Results Of Different Surgical Techniques Research Articles

Endoscopic repair of septal perforation in children

ObjectiveBeing increasingly faced with the problem of pediatric nasal septal perforations, we have found that the surgical management of nasal septal perforations in children is not widely described in the litrature. The objective of our study was to demonstrate the results of different surgical techniques, including two original endoscopic techniques, in the septal perforation repair in children. Methods24 children, ranging between 6 and 17 years of age, with nasal septal perforations were operated using different endoscopic techniques from February 2015 to May 2019 at the special tertiary referral clinic. Apart from well-known techniques, such as anterior ethmoidal artery flap, intranasal bipedicled advancement flap, sublabial flap, free temporal fascia graft, we used two original techniques – inverted edges technique and cross-septal returned flap. ResultsThe total rate of complete perforation closure was 79% (19 of 24 patients). Regarding the reduction of symptoms, the efficacy of surgery was approaching 100%.The combination of inverted edges technique and anterior ethmoidal artery septal flap demonstrated the best results with no reperforations in all 10 cases. Using cross-septal returned flap, we achieved complete closure of perforation in 5 (83%) of 6 patients. The remaining techniques were performed rare and showed relatively low rates of success. There were 2 cases of complications (oronasal fistula), both developed in patients with sublabial mucosal flap. ConclusionUse of endoscopic assistance, vascularized mucoperichondrial flaps and bilateral closure demonstrates high effectiveness in septal perforation surgical repair in children. Level of evidence4.

Retrospective analysis of surgical outcomes for atlantoaxial subluxation

BackgroundAtlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) is characterized by excessive movement at the junction between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) as a result of either a bony or ligamentous abnormality. Surgical intervention is a therapeutic choice for AAS. In addition to C1 laminectomy (LAM), surgical fixation for subluxation or instability is performed by various techniques. While surgical treatment options for AAS have increased, the outcomes of different surgical techniques remain unclear.MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the outcomes of 30 consecutive spinal surgeries performed for AAS patients, C1 LAM in 11 cases and C1/2 fixation in 19 cases. We investigated the correlation between the clinical outcomes and the surgical methods. We also examined the factors related to poor outcomes (the recovery rate of the Japanese Orthopedic Association score for cervical myelopathy < 40%) following AAS surgeries.ResultsFrom a surgical method perspective, the patients in the C1 LAM group were older than those in the C1/2 fixation group (74.6 years vs 68.0 years), and the average recovery rate from the preoperative status was as follows: the C1 LAM group, 39.4%; the C1/2 fixation group, 49.8%. The C-JOA score was significantly improved after surgery in the C1/2 fixation group (from 9.8 to 13.1 points). The fixation technique seemed to successfully reduce C1/2 displacement. Each group exhibited a slight increase in the C1/2 angle and a decrease in the C2–7 angles after the operation. A higher preoperative atlantodental interval (ADI) was associated with good outcomes after the C1/2 fixation. The postoperative ADI was significantly reduced from 8.6 mm to 3.8 mm in the good outcome group after fixation. Patients with higher C1/2 angle showed good outcomes after C1 LAM. Despite the good neurological improvement, the C1/2 fixation method showed higher complication rates compared with C1 LAM method.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that the C1/2 fixation technique exhibited effectiveness in terms of neurological recovery. However, there was a high complication rate in surgeries for AAS, especially in the C1/2 fixation. C1 LAM would be considered for high-risk AAS cases such as elderly patients with multiple comorbidities.

Soft-tissue augmentation procedures in edentulous esthetic areas.

Loss of dentition leads to functional and esthetic challenges that are determined by the anatomic features of the edentulous area. These features can complicate the prosthetic rehabilitation of such patients, especially in situations where optimal esthetic outcomes are desired. For these reasons, reconstructive plastic surgery procedures, aimed at restoring the alveolar ridge to its former dimensions, have become of great clinical interest. These reconstructive plastic surgery procedures frequently involve soft-tissue augmentation, performed to improve the quality and quantity of mucogingival tissue with the aim to achieve an ideal esthetic result. This review will focus on the description and expected outcomes of different surgical techniques for soft-tissue augmentation in edentulous areas, as described in the literature. Although more information from a larger number of studies and randomized controlled clinical trials is needed, it is possible to draw some conclusions, namely: pouch procedures are the first choice for soft-tissue augmentation, especially in high-demand esthetic areas; roll techniques are possible in shallow buccolingual soft-tissue augmentations; and onlay, inlay and combination grafts are less suitable for soft-tissue augmentation because of their poor esthetic results.

Ekscizija ir kiuretažas – optimalus pilonidinės cistos gydymo metodas: literatūros apžvalga

TikslasRemiantis literatūros duomenimis, pasiūlyti optimalų pilonidinės cistos gydymo metodą.MetodikaNaudojant „PubMed“ elektroninę duomenų bazę peržiūrėta 2010–2016 metais publikuota literatūra, kurios pagrindinė tematika – pilonidinės cistos gydymas. Paieškai naudoti raktiniai žodžiai: pilonidinė cista, kiuretažas, ekscizija, drenažas, recidyvai. Apžvalgai atrinkti straipsniai, kuriuose duomenys pateikti remiantis atsitiktinių imčių bei kontroliuojamų studijų, tyrusių daugiau nei 1000 pacientų, rezultatais, o išvados paremtos statistiškai patikimais rodikliais. Remiantis perspektyviųjų atsitiktinių imčių tyrimų duomenimis apžvelgti ilgalaikiai pilonidinės cistos gydymo rezultatai. Taip pat analizuoti ir nagrinėtų straipsnių literatūros sąraše pateikti literatūros šaltiniai, nepasiūlyti pradinėje paieškoje.Rezultatai Į apžvalgą įtrauktos studijos, lyginančios skirtingų pilonidinės cistos operacinio gydymo būdų efektyvumą. Buvo vertinama:operacijos trukmė, gijimo laikas, recidyvų, komplikacijų dažniai bei grįžimo į darbą laikas. Sisteminė apžvalga ir metaanalizė apėmė 13 studijų, nagrinėjusių pilonidinės cistos atvėrimo ir kiuretažo (CAK) rezultatus. Gauti duomenys palyginti su alternatyviomis pilonidinės cistos gydymo technikomis: recidyvų dažnis CAK pacientų grupėje – 4,47 %, ekscizijos ir antrinio žaizdos gijimo grupėje – 11,9 %, ekscizijos ir marsupielizacijos – 7,1 %, ekscizijos ir pirminio žaizdos užsiuvimo vidurio linijoje – iki 20 %, ekscizijos ir užsiuvimo ne vidurio linijoje – 11 %. Operacijos laikas: CAK – 34,6 min., o kitų operacijų būdų siekia iki 89 min. Komplikacijų dažnis CAK grupėje taip pat mažesnis (1,44 %, palyginti su 23,8 % po ekscizijos ir antrinio žaizdos gijimo). Grįžimo į darbą mediana po CAK – 8,4 dienų, po kitų operacijų šis laikas daug ilgesnis (siekia iki 43 dienų). Žaizdos gijimo trukmė trumpesnė po CAK. Be to, cistos atvėrimas ir kiuretažas gali būti atliktas sukeliant vietinę nejautrą (7 iš 13 studijų). Kitų studijų rezultatai panašūs, pabrėžiama retesni ligos recidyvai, trumpesnė pooperacinio gijimo trukmė bei ankstesnis grįžimas į darbą. Išvados Remiantis apžvelgtų naujausių straipsnių duomenimis, prioritetinis pilonidinės cistos gydymas turi būti kiek įmanoma mažiau agresyvus, tad pirmo pasirinkimo operacija turėtų būti cistos atvėrimas ir kiuretažas. Nors šis būdas senas, bet gerokai pranašesnis už alternatyvius metodus – retesni recidyvai, pooperacinės komplikacijos, operacija lengvai atliekama ir trumpai trunkanti, pigi, jai atlikti pakanka vietinės anestezijos, pooperacinis laikotarpis mažiau skausmingas ir pacientas greičiau grįžta į darbą.

Ekscizija ir kiuretažas – optimalus pilonidinės cistos gydymo metodas: literatūros apžvalga

TikslasRemiantis literatūros duomenimis, pasiūlyti optimalų pilonidinės cistos gydymo metodą.MetodikaNaudojant „PubMed“ elektroninę duomenų bazę peržiūrėta 2010–2016 metais publikuota literatūra, kurios pagrindinė tematika – pilonidinės cistos gydymas. Paieškai naudoti raktiniai žodžiai: pilonidinė cista, kiuretažas, ekscizija, drenažas, recidyvai. Apžvalgai atrinkti straipsniai, kuriuose duomenys pateikti remiantis atsitiktinių imčių bei kontroliuojamų studijų, tyrusių daugiau nei 1000 pacientų, rezultatais, o išvados paremtos statistiškai patikimais rodikliais. Remiantis perspektyviųjų atsitiktinių imčių tyrimų duomenimis apžvelgti ilgalaikiai pilonidinės cistos gydymo rezultatai. Taip pat analizuoti ir nagrinėtų straipsnių literatūros sąraše pateikti literatūros šaltiniai, nepasiūlyti pradinėje paieškoje.Rezultatai Į apžvalgą įtrauktos studijos, lyginančios skirtingų pilonidinės cistos operacinio gydymo būdų efektyvumą. Buvo vertinama:operacijos trukmė, gijimo laikas, recidyvų, komplikacijų dažniai bei grįžimo į darbą laikas. Sisteminė apžvalga ir metaanalizė apėmė 13 studijų, nagrinėjusių pilonidinės cistos atvėrimo ir kiuretažo (CAK) rezultatus. Gauti duomenys palyginti su alternatyviomis pilonidinės cistos gydymo technikomis: recidyvų dažnis CAK pacientų grupėje – 4,47 %, ekscizijos ir antrinio žaizdos gijimo grupėje – 11,9 %, ekscizijos ir marsupielizacijos – 7,1 %, ekscizijos ir pirminio žaizdos užsiuvimo vidurio linijoje – iki 20 %, ekscizijos ir užsiuvimo ne vidurio linijoje – 11 %. Operacijos laikas: CAK – 34,6 min., o kitų operacijų būdų siekia iki 89 min. Komplikacijų dažnis CAK grupėje taip pat mažesnis (1,44 %, palyginti su 23,8 % po ekscizijos ir antrinio žaizdos gijimo). Grįžimo į darbą mediana po CAK – 8,4 dienų, po kitų operacijų šis laikas daug ilgesnis (siekia iki 43 dienų). Žaizdos gijimo trukmė trumpesnė po CAK. Be to, cistos atvėrimas ir kiuretažas gali būti atliktas sukeliant vietinę nejautrą (7 iš 13 studijų). Kitų studijų rezultatai panašūs, pabrėžiama retesni ligos recidyvai, trumpesnė pooperacinio gijimo trukmė bei ankstesnis grįžimas į darbą. Išvados Remiantis apžvelgtų naujausių straipsnių duomenimis, prioritetinis pilonidinės cistos gydymas turi būti kiek įmanoma mažiau agresyvus, tad pirmo pasirinkimo operacija turėtų būti cistos atvėrimas ir kiuretažas. Nors šis būdas senas, bet gerokai pranašesnis už alternatyvius metodus – retesni recidyvai, pooperacinės komplikacijos, operacija lengvai atliekama ir trumpai trunkanti, pigi, jai atlikti pakanka vietinės anestezijos, pooperacinis laikotarpis mažiau skausmingas ir pacientas greičiau grįžta į darbą.

Management of necrotizing pancreatitis and its outcome in a secondary healthcare institution

Background: Surgical debridement is the “gold standard” for infected pancreatic necrosis. Advances in imaging methods and minimal access techniques have changed the management of many surgical conditions and even infected pancreatic necrosis has successfully been treated in selected patients. However, technical advances don’t obviate sound clinical judgment. Aim was to consider recent advances in minimal access surgery, this article retrospectively analyses the role of open surgery and laparoscopic techniques in the management of necrotizing pancreatitis.Methods: A retrospective study of 30 cases of pancreatic necrosectomy admitted and managed during 2012-2016 was carried out and compared with results available in the existing literature.Results: Out of 30 cases, 20 were men and 10 were women. Patients' age ranged from 23 to 70 years (mean age - 49.8 years). The mean operating time was 103.8 min (range, 60-120 min). Timing of necrosectomy was 21-32 days (average - 25.5 days). The average duration of hospital stay after the procedure was 17.4 days (range, 10-21 days).Conclusions: Comparative analysis of results of different surgical techniques reveals that there is no significant difference in terms of mortality. However, overall rate of complications and failure (inadequate debridement and drainage) are still higher with minimally invasive techniques.

Surgical Treatment of Acute Diverticulitis. A Retrospective Multicentre Study

IntroductionTo analyze short and medium-term results of different surgical techniques in the treatment of complicated acute diverticulitis (CAD). MethodsMulticentre retrospective study including patients operated on as surgical emergency or deferred-urgency with the diagnosis of CAD. ResultsA series of 385 patients: 218 men and 167 women, mean age 64.4±15.6 years, operated on in 10 hospitals were included. The median (25th–75th percentile) time from symptoms to surgery was 48 (24–72)h, being peritonitis the main surgical indication in a 66% of cases. Surgical approach was usually open (95.1%), and the commonest findings, a purulent peritonitis (34.8%) or pericolonic abscess (28.6%). Hartmann procedure (HP) was the most used technique in 278 (72.2%) patients, followed by resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) in 69 (17.9%). The overall postoperative morbidity and mortality was 53.2% and 13% respectively. Age, immunosuppression, presence of general risk factors and fecal peritonitis were associated with increased mortality. Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage (LPL) was associated with an increased reoperation rate frequently involving a stoma, and anastomotic leaks presented in 13.7 patients after RPA, without differences in morbimortality when compared with HP. Median postoperative length of stay was 12 days, and was correlated with age, surgical risk, ASA score, hospital and postoperative complications. ConclusionsSurgery for CAD has important morbidity and mortality and is frequently associated with an end-stoma. Moreover LPL presented high reoperation rates. It seems better to resect and anastomose in most cases, even with an associated protective stoma.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la diverticulitis aguda. Estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico

IntroductionTo analyze short and medium-term results of different surgical techniques in the treatment of complicated acute diverticulitis (CAD). MethodsMulticentre retrospective study including patients operated on as surgical emergency or deferred-urgency with the diagnosis of CAD. ResultsA series of 385 patients: 218 men and 167 women, mean age 64.4±15.6 years, operated on in 10 hospitals were included. The median (25th-75th percentile) time from symptoms to surgery was 48 (24-72) h, being peritonitis the main surgical indication in a 66% of cases. Surgical approach was usually open (95.1%), and the commonest findings, a purulent peritonitis (34.8%) or pericolonic abscess (28.6%). Hartmann procedure (HP) was the most used technique in 278 (72.2%) patients, followed by resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) in 69 (17.9%). The overall postoperative morbidity and mortality was 53.2% and 13% respectively. Age, immunosupression, presence of general risk factors and faecal peritonitis were associated with increased mortality. Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage (LPL) was associated with an increased reoperation rate frequently involving a stoma, and anastomotic leaks presented in 13.7 patients after RPA, without differences in morbimortality when compared with HP. Median postoperative length of stay was 12 days, and was correlated with age, surgical risk, ASA score, hospital and postoperative complications. ConclusionsSurgery for CAD has important morbidity and mortality and is frequently associated with an end-stoma. Moreover LPL presented high reoperation rates. It seems better to resect and anastomose in most cases, even with an associated protective stoma.

A 20-year experience in unilateral cleft lip repair: From Millard to the triple unilimb Z-plasty technique.

Background:This study describes a 20-year experience of treating patients with unilateral cleft lip. During this time, various techniques were used including Millard's technique and its modification and two types of geometrically designed procedures. The study objective was to compare surgical outcomes of different surgical techniques for unilateral cleft lip repair.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective audit of outcomes after unilateral cleft lip repair performed by a single surgeon since 1995. Of the 827 patients who underwent surgery, 277 met the criterion of having anthropometric measurements performed ≥1 year postoperatively. The patients were stratified into three groups according to cleft severity: incomplete, complete with less deficiency (3–6 mm difference between cleft and non-cleft lip height) and complete with more deficiency (>6 mm difference between cleft and non-cleft lip height). Anthropometric measurements, scar assessment and complications were recorded.Results:There were no differences in outcomes between Millard and Reichert-Millard techniques for incomplete unilateral cleft lip. For complete unilateral cleft lip and less tissue deficiency, lip symmetry was better using upper rotation advancement plus double unilimb Z-plasty than the Reichert-Millard technique. For complete unilateral cleft lip and more tissue deficiency, lip symmetry was better after triple unilimb Z-plasty than after upper rotation advancement plus double unilimb Z-plasty.Conclusions:We presented a 20-year experience performing unilateral cleft lip repair. An individualised classification system with corresponding surgical techniques was successfully used during this period. The individualised surgical protocol used in this study allowed us to achieve improved surgical outcomes.

Prosthetic Mesh Repair for Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia.

Incarcerated inguinal hernia is a commonly encountered urgent surgical condition, and tension-free repair is a well-established method for the treatment of non-complicated cases. However, due to the risk of prosthetic material-related infections, the use of mesh in the repair of strangulated or incarcerated hernia has often been subject to debate. Recent studies have demonstrated that biomaterials represent suitable materials for performing urgent hernia repair. Certain studies recommend mesh repair only for cases where no bowel resection is required; other studies, however, recommend mesh repair for patients requiring bowel resection as well. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of different surgical techniques performed for strangulated hernia, and to evaluate the effect of mesh use on postoperative complications. Retrospective cross-sectional study. This retrospective study was performed with 151 patients who had been admitted to our hospital's emergency department to undergo surgery for a diagnosis of incarcerated inguinal hernia. The patients were divided into two groups based on the applied surgical technique. Group 1 consisted of 112 patients treated with mesh-based repair techniques, while Group 2 consisted of 39 patients treated with tissue repair techniques. Patients in Group 1 were further divided into two sub-groups: one consisting of patients undergoing bowel resection (Group 3), and the other consisting of patients not undergoing bowel resection (Group 4). In Group 1, it was observed that eight (7.14%) of the patients had wound infections, while two (1.78%) had hematomas, four (3.57%) had seromas, and one (0.89%) had relapse. In Group 2, one (2.56%) of the patients had a wound infection, while three (7.69%) had hematomas, one (2.56%) had seroma, and none had relapses. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to wound infection, seroma, hematoma, or relapse (p>0.05). In Group 3, it was observed that one (6.7%) of the patients had wound infections, while one (6.7%) had a hematoma, one patient (6.7%) had seroma, and none had relapses. In Group 4, seven (7.2%) of the patients had wound infections, while one (1%) had a hematoma, three (3%) had seromas, and one (1%) had a relapse. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to wound infection, seroma, hematoma, or relapse (p>0.05). In urgent groin hernia repair surgeries, polypropylene mesh can be safely used even in the patients undergoing bowel resection.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: A new concept of disease pathogenesis and practical consequences.

During the last four decades, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) has defied the efforts of many researchers to prevent its occurrence or development. Thus, PVR is still the major complication following retinal detachment (RD) surgery and a bottle-neck for advances in cell therapy that require intraocular surgery. In this review we tried to combine basic and clinical knowledge, as an example of translational research, providing new and practical information for clinicians. PVR was defined as the proliferation of cells after RD. This idea was used for classifying PVR and also for designing experimental models used for testing many drugs, none of which were successful in humans. We summarize current information regarding the pathogenic events that follow any RD because this information may be the key for understanding and treating the earliest stages of PVR. A major focus is made on the intraretinal changes derived mainly from retinal glial cell reactivity. These responses can lead to intraretinal PVR, an entity that has not been clearly recognized. Inflammation is one of the major components of PVR, and we describe new genetic biomarkers that have the potential to predict its development. New treatment approaches are analyzed, especially those directed towards neuroprotection, which can also be useful for preventing visual loss after any RD. We also summarize the results of different surgical techniques and clinical information that is oriented toward the identification of high risk patients. Finally, we provide some recommendations for future classification of PVR and for designing comparable protocols for testing new drugs or techniques.

The disappointing quality of published studies on operative techniques for rectovaginal fistulas: a blueprint for a prospective multi-institutional study.

Treatment of rectovaginal fistulas is difficult, and many surgical interventions have been developed. The best surgical intervention for the closure of these fistulas is still unclear. A systematic review was performed reporting the outcomes of different surgical techniques for rectovaginal fistulas. Medline (PubMed, Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and The Cochrane Library databases were searched for eligible articles as well as the references of these articles. Two independent reviewers analyzed the search results for eligible articles based on title, abstract, and described results. Any surgical intervention for the closure of rectovaginal fistulas was included. The main outcome was closure rate. Secondary outcomes were quality of life, morbidity, and the effect on sexual functioning. Many articles with different operative techniques were identified and classified in the following categories: advancement flaps (endorectal and endovaginal), transperineal closure, Martius procedure, gracilis muscle transposition, rectal resections, transabdominal closure, mesh repair, plugs, endoscopic repairs, closure with biomaterials, and miscellaneous techniques. Results vary widely with closure rates between 0% and >80%. None of the studies were randomized. Because of the poor quality of the identified studies, the comparison of results and performance of a meta-analysis were not possible.Data regarding the secondary outcomes were mostly unavailable. The major limitation of this review was the limited availability of high-quality prospective studies, making it impossible to perform a meta-analysis. No conclusion about the best surgical intervention for rectovaginal fistulas could be formulated. More large studies of high quality are needed to find the best treatment for rectovaginal fistulas. A design for these high-quality studies was formulated.

The Efficacy and Morbidity of Different Surgical Treatment Techniques for Chronic Anal Fissure: An Academic Colorectal Experience

Up to 40 per cent of chronic fissures will fail to heal with medical treatment alone. Open (OLIS) and closed (CLIS) lateral internal sphincterotomies are considered by many to be the treatment of choice for chronic anal fissures (CAF). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and clinical outcomes of different surgical techniques for treatment of CAF. We performed a retrospective chart review of 387 patients with CAF who underwent surgical intervention performed by colorectal surgeons between 2006 and 2012 at Greenville Hospital System. Of 387 patients, 199 underwent OLIS, 124 CLIS, and 64 patients underwent fissurectomy alone (FE). We investigated the effect of the surgical technique on time of healing, rate of flatus incontinence, wound infection, recurrence, and the need for additional intervention. There was no statistically significant difference among patients undergoing OLIS, CLIS, and FE in demographic characteristic, time of healing, rate of wound infections, and fecal continence, or recurrence rate. Comparison of a combined lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) group with FE showed that there is similar time of healing (P = 0.58), no statistical difference in flatus incontinence rate (P = 0.61), urinary retention (P = 1.0), fissure recurrence (P = 0.11), and prolonged healing (P = 0.2). Patients in FE group more likely required additional treatment to complete wound healing (P = 0.02). LIS is a safe and effective technique for treatment of CAF. Although there was no difference in complications rate and healing time, patients in the FE group required additional surgical or medical treatment more frequently to achieve complete healing.

Prevention of Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pylorus-Preserving Pancreatoduodenectomy with Antecolic Reconstruction, a Long Jejunal Loop, and a Jejuno-Jejunostomy

BackgroundDelayed gastric emptying (DGE) is one of the major complications following pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD). It leads to significant patient distress and prolonged hospitalization and therefore increased treatment costs. DGE etiology remains unclear but seems to be multifactorial. In order to decrease DGE rates, reconstruction methods have been modified. The presented retrospective study was to evaluate outcomes of different surgical techniques at our institution with special emphasis on retrocolic and antecolic reconstruction types. Material and MethodsOne hundred thirteen consecutive patients underwent PPPD between September 2004 and December 2011 for periampullary and bile duct lesions of the pancreatic head and the papilla of Vater. These patients were reviewed for DGE occurrence and other factors. Four different types of reconstruction were applied: the classic retrocolic reconstruction using a short jejunal loop (short loop, n = 40) and three types of reconstructions using a long loop: one with a long loop and retrocolic duodenojejunostomy (n = 22), another with a long loop and an additional latero-lateral enterostomy (Braun’s anastomosis, n = 23), and finally, an antecolic group with Braun’s anastomosis (n = 28). Patients were reviewed for DGE incidence and severity following the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery definition of DGE. ResultsThe highest DGE occurrence was noted in the retrocolic group using a short jejunal loop (15 of 32 patients, 46.9 %), whereas the reconstruction types using long loops showed a notable decrease: DGE occurred in 4 of 16 patients (25 %) in the retrocolic group, in 6 of 21 patients (28.6 %) in the retrocolic group with an additional latero-lateral enterostomy (Braun’s anastomosis), and finally, only 1 of 22 patients (4.5 %, p = 0.009) in the antecolic group with Braun’s anastomosis presenting with DGE, grade A. However, neither hospitalization time nor days in the intensive care unit were significantly different. There was no difference in DGE rates between the retrocolic long-loop groups with and without Braun’s anastomosis. ConclusionThe results of this retrospective study suggest that the antecolic route with a long jejunal loop and Braun’s anastomosis minimizes DGE rates.

Midterm Results of Different Surgical Techniques to Replace Dilated Ascending Aorta Associated With Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease

This study evaluated effectiveness of three different surgical strategies for treating ascending aorta aneurysm, with or without involvement of the aortic root, associated with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Between 2005 and 2011, 150 consecutive patients underwent a Bentall operation in the presence of ascending aorta and aortic root dilation exceeding 45 mm in diameter and malfunctioning BAV (n = 46, group 1); separate aortic valve and ascending aorta replacement in presence of ascending aorta dilation exceeding 45 mm, aortic root of less than 45 mm, and malfunctioning BAV (n = 77, group 2); or ascending aorta replacement, with or without BAV repair, in the presence of ascending aorta dilation exceeding 45 mm, aortic root of less than 45 mm, and normally functioning or mildly insufficient BAV (n = 27, group 3). Compared with groups 2 and 3, group 1 patients were younger and affected by more severe BAV insufficiency and worse left ventricular function. In groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, operative mortality was 2.1%, 1.3%, and 0%, and 5-year survival was 94% ± 4%, 92% ± 3.4%, and 100%. At 5 years, no patient in any group required reoperation on the ascending aorta or experienced aortic complications. In groups 2 and 3, root dimensions did not increase and were also significantly smaller compared with preoperative measurements (p < 0.05). Aortic regurgitation grade in group 3 (0.5 ± 0.8/4+) did not increase compared with the preoperative grade (0.8 ± 0.9/4+). At midterm follow-up, the Bentall operation remains associated with optimal results for the treatment of BAV, despite a worse preoperative presentation. In presence of a mildly diseased or normal aortic root and normal BAV function at the time of operation, less invasive surgical procedures, BAV-sparing, or repair procedures, appear to offer gratifying results.

A decision‐analytic Markov model to compare the cost–utility of anterior repair augmented with synthetic mesh compared with non‐mesh repair in women with surgically treated prolapse

To assess the cost-effectiveness of a mesh-augmented anterior vaginal wall repair compared with a non-mesh fascial plication repair. Cost-utility analysis. Data for outcomes of different surgical techniques were derived from systematic reviews and recent publications. A decision-analytic Markov model, developed in TreeAge Pro 2007(®) , was used to compare the cost-utility of mesh and non-mesh anterior vaginal wall repairs. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the impact of different scenarios and assumptions on results from the model. Health outcomes were expressed in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Under base case assumptions at 5 years, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for mesh-augmented anterior repairs was £15 million per QALY. Sensitivity analysis found no plausible model inputs that could make a mesh repair cost-effective by conventional criteria. This was mostly because of the extra costs associated with the price of the mesh, treating mesh erosion and difficulty finding data that support a lower reoperation rate for mesh anterior wall repairs. This model suggests that the use of mesh is not cost-effective.

RESTORATION OF THE SEAL FUNCTION OF THE ACETABULAR LABRUM: A CADAVERIC STUDY

Labral tears commonly cause disabling intraarticular hip pain and are usually treated with hip arthroscopy [Safran, 2011]. This latter may help in the preservation of the hip of young and active adults. While recent studies have clarified the anatomy of the acetabular labrum [Kelly, 2005], its biomechanical and kinematics behaviour as well as the most effective treatment option have lagged behind. This current study was performed with the intention to help determine when and how the seal function of the labrum is restored, by comparing the results of different surgical techniques including labrectomy and two different labral repairs.

Pharyngeal airway space, hyoid bone position and head posture after orthognathic surgery in Class III patients

To determine the effect of orthognathic surgery on pharyngeal airway in Class III patients and to (1) compare the results of different surgical techniques, (2) determine the change at the position of the hyoid bone, and (3) evaluate the craniocervical posture changes related to pharyngeal airway change. Forty-eight Class III adult patients were included in the study to assess airway space after orthognathic surgery. Nine patients were treated with maxillary advancement, seven patients were treated with mandibular set back, and 32 patients were treated with bimaxillary surgery. Cephalometric records were taken before treatment, after surgery, and about 1 year after surgery (at the end of the treatment). No differences were determined at the position of hyoid bone and craniocervical posture. Nasopharyngeal area was significantly increased in all groups (P < .05). Oropharyngeal area and SPSS and IPS parameters were significantly decreased after mandibular set back operation (P < .05). In bimaxillary and maxillary advancement groups, PPS parameter was significantly increased (P < .01), and IPS parameter was significantly decreased (P < .05). No differences were detected at oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal areas in bimaxillary and maxillary advancement groups. Different surgical procedures have different effects on pharyngeal airway space.

Radical perineal prostatectomy - the contemporary resurgence of a genuinely minimally invasive procedure: Procedure outline. Comparison of the advantages, disadvantages, and outcomes of different surgical techniques of treating organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa). A literature review with special focus on perineal prostatectomy.

IntroductionSurgery plays a central role in the management of organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa). Four types of prostatectomy are currently practiced: perineal, retropubic, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted. The qualification criteria for all types are similar. Radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP) was the first method introduced into clinical practice, however, it has been neglected in favor of other procedures. Its resurgence has been facilitated by a multitude of advantages. Unfortunately, nowadays most urologists are not familiar with the perineal approach though many centers have begun to implement it.Materials and methodsThis manuscript presents the technique of RPP used in the author's institution. It also reviews a vast body of literature on the four techniques of prostatectomy including their advantages and outcomes. The data was collected from the literature and medical databases.ConclusionRPP proves to be a very efficacious, cost-effective treatment option for localized PCa. The outcomes of RPP, as defined by continence, potency, and complication rate, are equivalent to those accomplished by other methods.

Supraorbital keyhole approach for removal of midline anterior cranial fossa meningiomas: a series of 20 consecutive cases

The paper describes a retrospective study of a consecutive series of 20 midline anterior cranial fossa meningiomas (five of the olfactory groove, 14 of the tuberculum sellae, and one clinoidal), which were operated on via a supraorbital keyhole approach between 2002 and 2008. The series includes three males and 17 females (mean age 57 years, mean size of the tumors 3.5 × 3 cm, and mean follow-up 48 months). Gross total excision was achieved in 18 cases and subtotal resection in two. Out of 14 patients with visual deficits, nine patients improved, one remained stable, and three deteriorated. Two patients presented a recurrence 3 years after surgery. One peri-operative death was recorded. The subgroup of patients with tuberculum sellae meningiomas was analyzed in details. A meta-analysis of the major series of such meningiomas in the last 20 years has been performed in order to compare results of different surgical techniques. With regard to primary outcomes of these tumors, gross total removal, restoration of visual function, morbidity, mortality, and recurrence rates, the supraorbital approach, for selected cases, seems to offer valuable results, comparable with those reported in conventional and endoscopic approaches and with very low surgical aggressiveness. However, statistical data available from the literature, particularly on visual function, are still too limited to draw definitive conclusions. The best surgical option for the individual patient cannot yet be standardized and should be chosen on the basis of tumor anatomy, pre-operative clinical symptoms, and surgeon's experience.