Results Of Empirical Research Research Articles

Artificial intelligence and labor demand: An empirical analysis of Chinese small and micro enterprises

The widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has triggered a significant transformation in the economic structure and has brought profound changes to human society. As China promotes the digital transformation of industries, understanding how the investment in AI by small and micro enterprises (SMEs) affects labor demand, which is inextricably linked to “stable employment”, becomes an important question. This paper uses special data from 127 SMEs in 14 provinces from 2016 to 2020 and employs a two-way fixed effects model to study the impact of AI inputs on enterprises’ labor demand. The empirical results show that the impact of AI inputs on the labor demand of SMEs is not significant overall, but shows a significant negative effect in non-state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, and high-tech enterprises. There is a significant difference in the impact of AI inputs on the labor demand of different industries, with only the wholesale and retail industry demonstrating a significant positive impact. From the results of mechanism analysis, the substitution effect and creation effect of AI inputs on labor demand coexist, and in general, these two effects cancel each other out. However, the substitution effect dominates in some types of enterprises and industries. Finally, this paper discusses the government and enterprise coping strategies for the employment impact of AI applications based on empirical evidence and research results. This paper not only theoretically demonstrates that the impact of AI investment on firms' labor demand is uncertain, but also empirically demonstrates that Chinese firms' AI investment does not significantly affect firms' overall labor demand. This facilitates the government and enterprises to formulate strategies that can enhance the level of enterprise intelligence without impacting the labor market.

СТАБІЛІЗАЦІЯ ПСИХІЧНОГО СТАНУ В УЯВЛЕННЯХ СТУДЕНТІВ-ПСИХОЛОГІВ

Purpose. Based on the analysis of the results of the theoretical and empirical study, to describe the perceptions of psychology students about mental stabilization in order to further take into account the results obtained in professional training, in particular, in teaching such disciplines as «Crisis Psychology», «Psychological Assistance in Emergency Situations», etc. Methods. Online survey in Google forms; content analysis; frequency analysis; interpretation and generalization of empirical research results. Results. The most frequent words in the respondents' answers about stabilization of the mental state were: «state»; «mental», «psychological», «psyche», «soul»; «me»; «person», «people»; «stabilization», «stable» / «unstable», «stabilize», «stability»; «emotions», «emotional», «emotionality»; «calm», «calm down», «normal», «normalization», «normalize»; «stress», «stressful» and similar; they were used by the vast majority of respondents when answering the question «How do you understand the expression «stabilization of mental state»?». The content analysis of answers to the question «In what cases does a person need to stabilize their mental state?» revealed that the majority of respondents believe that stabilization of the mental state is necessary in case of disharmony and imbalance of the mental and emotional sphere, stress, deterioration of health; a significant number of respondents consider external factors (traumatic, extreme and emergency events) to be cases in which a person may need mental stabilization. The results of the content analysis of answers to the question «Why should a person stabilize their mental state?» show that a minority of respondents have an active position aimed at changing their mental state, improving it, and achieving results; the majority is focused either on maintaining the current state or avoiding negative consequences. Conclusions. The results of both the theoretical review and the survey draw attention, on the one hand, to the superficiality, stereotypicality, and the presence of various interpretations of the stabilization of mental states by modern researchers, and, on the other hand, to the stereotypicality, formality, and abstractness of future psychologists' understanding of the stabilization of mental states.

Exploring the Complexities of L2 English Academic Writing

L2 English academic writing, now a well-established field of study, incorporates a large number of interrelated issues from the perspectives of context, participants, process and textual realisation, informing various instructional models of English for academic purposes in university contexts globally. This paper looks at a number of major theoretical traditions and relevant research findings focusing on the characteristics of academic texts, writers, readers and the writing process, and shows how each tradition has inspired the development of particular approaches to teaching L2 English academic writing. Textual features are discussed from the points of view of genre and register analysis, and contextual features are looked at in terms of individual novice L2 writer characteristics, including writing strategies, the relationship between L1 and L2 academic writing, and the cultural background of writers. Related instructional models include product-, process-, and genre-based approaches whose operationalisations are closely linked to particular theoretical traditions. The paper argues that the pedagogical considerations stemming from different theoretical backgrounds and empirical research results can complement each other in a useful way leading to a more comprehensive pedagogical approach, and that the application of a well-informed, carefully selected and carefully sequenced combination of teaching techniques and accompanying materials can contribute to the successful development of L2 English academic writing skills.

საზოგადოებასთან ურთიერთობების გამოწვევები თანამედროვე საქართველოს საჯარო მმართველობაში

There are some modern problems in public relations that affect the political processes in the public administration of Georgia. The results of empirical research are discussed, the role of public relations in the state management process is analyzed on the example of Georgia; The main challenges that different political groups face in the process of implementing public relations are highlighted. The research was conducted through semistructured in-depth interviews with a targeted selection of politicians and PR professionals, both political actors and representatives of international and local organizations. The key issues of the interview included characterizing the role and importance of public relations in the state management process; the main features of the government's PR campaign; characterizing the public relations campaign of the opposition; Expectations of the population from the government, etc. Appropriate conclusions have been drawn and the relevant recommendations have been formulated in order to improve the political climate in Georgia.

ინტერნეტინფრასტრუქტურის, როგორც ინფორმაციის თავისუფლების უზრუნველყოფის ინსტრუმენტის ეფექტიანობის ანალიზი საქართველოში

The state of Internet infrastructure in Georgia is examined as an important tool for ensuring freedom of information. The problems that affect the quality of freedom of information and the provision of public information in Georgia are highlighted. For this purpose, the results of empirical research are discussed and the importance of information in cyberspace is analyzed to ensure access to public information, and the main problems faced by the state and society in conditions of freedom of information are highlighted. The objectives of the reaserch included analysis of the existing Internet infrastructure in Georgia, public information in cyberspace, freedom of information, consumption of information proactively published by administrative bodies, as well as the quality of the provision of public information in this regard.

The criteria for qualifying fuels as a replacement fuels for internal combustion engines

The article presents the classification of motor fuels into conventional and unconventional. The concept of replacement fuels is formalized as fuels that can replace conventional petroleum fuels for spark ignition and self-ignition engines without any structural or regulatory changes. The criteria for qualification unconventional fuels as replacement fuels are presented. This article also introduces the results of empirical research conducted on a single-cylinder research engine powered by diesel fuel and rapeseed methyl esters (RME) in summer version and winter version. The engine was tested and the combustion phenomenon in the cylinder was analyzed. Very similar engine properties were observed for diesel fuel and rapeseed methyl esters (RME) in the summer version, while greater differences were found for rapeseed methyl esters (RME) with winter additives. In light of the empirical research and the physicochemical properties of the fuels, it is concluded that RME warrants consideration as replacement fuel for engines with self-ignition, especially in the case of biofuel in the summer version.

NETWORK APPROACH IN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP:PRELIMINARY RESULTSOF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the possibilities of using network approach in social entrepreneurship as one of the key tools for the sustainability of social enterprises. The authors first consider the approaches to determine the nature of social entrepreneurship in general, as well as the prerequisites for applying network approach in social entrepreneurship in particular. Such a preliminary theoretical review is important, since despite the popularity of the concept “social entrepreneurship”, at the same time we observe great uncertainty and fragmentation in the theory of social entrepreneurship, in matters of legislative regulation and state support in this area. Defining the essence of social entrepreneurship through the prism of institutional analysis is most relevant, since it is an approach that makes it possible to correlate the benefits and costs of a particular form of organization at a fundamental level, to cover the phenomenon at large, and not just individual manifestations of its features. The effectiveness of the application of the network approach in various forms of organizations has long been proven both in the new institutional economic theory and in various management concepts. The application of network approach in social entrepreneurship is also relevant. The article considers certain implications in applying this form of organization of economic interaction in the field of social entrepreneurship. The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted in February-April 2022 among Russian entrepreneurs while preparing for the interregional expert session «Entrepreneurial networks as a factor in the sustainable development of the territory». The survey conducted by the method of questioning, including closed and open questions involved 115 people from 30 regions of Russia - owners and founders of small and medium-sized businesses. The paper concludes with presenting possible ways of applying the results of empirical research for the development of network forms of organization in social entrepreneurship.

Patent pledge and corporate risk-taking: A quasi-natural experiment from China's patent pledge pilot

Intellectual property pledge financing, as a novel financing method, plays a significant role in alleviating financial constraints for enterprises and encouraging them to increase their risk-taking levels. Empirical research results demonstrate that patent pledging significantly enhances the risk-taking levels of enterprises. Further studies reveal that the effect of patent pledging on enhancing corporate risk-taking is more pronounced in samples with greater financing constraints and higher human capital. These research findings provide substantial micro-level evidence for the state to further promote the objectives of the patent pledge policy.

Хибридни войни, медии, интернет: основни понятия и пресечни точки

Abstract: The article is predominantly of a theoretical and review nature and the aim is to bring out notions related to hybrid warfare, the role of the media and the Internet in a complicated and at the same time dynamically developing inter¬national environment through a critical reading of scientific publications, strate¬gies and normative documents. The scientific field implies an interdisciplinary approach. The methods of analysis and synthesis and desk research are used. No empirical research results are presented, but examples are given as illustrations of events and processes related to hybrid warfare. An attempt is made to answer the research questions: What are the characteristics of hybrid warfare in the 21st century? How does the media function in the face of confrontation, cyber threats and cyber security dangers? The article outlines the characteristics of hybrid warfare and describes the specifics of media used for information dissemination and manipulation. The role of institutions is outlined and some of their functions to neutralize the effects of disinformation in hybrid warfare are indicated. Keywords: hybrid warfare, internet, media, social networks, communication.

Initial psychological assistance for military servants with symptoms of acute stress disorder

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the psychological features of providing initial psychotherapeutic assistance to victims, in particular to military servants. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical analysis of scientific works; observation of servicemen in hospital conditions; conversations with servicemen and doctors; and interviews with foreign colleagues. Findings As a result of theoretical and empirical research, it was found that initial psychological assistance is more effective if it is provided in a timely and comprehensive manner in cooperation with medical assistance, if the recommended exercises are performed systematically by the victim and if a certain algorithm for providing initial psychotherapeutic assistance is used. Originality/value The authors present their own algorithm for providing initial psychological assistance to military servants: psychophysiological stabilization; adjustment of emotional balance; restoration of cognitive processes and acquisition of constructive coping strategies; and formation of life meanings that provide an opportunity to survive the crisis period of life. In this paper, the authors also note the importance of providing psychological first aid to victims of extreme situations in a timely manner, which helps reduce the intensity of symptoms of acute stress disorder and reduces the likelihood of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Empirical Research of Professional Creativity of the Head of Educational Institution

The aim of our research is to show the concepts of “professional creativity” and “creativity in the process of professional activity”; to organize the experimental research and to analyze its results; to describe the processes cause a creative reinterpretation of stereotypes – meaning-making – and changes in the entire life process – life-making; to show the results of empirical researches of professional creativity of the head of educational institutions. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling and generalization. The experimental method was the method of organizing empirical research. The results of the research. We proved, that if there was no personal meaning in the process of professional activity, for the sake of which professional activity would be carried out, and only the objective orientation of this activity was expressed. Then such activity would not take the form of creative activity, it would not reflect the actual spiritual search on oneself that is meaningful for a person. The internal objective determinants, the objective orientation of the process of professional activity allows the manager to find his/her own personal meaning, and only when the manager clearly understands why he/she will carry out creative activity, its goals and values will be determined. Only in the case when the process of professional creativity acquires a personally significant meaning for the manager, only then this activity can be considered in a creative aspect, in the paradigm of the manager’s acquisition of personal meanings and the formation of his/her creative individuality. Thus, the professional creativity of a manager is understood by us as a conscious, purposeful, active process of the unique activity of its kind, aimed at finding a new, independent, innovative and original way of managing the activities of subordinates with the aim of highly effective creative resolution of managerial tasks and problems. Conclusions. The results of professional creativity are: a new understanding of the subject of activity – the creation of new ideas, programs, concepts, projects, paradigms, aimed at obtaining fundamentally new results, which make it possible to involve a wider social community in creative cooperation; the emergence of new ways of carrying out professional activities, hitherto unknown technologies, activity algorithms, etc. Professional creativity of the manager is accompanied by constant personal development – the need for new, original, non-standard and unique ideas.

Training and education of interpreters to audio description

Relevance. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to improve the situation with the inclusion of visually impaired persons in Kazakhstan by improving the quality and efficiency of education of audio description interpreters. Purpose. This article is aimed at creating and testing a methodology for training interpreters of audio description interpreting, contributing to the training of qualified interpreters of audio description and ensuring accessibility of information for visually impaired persons. Methodology. The leading method of researching this problem was experimentation, which allowed evaluating the effectiveness of the developed method of training interpreters of audio description interpreting. The following methods of cognition were also used: system analysis, logical analysis, comparison, synthesis, deduction, and classification. Results. The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical research on audio description interpreting, exploring the concept, role, and spheres of activity of audio description interpreters. It substantiates the significance of assistive technologies and screen readers, while describing the prospects of applying interpreters' skills in collaboration with assistive technology developers to enhance the experience of visually impaired users. Additionally, the article discusses ways to develop skills in working with assistive technologies, including self-education and participation in the professional community. Conclusions. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of an integrated approach to teaching audio description interpreting, improving both professional skills and information accessibility for the visually impaired in Kazakhstan, while suggesting future collaborations for more inclusive communication resources. Keywords: methodology efficacy assessment; inclusion; assistive technologies; listening; interpretation; braille

Training and education of interpreters to audio description

Relevance. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to improve the situation with the inclusion of visually impaired persons in Kazakhstan by improving the quality and efficiency of education of audio description interpreters. Purpose. This article is aimed at creating and testing a methodology for training interpreters of audio description interpreting, contributing to the training of qualified interpreters of audio description and ensuring accessibility of information for visually impaired persons. Methodology. The leading method of researching this problem was experimentation, which allowed evaluating the effectiveness of the developed method of training interpreters of audio description interpreting. The following methods of cognition were also used: system analysis, logical analysis, comparison, synthesis, deduction, and classification. Results. The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical research on audio description interpreting, exploring the concept, role, and spheres of activity of audio description interpreters. It substantiates the significance of assistive technologies and screen readers, while describing the prospects of applying interpreters' skills in collaboration with assistive technology developers to enhance the experience of visually impaired users. Additionally, the article discusses ways to develop skills in working with assistive technologies, including self-education and participation in the professional community. Conclusions. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of an integrated approach to teaching audio description interpreting, improving both professional skills and information accessibility for the visually impaired in Kazakhstan, while suggesting future collaborations for more inclusive communication resources. Keywords: methodology efficacy assessment; inclusion; assistive technologies; listening; interpretation; braille

HOW SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTIONS AFFECT THE WAY COMPANIES FUNCTION – A CASE STUDY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TFL ENTITY GEIS GLOBAL LOGISTICS

The aim of the article is to present the essence of disruptions in the supply chain and assess how they are linked with enterprise resilience. Furthermore, it aims to indicate how company’s operations are impacted in the long term. The article has a theoretical and empirical character. It presents the results of empirical research conducted in the third quarter of 2022 at Geis Global Logistics. Here we look to answer three research questions concerning the problems and challenges resulting from the pandemic and geopolitical crisis, their role in creating new development opportunities for the company, and defining key logistics and supply chain strategies to maintain its competitiveness in a turbulent environment. The results show the actions taken by the Transport Forwarding Logistics (TFL) industry entity to survive and be competitive in the market, i.e., building resilience through the ability to absorb, react, and rebuild after disruptions.

Театральне виховання та соціальний розвиток учнів з порушеннями інтелектуального розвитку (на прикладі діяльності комплексу спеціальних шкіл у Червйонка-Лещинах, Польща)

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the importance of theatre education in the social development of younger pupils of special schools. The theoretical part presents the theatre education of students with special educational needs, outlines the portrait of students with intellectual disabilities and defines the specifics of the activities of the Complex of Special Schools in Czerwionka-Leszczyny. The practical part of the article presents theatre education in the Complex of these schools based on interviews with the leaders of the drama club and group “Zetki”, on the school's journal and the results of the survey conducted amongst the members of the group. The article proves that theatrical activity promotes integration through the development of interpersonal skills and verbal and non-verbal communication, improvement of visual-hearing-motor coordination, as well as the formation of a sense of empathy and imagination of persons with disabilities. The importance of a friendly atmosphere and mutual acceptance of all participants during theatre activities is emphasised. The authors use the method of theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the research topic; the method of survey, as well as the analysis of the results of empirical research.

IMPACT OF DIGITAL MARKETING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMPANIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF SERBIA

This paper explores the impact of digital marketing on the business operations of companies in the agricultural sector of Serbia. Accordingly, the research objective is to determine critical success factors of digital marketing channels in companies within this sector. Given the stated research objective, the following general hypothesis has been formulated: digital marketing channels such as effective presence on social media, website quality, online sales and search engine optimization have a significant positive impact on the business performance of companies in the agricultural sector in Serbia. Successful implementation of these types of digital marketing channels by companies is expected to lead to increased visibility, engagement of the target audience, and improved sales. Consequently, the results of empirical research provide more insightful perspectives on the state of this field, identifying specific aspects of digital marketing that significantly contribute to the business performance of companies in the agricultural sector of Serbia.

디지털 리터러시역량이 기술창업 기회역량에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

This study investigates how strengthening college students' digital literacy competency and technology start-up opportunity capacity affects the development of career paths such as employment and entrepreneurship, and determines how digital literacy competency strengthens college students' ability to prepare for the future. This study was conducted to find ways to help college students discover entrepreneurship opportunities through empirical research on competency. The main empirical research results are as follows. First, the higher the digital literacy competency, the higher the potential entrepreneur's technical knowledge, creative thinking, and technology commercialization feasibility assessment, which was found to have a positive impact on technology startup opportunity capabilities. Second, among the sub-variables of digital literacy capabilities and technological startup opportunity capabilities, innovativeness was found to have a positive moderating effect in the relationship between technological knowledge and creative thinking. These analysis results suggest that digital literacy capabilities can increase innovation in relation to technical knowledge and creative thinking. Third, innovativeness, risk tolerance, and competitive attitude were found to have a positive moderating effect in the relationship between digital literacy competency and technology startup opportunity competency evaluation of technology commercialization potential. Fourth, although it has been shown in previous studies that digital literacy competency has a positive effect on technology startup opportunity capabilities, in this study, the interaction effects with innovativeness, risk tolerance, and competitive attitude were analyzed in more depth. This result suggests that digital literacy capabilities alone are not sufficient to increase entrepreneurial opportunity capabilities and must be considered along with other factors such as innovativeness, risk tolerance, and competitive attitude. In particular, people with high innovativeness tend to accept new ideas, and people with high risk tolerance tend to take on challenges without fear of failure. These characteristics can play an important role in increasing the capacity for entrepreneurial opportunities, so it is important to consider these factors together. Additionally, this suggests that education and support programs that help college students and young entrepreneurs develop and strengthen these capabilities are becoming more important.

Socio-ethical determinants of operational and accounting manipulation. Empirical research results

Purpose: This article assesses the impact of personal moral philosophies, ethics, and ethical judgment on operational and accounting manipulation among accounting students. Methodology/approach: An analysis of the literature on the research subject was used, and a survey on perceptions of accounting manipulations (ACC) and operational manipulations (OM) was conducted among a group of accounting students studying at two universities in Poland. A linear regression model, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to verify the research hypotheses. Findings: The research results offer insights into how accounting students perceive accounting and operational manipulation, revealing differences in the ethical assessment of these phenomena depending on the respondent’s moral attitude. We found that age significantly influences the assessment of accounting manipulations and that ethical ideologies influence the manipulation of moral judgments in the case of unemployed people. Research limitations/implications: A significant limitation is that the study focused on students, which may bias findings. To draw broader conclusions, it would be necessary to include working people in the study, with further differentiation based on their profession and position in the organisation. Originality/value: The article contributes to behavioural accounting thanks to pioneering insights into students’ perceptions of accounting and operational manipulation in Poland. The results serve as a foundation for future research. They also raise awareness of future accounting specialists on behavioural and ethical issues they may encounter during the educational process. Professional associations may also use the material when working on ethical standards.

Ethics Education in the Context of an Interreligious Encounter Day (IED): Empirical Research Results from Austria

This article adds an empirical contribution to international discussions on interreligious education, taking the point of view of the academic study of religion. It presents results from a Viennese research project that used a participant observation design to analyze one of the more recent pedagogical formats to deal with religious plurality at school—the so-called Interreligious Encounter Day (IED). More precisely this article focuses on the role of Ethics Education (EE) within the context of a specific IED that was organized in 2019. Along those lines, it highlights the ambiguity of IED practices at a school by presenting a threefold argument: first, the article makes the point that the IED opened up a space to explicitly make religion a subject of discussion at school. Second, it argues that—within the context of the IED—religion is constructed in a specific way that can be described as ‘school religion’. Third, it proposes that the observed IED format has the tendency to prioritize specific individual constructions of religion—especially those prompted by theology.

The Use of Technological Bricks in Agile: Conclusions Based on Analysis of the Literature and on Empirical Research

Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the level of Agile implementation in organisations in Poland and to determine the most commonly used Agile methods. The intention of this paper is to present the results of empirical research on technological tools supporting agile organisations in Poland and consider which digital competencies may favour their use. Research Design & Methods: This paper presents a review of the literature and the results of empirical research on the use of information technology in enterprises which follow Agile practices and approaches. Empirical research is based on an interview questionnaire, which contained questions about the level of Agile implementation in the organisation, Agile implementation and support areas, support factors, barriers to implementation, and implementation results. Findings: The paper presents the main IT tools used in agile enterprises and the results of research conducted in this field. The study shows that in 2019 companies mainly used the Agile approach for the creation of innovative services and (or) products. Research also indicates that, when it comes to Agile Good Practices, respondents most often use Scrum and Kanban. Practices such as DevOps, TDD, or SAFe were much less frequently used by the companies surveyed. Implications / Recommendations: The results of the research provide valuable information on three issues: implementation of the Agile approach in Polish enterprises, assessment of the use of technological bricks in Polish enterprises, and an analysis of good practices in Polish enterprises. The research also indicates directions for further research. Among others, it is recommended to repeat the research on the level of agility of the organisation in Poland, primarily to check whether the level of implementation has changed and whether the implementation has taken place in other key areas of the company. Contribution: Literature review and economic practice indicate that there is increasing popularity of the use of information technologies, not only in agile organisations but in general, requiring employees and managers to improve their digital competencies. This paper addresses the need to evaluate the current state of Agile implementation in the organisation and examines the use of technological bricks in Agile in both theoretical and empirical ways.