylazine. The therapy given postoperatively was the antibiotic amoxicillin 7 mg/kg BB intramuscularly and anti-inflammatory and analgesics were given tolfedin 4 mg/kg BB given intramuscularly. Followed by the home administration of amoxicillin 15 mg/kg BB tablets given orally three times a day for seven days and the anti-inflammatory meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg BB tablets given orally once a day for five days. The results of wound healing showed that the healing process on the 14th day was marked by the wound becoming dry. Animal sterile is better done by ovaryohysterectomy.

Correlative Study of Ultrasound Scan, Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology and Histopathology of Thyroid Swellings

Abstract Introduction: Thyroid swellings are common clinical entities with a reported prevalence of about 10% of the adult population. As ultrasound technology is advancing, so is the detection of thyroid lesions, even if they are as small as a few millimetres in size. While fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the standard procedure for thyroid nodule diagnosis; it involves risks and unnecessary costs. However, histopathological examination (HPE) is the gold standard for the classification of thyroid swellings. While individual characteristics of USS which increase the suspiciousness of malignancy, have been studied repeatedly but are inconclusive, we therefore need a comprehensive system of stratifying thyroid nodules and characterising them with confidence so that we can reduce the number of needless painful aspiration and biopsy procedures. Aim: This study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound scans and FNAC in thyroid swellings by comparing them with HPE results. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care centre over a period of 2 years. During this period, a total of 200 patients presented with palpable thyroid nodules in the surgery outpatient department out of which 160 patients were included in our study. All the patients underwent a triple assessment (clinical examination, sonogram and FNAC) and were later posted for surgery, the specimen obtained was sent for HPE. Data were collected and the results were analysed and compared. Results: One hundred and sixty cases with thyroid swellings were studied. Out of the 160 cases, 136 were female and 24 were male with female-to-male ratio of 5.6:1. Based on various ultrasound characteristics of thyroid nodules, each thyroid nodule was classified into ACR-TIRADS categories and then FNAC was done. On HPE diagnosis of 160 cases, 98 (61.3%) patients were benign and 62 (38.8%) patients were malignant. The results of histopathology were correlated with ultrasound features and statistical analysis was done calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for each feature. The sensitivity and specificity for irregular margin were 38.7% and 93.9%, for taller-than-wide were 21% and 100%, for punctate echogenic foci/microcalcification were 8.1% and 100%, for hypoechogenicity were 91.9% and 64.3% and for solid consistency were 69.4% and 76.5%. The risk of malignancy for TIRADS categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 in our study was 2.5%, 21%, 64% and 94%, respectively. In comparison with FNAC diagnosis and HPE, FNAC is 98.0% sensitive and 54.8% specificity in detecting benign lesions while 4.84% sensitivity and 97.96% specificity in detecting malignant lesions. Conclusion: ACR-TIRADS is a good predictor of malignancy. Individual characteristics such as solid composition, hypoechogenicity, irregular borders, taller-than-wide shape and microcalcifications were highly predictive of malignancy. FNAC is of greater help in the pre-operative diagnosis and should be treated as a first-line diagnostic test for thyroid swellings to guide the management though it is not a substitute for HPE.

Diffuse-Type Histology Is Prognostic for All Siewert Types of Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma.

The optimal treatment for gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA) remains controversial. We evaluated the treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with locally advanced GEJA according to the histological type. We conducted a single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients with locally advanced GEJA who underwent curative-intent surgical resection between 2010 and 2020. Perioperative therapies as well as clinicopathologic, surgical, and survival data were collected. The results of endoscopy and histopathological examinations were assessed for Siewert and Lauren classifications. Among the 58 patients included in this study, 44 (76%) were clinical stage III, and all received neoadjuvant therapy (72% chemoradiation, 41% chemotherapy, 14% both chemoradiation and chemotherapy). Tumor locations were evenly distributed by Siewert Classification (33% Siewert-I, 40% Siewert-II, and 28% Siewert-III). Esophagogastrectomy (EG) was performed for 47 (81%) patients and total gastrectomy (TG) for 11 (19%) patients. All TG patients received D2 lymphadenectomy compared to 10 (21%) EG patients. Histopathological examination showed the presence of 64% intestinal-type and 36% diffuse-type histology. The frequencies of diffuse-type histology were similar among Siewert groups (37% Siewert-I, 36% Siewert-II, and 33% Siewert-III). Regardless of Siewert type and compared to intestinal-type, diffuse histology was associated with increased intraabdominal recurrence rates (P=0.03) and decreased overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.33; P=0.02). With a median follow-up of 31.2 months, 29 (50%) patients had a recurrence, and the median overall survival was 50.5 months. Present in equal proportions among Siewert types of esophageal and gastric cancer, a diffuse-type histology was associated with high intraabdominal recurrence rates and poor survival. Histopathological evaluation should be considered in addition to anatomic location in the determination of multimodal GEJA treatment strategies.

Comparative Study of Some Staining Methods for the Demonstration of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies in Gombe State, Nigeria

Background: Currently there are different staining methods available for the demonstration of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies sections. Most of these methods are technically demanding, slow and expensive with varying sensitivity and specificity. Aims: This study was to compare some of these techniques for the detection of H. pylori in routine gastric biopsy tissue sections in order to ascertain their reliability and effectiveness. Methodology: Sixty-five positive and seven negative cases of H. pylori were selected based on the results of rapid urease test, serology test and histopathological examination of the tissue sections. Histopathological examinations of sections stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining method (H&E), Giemsa staining method, modified Giemsa staining method, modified McMullen staining method and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results: The sections were evaluated by two independent observers. The sensitivity and specificity for the techniques were as follow: immunohistochemistry, 100% and 100%; modified Giemsa stain, 96.9% and 85.7%; Giemsa stain, 92.3% and 81.4%; modified McMullen stain, 89.2% and 52.9%; H&E, 90.8% and 77.1%. The interobserver agreement was analyzed by Kappa (k) statistics using SPSS version 23 software. The agreement between the two observers was k: 0.859 (98.4%) for immunohistochemistry; k: 0.777 (96.9%) for modified Giemsa stain; k: 0.533 (95.2%) for Giemsa stain; k: 0.267 (92.1%) for modified McMullen stain; and k: 0.421 (93.7%) for H&E stain. Conclusion: The best results were obtained by the immunohistochemical staining and the Giemsa stainings. Although the immunohistochemistry staining method gives the best result and is very reliable, but it is fairly time consuming and expensive. Therefore, considering the cost, applicability and the reliability of the modified Giemsa or Giemsa stain, we recommend both for the detection of H. pylori in gastric biopsies sections especially in resource constrained laboratories.

Application of Targeted Coronary Angiography in the Diagnosis of Sudden Cardiac Death.

To diagnose coronary artery stenosis by using the postmortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA), and to explore the diagnostic value of PMCTA in sudden cardiac death. Six death cases were selected, and the contrast medium iohexol was injected under high pressure through femoral artery approach with 5F pigtail catheter to obtain coronary image data and then the data was analyzed. The results of targeted coronary imaging and coronary artery calcium score (CaS) were compared with the results of conventional autopsy and histopathological examination. The autopsy and histopathological examination of cases with coronary artery stenosis obtained similar results in targeted coronary angiography, with a diagnostic concordance rate of 83.3%. Targeted coronary angiography could effectively show coronary artery diseases, and the CaS was consistent with the results of conventional autopsy and histopathological examination. Targeted coronary angiography can be used as an effective auxiliary method for conventional autopsy in cases of sudden cardiac death.

Ultrasound and demographic predictors of papillary thyroid cancer local metastasis at the preoperative stage: a predictive model

Background. Due to the low sensitivity and specificity of neck ultrasound in the evaluation of the central lymph nodes, it is necessary to find alternative ways to predict central lymph node metastases in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The purpose of the study is to develop a prognostic model for assessing the risk of local metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer based on preoperative ultrasound and demographic predictors. Materials and methods. A retrospective monocenter cohort study was conducted. The data of 401 patients who underwent surgery for PTC were processed. The main group included 179 patients in whom central lymph node metastases were detected during histopathological examination. The comparison group consisted of 222 patients without metastases according to the results of histopathological examination. When conducting the analysis, the following signs were considered as risk factors: subcapsular location of the tumor; size; blurred boundaries; the presence of calcification areas (microcalcifications); age of a patient. Inclusion criteria: PTC that was cytologically confirmed at the preoperative stage; surgeries (thyroidectomy/hemithyroidectomy and central neck lymph node dissection). Exclusion criteria: history of neck surgery; multifocal lesions of the thyroid gland. Results. The following logistic equation was obtained using the StatPlus program: y = –1.839 – 0.037 × X1 + 0.097 × X2 + 1.123 × X3 + 1.198 × X4 + + 0.692 × X5, where X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 are age (years), size (mm), subcapsular location (presence), blurred boundaries (presence), calcifications (presence), respectively. The obtained prognostic model provided the following operational characteristics when specifying the threshold value for P, which is equal to 0.44 (the decisive rule X > T): sensitivity — 75.4 %, specificity — 79.3 %, diagnostic efficiency — 75.1 %. To assess the quality of the model, the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. The following data were obtained: area under the ROC curve = 0.797 (95% confidence interval: 0.753–0.841), which corresponds to the good quality of the model, and Youden index J = 0.5155. Checking the quality of the model on a control group of 100 people gave the following results: sensitivity — 72.2 %, specificity — 76.1 %, diagnostic efficiency — 75.8 %. Conclusions. The application of a prognostic model based on ultrasound data and the patient’s age makes it possible to predict the presence of local metastases of the PTC at the preoperative stage with a diagnostic efficiency of 75.8 %. No prognostic model gives 100% prediction accuracy. When choosing the treatment, additional influencing factors (history of radiation exposure, burdened family history, etc.) for a specific patient should be considered.

The Potential of a CT-Based Machine Learning Radiomics Analysis to Differentiate Brucella and Pyogenic Spondylitis.

Pyogenic spondylitis (PS) and Brucella spondylitis (BS) are common spinal infections with similar manifestations, making their differentiation challenging. This study aimed to explore the potential of CT-based radiomics features combined with machine learning algorithms to differentiate PS from BS. This retrospective study involved the collection of clinical and radiological information from 138 patients diagnosed with either PS or BS in our hospital between January 2017 and December 2022, based on histopathology examination and/or germ isolations. The region of interest (ROI) was defined by two radiologists using a 3D Slicer open-source platform, utilizing blind analysis of sagittal CT images against histopathological examination results. PyRadiomics, a Python package, was utilized to extract ROI features. Several methods were performed to reduce the dimensionality of the extracted features. Machine learning algorithms were trained and evaluated using techniques like the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC; confusion matrix-related metrics, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis to assess their ability to differentiate PS from BS. Additionally, permutation feature importance (PFI; local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME; and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) techniques were utilized to gain insights into the interpretabilities of the models that are otherwise considered opaque black-boxes. A total of 15 radiomics features were screened during the analysis. The AUC value and Brier score of best the model were 0.88 and 0.13, respectively. The calibration plot and decision curve analysis displayed higher clinical efficiency in the differential diagnosis. According to the interpretation results, the most impactful features on the model output were wavelet LHL small dependence low gray-level emphasis (GLDN). The CT-based radiomics models that we developed have proven to be useful in reliably differentiating between PS and BS at an early stage and can provide a reliable explanation for the classification results.

Thoracoscopy and Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy in Diagnostics of Pneumothoraxes, Traumatic Defeats of Thorax with Pneumothoraxes

In modern conditions, it is necessary to carry out interdisciplinary clinical and pharmacological, organizational and pharmaceutical researches on the correctness of diagnosis, treatment, pharmacotherapy and the appointment of life-necessary, effective, safe and high-quality medicines. This is due to the fact that the system of legal relations "doctor-patient-pharmacist" during the pandemic of COVID-19 and associated diseases (cardiovascular, oncological, tuberculosis, type I and II diabetes, asthma, HIV/AIDS, drug addiction, alcoholism, psychoneurological, injuries resulting from traffic accidents and combat operations, pain of various genesis and others) showed the need to improve the health care sector in each country, in general, and the work of a separate health care institution, doctor, nurse and pharmacist , in particular, that is, access to medical services and provision of medicines to patients.
 The analysis of the anonymous results of diagnostics among 1368 patients and in 160 victims with closed chest trauma was carried out. There were 425 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. Thoracoscopy or video thoracoscopy was used to verify nosologies. During the thoracoscopic examination, bullous emphysema of the lungs was found among 336 patients (79%) with pneumothorax, tuberculosis was diagnosed among 47 people (11%), lung cancer in 6.8% – 29 people; silicosis – 2.4% (10 people); sarcoid – 0.7% (3 people). According to the results of histopathological examination of biopsies obtained during thoracoscopy, tuberculous exudative pleurisy was found in 563 patients, lung cancer was the cause of the exudate in 133 cases, pleural mesothelioma was diagnosed in 98 cases, exudative pleurisy was caused by a nonspecific inflammatory process of the lungs in 149 patients. Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy is recommended to be used in patients with closed chest trauma with multiple rib fractures, complicated by small hemothorax, pneumothorax, to diagnose possible damage to the diaphragm, lungs, and pericardium.

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in the Oral Cavity

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare hematological malignancy. The incidence of this disease is only 1% of soft tissue and lymph node cancer. Clinical manifestations and organ involvement vary widely. Lesions in the oral cavity are rare. LCH occurs more often in children, 10 times more often than in young adults.
 Case presentation: A 20-year-old male came with the main complaint of a lump on the roof of the mouth and the right inner cheek. Physical examination of the face and oral cavity found a mass attached to the palate 1x1x1 cm with the same color as the surrounding tissue, flat surface, soft consistency, could be moved, and a mass was found in the left buccal 2x2x2 cm, with the same color as the surrounding tissue, flat surface, cystic consistency, not fixed and can be moved. Hematology laboratory examination was within normal limits, so no examination was carried out for bone marrow puncture (BMP). From the results of a CT scan of the head and neck, a solid mass was found with a hypodense part in it in the right buccal area attached to m. right masseter, and in the left hard palate area, which was suggestive of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The results of histopathological examination of the lesion which underwent an incisional biopsy showed positive S100 and CD1a, this patient was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis LCH. Next, this patient was treated with excision of the mass in the palate and buccal area. The patient was treated in the surgical inpatient department for 2 days, and the postoperative wound was in good condition.
 Conclusion: Cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are very rare cases that have different clinical symptoms depending on the organs involved, so it is important to understand this disease better. In this case, it was unilocal LCH without the involvement of other organs, so only local therapy was carried out in the form of surgical excision and observation was carried out after 3 months after surgery with the results of the wound improving without any new lumps appearing.

Metastasis of tongue cancer locatedunilaterally, not crossing the midline,to the lymph nodes of the neck.

<br><b>Introduction:</b> In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of tongue cancer. Rapid asymptomatic growth, early metastases, and crossing lymphatic drainage of the tongue reduce the chances of successful therapy. The presence of metastases in cervical lymph nodes is also an important prognostic factor.</br> <br><b>Aim:</b> The aim of the study is a retrospective analysis of the incidence of unilateral and bilateral metastases within the cervical lymphatic system in patients with unilateral tongue cancer that does not cross the midline.</br> <br><b>Materials and methods:</b> A retrospective study of a group of patients hospitalized and treated for malignant tongue cancers at the Clinical Ward of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery of the Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology of the Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute in Warsaw in 2012-2023. As many as 106 patients treated for unilateral tongue cancer that has not crossed the midline were selected, who also underwent unilateral or bilateral cervical lymphadenectomy, apart from primary tumor resection and reconstruction. The analysis was based on the medical records of the patients, results of imaging and histopathological examinations, and surgical procedure protocols.</br> <br><b>Results:</b> In a group of 106 patients with unilateral tongue cancer, in whom the cancer did not cross the midline, 47 patients underwent unilateral lymphadenectomy, of which 16 had lymph node metastases. Bilateral lymph node removal was performed in 59 patients. In 26 cases metastases were detected only in ipsilateral lymph nodes, and in 13 cases metastases were found in contralateral lymph nodes. Among 106 patients, occult metastases were detected in 21 patients.</br> <br><b>Conclusions:</b> Due to the crossing of the lymphatic drainage of the tongue, which allows for the possibility of contralateral metastases, and the impact of the operation on oncological efficacy, it is reasonable to perform bilateral cervical lymphadenectomy.</br&gt.

The importance of preoperative and perioperative Narrow Band Imaging endoscopy in the diagnosis of pre-tumor and tumor lesions of the larynx.

Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an endoscopic imaging method intended for the diagnosis of mucosal lesions of the larynx that are not visible in white-light endoscopy, but are typical of pre-tumor and tumor lesions of the larynx. To compare preoperative/perioperative white light endoscopy and NBI endoscopy with the results of histopathological examinations in pre-tumor and tumor lesions of the larynx. A prospective study, over a period of five years (5/2018-5/2023), included 87 patients with laryngeal lesions aged 24-80 years. We evaluated preoperative/ perioperative white light and NBI endoscopy, established a working prehistological diagnosis, and compared this with the definitive histopathological results of laryngeal biopsies. In relation to the definitive histology score, a statistically significant correlation was found between the evaluation of the finding and the definitive histology for preoperative and perioperative white light endoscopy and NBI endoscopy (p < 0.001). Both methods showed higher precision when used perioperatively. NBI endoscopy is an optical method that allows us to improve the diagnosis of laryngeal lesions, perform a controlled perioperative biopsy, and refine the surgical scope. The NBI endoscopy is a suitable method for the diagnosis of early cancerous lesions of the larynx. The use of preoperative/perioperative NBI endoscopy allowed us to achieve a high level of agreement correlation (p < 0.001) between the prehistological working diagnosis and the final histopathological result. The NBI method proves its application in the diagnosis of pre-tumor and tumor lesions of the larynx.

Utility of histopathological examination in aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty: a preliminary analysis.

The utility of a routine histopathological examination in aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) has not been well explored. We aim to describe the approach and present the results of histopathological examination, focusing on its clinical usefulness in the setting of aseptic revision THA. We retrospectively reviewed 285 performed aseptic revision THA with available histopathological reports between 2015 and 2017 at a single institution. We described histopathological requests by the surgical team. Preoperative diagnoses, intraoperative findings, as well as histopathology and culture results were analysed. 13 painful THAs (4.5%) had preoperatively unknown diagnoses. In 10 of them, potential causes of pain were intraoperatively identified. Histopathology confirmed these findings in 8 THAs. 19 THAs (6.7%) revealed unexpected positive cultures (UPC). Histopathology was negative for infection in 18 of them. Among 16 consultants, 3 surgeons requested histopathology in 47% of the cases (130/285), usually to exclude infection (101/285; 35%). Documentation for tissue sample location was lacking in 51% (145/285), and for question asked by the surgeon in 47% (135/285). Histopathology is deemed a useful confirmatory tool in the context of ruling out infection in UPCs, and in documenting intraoperative findings in painful THAs with unknown preoperative diagnoses. Importantly, the approach to requesting histopathology should be optimised. Further large-scale studies, including cost analyses, are warranted to explore the usefulness of histopathology in routine utility.

Effective Use of microRNA, BRAF and Sonographic Risk Assessment in Bethesda III Thyroid Nodules Requires a Different Approach to Nodules with Features of Nuclear Atypia and Other Types of Atypia.

The aim of the study was to analyze the diagnostic usefulness of the combined assessment of the ultrasound risk category of the nodule (evaluated with EU-TIRADS system), the presence of BRAF V600E mutation and the expression of selected microRNAs (miR-146b, miR-221 and miR-222) in Bethesda category III thyroid nodules, separately for cases with nuclear atypia (AUS-nuclear) and cases with other types of atypia (AUS-other). We evaluated 161 nodules (66 AUS-nuclear and 95 AUS-other) with known results of postoperative histopathological examination. The rate of cancer and the rate of PTC among cancers were nearly three times higher in the AUS-nuclear than the AUS-other group. For AUS-nuclear nodules, the most effective diagnostic panel included, in addition to repeat FNA, the assessment of BRAF V600E mutation and the expression of miR-146b and miR-222 (sensitivity: 93.5%, specificity: 80.0%). For AUS-other nodules, a two-step procedure was most effective: at the first stage, forgoing surgical treatment in subjects with a benign repeat FNA outcome, and, at the second stage, the assessment of miR-222 expression and the EU-TIRADS category (sensitivity: 92.3%, specificity: 76.8%). The optimal use of molecular methods in the diagnostics of category III thyroid nodules requires a separate approach for nodules with nuclear atypia and nodules with other types of atypia.

Borderline type leprosy with variation of clinical manifestations and histopathology: two case reports

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/HgIJyHrxoOc Background: Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This disease can be diagnosed if one of the four criteria is met. Histopathological examination can vary depending on the spectrum of the disease. The following describes two cases of borderline-type leprosy that aimed to increase understanding of the diagnosis and management of leprosy, especially the borderline type. Cases: Both cases had complaints of numb spots on the body. The first case had more lesions than the second one with borderline-borderline histopathological examination results, while the second one had borderline lepromatous histopathological examination results. Both patients received the same therapy (multidrug therapy for multibacillary leprosy). During observation, there were no drug side effects that the patient could not tolerate. The prognosis in both cases is dubia, depending on the patient's adherence to treatment. Conclusion: The diversity of clinical and histopathological features can occur, including cases of leprosy. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment should be started as possible to prevent disabilities.

Multi‐classificationof brain tumor by using deep convolutional neural network model inmagnetic resonance imagingimages

AbstractBrain tumors are still diagnosed and classified based on the results of histopathological examinations of biopsy samples. The existing method requires extra effort from the user, takes too long, and can lead to blunders. These limitations underline the need of employing a fully automated deep learning system for the multi‐classification of brain tumors. In order to facilitate early detection, this study employs a convolutional neural network (CNN) to multi‐classify brain tumors. In this research, we present three distinct CNN models for use in three separate categorization tasks. The first CNN model can correctly categorize brain tumors 99.74% of the time. The second CNN model is 96.27% accurate in differentiating between normal, glioma, meningioma, pituitary, and metastatic brain tumors. The third CNN model successfully distinguishes between Grades II, III, and IV brain tumors 99.18% of the time. The Hybrid Particle Swarm Grey Wolf Optimization (HPSGWO) technique is used to quickly and accurately determine optimal values for all of CNN models most important hyperparameters. An HPSGWO algorithm is used to fine‐tune all the necessary hyperparameters for optimal classification performance. The results are compared with standard existing CNN models across a range of performance measures. The proposed models are trained using publicly available large clinical datasets. To verify their initial multi‐classification of brain tumors, clinicians and radiologists might use the proposed CNN models.